怎么做?
这个问题的前标题是“在使用子查询的复杂查询中使用等级(@Rank:= @Rank + 1) - 它会起作用吗?”因为我正在寻找使用等级的解决方案,但是现在我看到Bill发布的解决方案要好得多。
原始问题:
我正在尝试编写一个查询,该查询将根据定义的顺序从每个组中获取最后一条记录:
SET @Rank=0;
select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table
order by OrderField
) as t
group by GroupId) as t
join (
select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table
order by OrderField
) as s
on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField
表达式@Rank := @Rank + 1
通常用于排名,但对我来说,它在2个子查询中使用时看起来很可疑,但只初始化一次。它会以这种方式工作吗?
第二,它是否适用于多次评估的子查询?就像子查询在哪里(或有)子句(另一种方式如何写上面):
SET @Rank=0;
select Table.*, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table
having Rank = (select max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table as t0
order by OrderField
) as t
where t.GroupId = table.GroupId
)
order by OrderField
提前致谢!
答案 0 :(得分:158)
所以你想获得每组最高OrderField
的行?我这样做:
SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId AND t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL
ORDER BY t1.OrderField; // not needed! (note by Tomas)
( Tomas编辑:如果在同一组中有更多具有相同OrderField的记录,并且您只需要其中一个,则可能需要扩展条件:
SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId
AND (t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField
OR (t1.OrderField = t2.OrderField AND t1.Id < t2.Id))
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL
编辑结束。)
换句话说,返回行t1
行,其中没有其他行t2
存在相同的GroupId
和更大OrderField
。当t2.*
为NULL时,表示左外连接未找到此类匹配,因此t1
在组中具有最大值OrderField
。
没有排名,没有子查询。如果(GroupId, OrderField)
上有复合索引,则应该快速运行并使用“使用索引”优化对t2的访问。
关于效果,请参阅我对Retrieving the last record in each group的回答。我尝试使用Stack Overflow数据转储的子查询方法和join方法。差异非常显着:我的测试中连接方法的运行速度提高了278倍。
您必须拥有正确的索引才能获得最佳效果!
关于使用@Rank变量的方法,它将无法正常编写,因为在查询处理完第一个表后,@ Rank的值不会重置为零。我会告诉你一个例子。
我插入了一些虚拟数据,其中一个额外的字段为null,除了我们知道每组最大的行:
select * from `Table`;
+---------+------------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo |
+---------+------------+------+
| 10 | 10 | NULL |
| 10 | 20 | NULL |
| 10 | 30 | foo |
| 20 | 40 | NULL |
| 20 | 50 | NULL |
| 20 | 60 | foo |
+---------+------------+------+
我们可以证明第一组的排名增加到3,第二组的排名增加到6,内部查询正确地返回这些:
select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (
select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from `Table`
order by OrderField) as t
group by GroupId
+---------+---------+
| GroupId | MaxRank |
+---------+---------+
| 10 | 3 |
| 20 | 6 |
+---------+---------+
现在运行没有连接条件的查询,强制所有行的笛卡尔积,我们也获取所有列:
select s.*, t.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from `Table`
order by OrderField
) as t
group by GroupId) as t
join (
select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from `Table`
order by OrderField
) as s
-- on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | MaxRank | GroupId | OrderField | foo | Rank |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 10 | 3 | 10 | 10 | NULL | 7 |
| 20 | 6 | 10 | 10 | NULL | 7 |
| 10 | 3 | 10 | 20 | NULL | 8 |
| 20 | 6 | 10 | 20 | NULL | 8 |
| 20 | 6 | 10 | 30 | foo | 9 |
| 10 | 3 | 10 | 30 | foo | 9 |
| 10 | 3 | 20 | 40 | NULL | 10 |
| 20 | 6 | 20 | 40 | NULL | 10 |
| 10 | 3 | 20 | 50 | NULL | 11 |
| 20 | 6 | 20 | 50 | NULL | 11 |
| 20 | 6 | 20 | 60 | foo | 12 |
| 10 | 3 | 20 | 60 | foo | 12 |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
从上面我们可以看出每组的最大等级是正确的,但随着处理第二个派生表,@ Rank继续增加到7和更高。因此,第二个派生表中的排名永远不会与第一个派生表中的排名重叠。
你必须添加另一个派生表来强制@Rank在处理这两个表之间重置为零(并希望优化器不会改变它评估表的顺序,或者使用STRAIGHT_JOIN来防止它):
select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from `Table`
order by OrderField
) as t
group by GroupId) as t
join (select @Rank := 0) r -- RESET @Rank TO ZERO HERE
join (
select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from `Table`
order by OrderField
) as s
on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;
+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo | Rank |
+---------+------------+------+------+
| 10 | 30 | foo | 3 |
| 20 | 60 | foo | 6 |
+---------+------------+------+------+
但是这个查询的优化很糟糕。它不能使用任何索引,它会创建两个临时表,以硬方式对它们进行排序,甚至使用连接缓冲区,因为它在连接临时表时也不能使用索引。这是EXPLAIN
的示例输出:
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived4> | system | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived2> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | |
| 1 | PRIMARY | <derived5> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using where; Using join buffer |
| 5 | DERIVED | Table | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using filesort |
| 4 | DERIVED | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | No tables used |
| 2 | DERIVED | <derived3> | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 3 | DERIVED | Table | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using filesort |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
而使用左外连接的解决方案优化得更好。它不使用临时表,甚至报告"Using index"
,这意味着它可以仅使用索引来解析连接,而不会触及数据。
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | t1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 6 | Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | t2 | ref | GroupId | GroupId | 5 | test.t1.GroupId | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
你可能会读到那些在他们的博客上声称“加入使SQL缓慢”的人,但那是无稽之谈。优化不佳会使SQL变慢。