Ruby组合与数组元素

时间:2012-01-04 21:57:42

标签: ruby arrays combinations

好的,我在互联网上搜索了答案,并在我的红宝石程序员中搜索了几个小时,但我无法解决这个问题。我正在编写一个脚本,用于从数组中的元素中进行各种组合。

ar = ["a","b","c","d"]

此时我可以制作这些组合:

["a"],["a","b"],["a","b","c"],["a","b","c","d"],["b"],["b","c"],["b","c","d"],["c"],["c","d"],["d"]

这没关系,但我找不到搜索这些组合的方法,例如["a","c"] or ["a","c","d"] or ["a","d"]等......

现在我的代码如下:

def combinaties(array)
  combinaties = []
  i=0
  while i <= array.length-1
    combinaties << array[i]
    unless i == array.length-1
      array[(i+1)..(array.length-1)].each{|volgend_element|
        combinaties<<(combinaties.last.dup<<volgend_element)
      }
    end
    i+=1
  end
end

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:9)

Functional方法(需要Ruby&gt; = 1.9)来创建数组的powerset(除了你似乎不需要的空元素):

xs = ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
yss = 1.upto(xs.size).flat_map do |n|
  xs.combination(n).to_a
end

#[
#  ["a"], ["b"], ["c"], ["d"],
#  ["a", "b"], ["a", "c"], ["a", "d"], ["b", "c"], ["b", "d"], ["c", "d"],
#  ["a", "b", "c"], ["a", "b", "d"], ["a", "c", "d"], ["b", "c", "d"],
#  ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
#]

答案 1 :(得分:4)

这些组合与[1 ..(2 ^ m - 1)]中的数字之间存在微不足道的对应关系(双射)(m是数组长度)。

考虑这样的数字n。它的二进制表示有m位数(包括前导零)。 1的数字位置是相应组合中元素的索引。

代码如下:

def combinations(array)
  m = array.length
  (1...2**m).map do | n |
    (0...m).select { | i | n[i] == 1 }.map { | i | array[i] }
  end
end

答案 2 :(得分:2)

或者在红宝石1.9中

%w(a b c d e).combination(3).to_a

将为您提供尺寸为3的所有组合。