我试图找到如何在python中使用urllib2进行基本身份验证来获取问题KEY The JIRA REST API描述了URI的可用
感谢sugestions，我会尝试它，同时，我只是想用自己的努力来更新它：这是我试过的示例python代码：
import urllib2, sys, re, base64
from urlparse import urlparse
theurl = 'http://my.rest-server.com:8080/rest/api/latest/AA-120' # if you want to run this example you'll need to supply a protected page with y
our username and password
username = 'username'
password = 'password' # a very bad password
req = urllib2.Request(theurl)
print req
try:
handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
print handle
except IOError, e: # here we are assuming we fail
pass
else: # If we don't fail then the page isn't protected
print "This page isn't protected by authentication."
sys.exit(1)
if not hasattr(e, 'code') or e.code != 401: # we got an error - but not a 401 error
print "This page isn't protected by authentication."
print 'But we failed for another reason.'
sys.exit(1)
authline = e.headers.get('www-authenticate', '') # this gets the www-authenticat line from the headers - which has the authentication
scheme and realm in it
if not authline:
print 'A 401 error without an authentication response header - very weird.'
sys.exit(1)
authobj = re.compile(r'''(?:\s*www-authenticate\s*:)?\s*(\w*)\s+realm=['"](\w+)['"]''', re.IGNORECASE) # this regular expression is used to
extract scheme and realm
matchobj = authobj.match(authline)
if not matchobj: # if the authline isn't matched by the regular expression then something is wrong
print 'The authentication line is badly formed.'
sys.exit(1)
scheme = matchobj.group(1)
print scheme
realm = matchobj.group(2)
print realm
if scheme.lower() != 'basic':
print 'This example only works with BASIC authentication.'
sys.exit(1)
base64string = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1]
authheader = "Basic %s" % base64string
req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)
try:
handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
except IOError, e: # here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right
print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."
sys.exit(1)
thepage = handle.read()
server = urlparse(theurl)[1].lower() # server names are case insensitive, so we will convert to lower case
test = server.find(':')
if test != -1: server = server[:test] # remove the :port information if present, we're working on the principle that realm names per serve
r are likely to be unique...
passdict = {(server, realm) : authheader } # now if we get another 401 we can test for an entry in passdict before having to ask the user for a
username/password
print 'Done successfully - information now stored in passdict.'
print 'The webpage is stored in thepage.'
---我得到了结果： 此页面不受身份验证保护。 但我们失败了另一个原因。
而页面受身份验证保护
我尝试了安装请求，但收到错误：
sudo easy_install requests
Searching for requests
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/requests/
Reading https://github.com/kennethreitz/requests
Reading http://python-requests.org
Best match: requests 0.9.1
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/requests/requests-0.9.1.tar.gz#md5=8ed4667edb5d57945b74a9137adbb8bd
Processing requests-0.9.1.tar.gz
Running requests-0.9.1/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-lTQu8K/requests-0.9.1/egg-dist-tmp-M2yQCt
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/easy_install", line 7, in ?
sys.exit(
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1712, in main
with_ei_usage(lambda:
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1700, in with_ei_usage
return f()
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1716, in <lambda>
distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw
File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/distutils/core.py", line 149, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 946, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 211, in run
self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 446, in easy_install
return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 476, in install_item
dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 655, in install_eggs
return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 930, in build_and_install
self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 919, in run_setup
run_setup(setup_script, args)
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 61, in run_setup
DirectorySandbox(setup_dir).run(
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 105, in run
return func()
File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c12dev_r88846-py2.4.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 64, in <lambda>
{'__file__':setup_script, '__name__':'__main__'}
File "setup.py", line 6, in ?
File "/tmp/easy_install-lTQu8K/requests-0.9.1/requests/__init__.py", line 26
from . import utils
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
答案 0 :(得分：6)
我建议考虑使用非常出色的requests库，它提供了一个很好的抽象，使urllib2更容易使用。
使用requests，您只需执行以下操作：
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com', auth=('user', 'pass'))
它支持进行REST调用所需的所有请求方法（POST，PUT，DELETE等等）。
您可以在此处找到更多信息：
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests
如果你绝对必须使用普通的旧urllib2，这里有一个如何做的例子：
import urllib2
theurl = 'http://www.someserver.com/toplevelurl/somepage.htm'
username = 'johnny'
password = 'XXXXXX'
passman = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
passman.add_password(None, theurl, username, password)
# because we have put None at the start it will always
# use this username/password combination for urls
# for which `theurl` is a super-url
authhandler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(passman)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(authhandler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
# All calls to urllib2.urlopen will now use our handler
# Make sure not to include the protocol in with the URL, or
# HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm will be very confused.
# You must (of course) use it when fetching the page though.
pagehandle = urllib2.urlopen(theurl)
# authentication is now handled automatically for us
更多信息可以在这里找到：http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/articles/authentication.shtml
答案 1 :(得分：4)
好笑，我昨天正在为JIRA Python CLI工作。我采用了使用REST API的方法来获取身份验证cookie和自定义开启工具。下面的示例显示使用opener将数据发布到页面以添加组件，但您可以替换它 调用另一个REST调用的正确URL。
"""
Demonstration of using Python for a RESTful call to JIRA
Matt Doar
CustomWare
"""
import urllib
import urllib2
import cookielib
jira_serverurl = "http://jira.example.com:8080"
creds = { "username" : "admin", "password" : "admin" }
authurl = jira_serverurl + "/rest/auth/latest/session"
# Get the authentication cookie using the REST API
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
req = urllib2.Request(authurl)
req.add_data('{ "username" : "admin", "password" : "admin" }')
req.add_header("Content-type", "application/json")
req.add_header("Accept", "application/json")
fp = opener.open(req)
fp.close()
add_component_url = jira_serverurl + "/secure/project/AddComponent.jspa?pid=10020&name=ABC4"
print "Using %s" % (add_component_url)
# Have to add data to make urllib2 send a POST
values = {}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
# Have to tell JIRA to not use a form token
headers = {'X-Atlassian-Token': 'no-check'}
request = urllib2.Request(add_component_url, data, headers=headers)
fp = opener.open(request)
print fp.read()
答案 2 :(得分：2)
我使用requests module获得了更好的成功。
import requests
jira_session = requests.session()
try:
jira_session.post('https://server', auth=(user, password), verify=False)
except:
print('Unable to connect or authenticate with JIRA server.')
url = 'https://server/rest/api/2/search?jql=project="ABCXYZ"&maxResults=100'
results = jira_session.get(url)
project_data = results.json()
答案 3 :(得分：1)
我在访问Jira REST时遇到了同样的问题。 这对我有用：
class JiraOpenerWrapper(object):
# Class to wrap urllib2 OpenerDirector to add authenication headers.
# this is needed fro Jira - see comment below.
def __init__(self, opener, user, password):
self.opener = opener
self.user = user
self.password = password
def open(self, url, data, timeout):
if isinstance(url, str):
# if given a url - create a request and add
req = urllib2.Request(url, data, {
"Authorization":
"Basic " + base64.b64encode(
self.user + ":" + self.password)
})
else:
req = url
return self.opener.open(req, data, timeout)
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == "open":
return self.open
return getattr(self.opener, attr)
def RegisterPasswords(user, password):
password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
password_manager.add_password(
None, 'https://rt.mycorp.site/', user, password)
password_manager.add_password(
None, 'https://jira.mycorp.site/', user, password)
auth_handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth_handler)
# Jira has a strage behviour - it does not return the proper error
# when sending a request without an Authentication header.
# This causes Python's urllib2 not to retry with the pass word.
# For Jira we would need to add the headers all the time
jira_opener = JiraOpenerWrapper(opener, user, password)
urllib2.install_opener(jira_opener)
def GameJira():
url = "https://jira.mycorp.site/rest/api/2/issue/PRJ-123"
data = urllib2.urlopen(url, None).read()
print "Jira:\n", data