获取每组最高/最小<whatever>的记录</whatever>

时间:2012-01-05 20:04:42

标签: mysql subquery greatest-n-per-group rank

怎么做?

这个问题的前标题是“在使用子查询的复杂查询中使用等级(@Rank:= @Rank + 1) - 它会起作用吗?”因为我正在寻找使用等级的解决方案,但是现在我看到Bill发布的解决方案要好得多。

原始问题:

我正在尝试编写一个查询,该查询将根据定义的顺序从每个组中获取最后一条记录:

SET @Rank=0;

select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank 
            from Table
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t 
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from Table
      order by OrderField
      ) as s 
  on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField

表达式@Rank := @Rank + 1通常用于排名,但对我来说,它在2个子查询中使用时看起来很可疑,但只初始化一次。它会以这种方式工作吗?

第二,它是否适用于多次评估的子查询?就像子查询在哪里(或有)子句(另一种方式如何写上面):

SET @Rank=0;

select Table.*, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table
having Rank = (select max(Rank) AS MaxRank
              from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank 
                    from Table as t0
                    order by OrderField
                    ) as t
              where t.GroupId = table.GroupId
             )
order by OrderField

提前致谢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:158)

所以你想获得每组最高OrderField的行?我这样做:

SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
  ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId AND t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL
ORDER BY t1.OrderField; // not needed! (note by Tomas)

Tomas编辑:如果在同一组中有更多具有相同OrderField的记录,并且您只需要其中一个,则可能需要扩展条件:

SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
  ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId 
        AND (t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField 
         OR (t1.OrderField = t2.OrderField AND t1.Id < t2.Id))
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL

编辑结束。)

换句话说,返回行t1行,其中没有其他行t2存在相同的GroupId和更大OrderField。当t2.*为NULL时,表示左外连接未找到此类匹配,因此t1在组中具有最大值OrderField

没有排名,没有子查询。如果(GroupId, OrderField)上有复合索引,则应该快速运行并使用“使用索引”优化对t2的访问。


关于效果,请参阅我对Retrieving the last record in each group的回答。我尝试使用Stack Overflow数据转储的子查询方法和join方法。差异非常显着:我的测试中连接方法的运行速度提高了278倍。

您必须拥有正确的索引才能获得最佳效果!

关于使用@Rank变量的方法,它将无法正常编写,因为在查询处理完第一个表后,@ Rank的值不会重置为零。我会告诉你一个例子。

我插入了一些虚拟数据,其中一个额外的字段为null,除了我们知道每组最大的行:

select * from `Table`;

+---------+------------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo  |
+---------+------------+------+
|      10 |         10 | NULL |
|      10 |         20 | NULL |
|      10 |         30 | foo  |
|      20 |         40 | NULL |
|      20 |         50 | NULL |
|      20 |         60 | foo  |
+---------+------------+------+

我们可以证明第一组的排名增加到3,第二组的排名增加到6,内部查询正确地返回这些:

select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (
  select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
  from `Table`
  order by OrderField) as t
group by GroupId

+---------+---------+
| GroupId | MaxRank |
+---------+---------+
|      10 |       3 |
|      20 |       6 |
+---------+---------+

现在运行没有连接条件的查询,强制所有行的笛卡尔积,我们也获取所有列:

select s.*, t.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank 
            from `Table`
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t 
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from `Table`
      order by OrderField
      ) as s 
  -- on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;

+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | MaxRank | GroupId | OrderField | foo  | Rank |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         10 | NULL |    7 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         10 | NULL |    7 |
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         20 | NULL |    8 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         20 | NULL |    8 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         30 | foo  |    9 |
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         30 | foo  |    9 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         40 | NULL |   10 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         40 | NULL |   10 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         50 | NULL |   11 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         50 | NULL |   11 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         60 | foo  |   12 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         60 | foo  |   12 |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+

从上面我们可以看出每组的最大等级是正确的,但随着处理第二个派生表,@ Rank继续增加到7和更高。因此,第二个派生表中的排名永远不会与第一个派生表中的排名重叠。

你必须添加另一个派生表来强制@Rank在处理这两个表之间重置为零(并希望优化器不会改变它评估表的顺序,或者使用STRAIGHT_JOIN来防止它):

select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank 
            from `Table`
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t 
  join (select @Rank := 0) r -- RESET @Rank TO ZERO HERE
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from `Table`
      order by OrderField
      ) as s 
  on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;

+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo  | Rank |
+---------+------------+------+------+
|      10 |         30 | foo  |    3 |
|      20 |         60 | foo  |    6 |
+---------+------------+------+------+

但是这个查询的优化很糟糕。它不能使用任何索引,它会创建两个临时表,以硬方式对它们进行排序,甚至使用连接缓冲区,因为它在连接临时表时也不能使用索引。这是EXPLAIN的示例输出:

+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                           |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived4> | system | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |                                 |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived5> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using where; Using join buffer  |
|  5 | DERIVED     | Table      | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using filesort                  |
|  4 | DERIVED     | NULL       | NULL   | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used                  |
|  2 | DERIVED     | <derived3> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
|  3 | DERIVED     | Table      | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using filesort                  |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+

而使用左外连接的解决方案优化得更好。它不使用临时表,甚至报告"Using index",这意味着它可以仅使用索引来解析连接,而不会触及数据。

+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref             | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t1    | ALL  | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL            |    6 | Using filesort           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | ref  | GroupId       | GroupId | 5       | test.t1.GroupId |    1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+

你可能会读到那些在他们的博客上声称“加入使SQL缓慢”的人,但那是无稽之谈。优化不佳会使SQL变慢。