我有一个这样的输入文件:
SomeSection.Foo
OtherSection.Foo
OtherSection.Goo
...还有另一个文件描述了哪个对象属于每个部分:
[SomeSection]
Blah
Foo
[OtherSection]
Foo
Goo
所需的输出是:
SomeSection.2 // that's because Foo appears 2nd in SomeSection
OtherSection.1 // that's because Foo appears 1st in OtherSection
OtherSection.2 // that's because Goo appears 2nd in OtherSection
(部分和对象的数量和名称是可变的)
你怎么在awk做这样的事情?
提前致谢, 阿德里安。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
一种可能性:
script.awk 的内容(带注释):
## When 'FNR == NR', the first input file is in process.
## If line begins with '[', get the section string and reset the position
## of its objects.
FNR == NR && $0 ~ /^\[/ {
object = substr( $0, 2, length($0) - 2 )
pos = 0
next
}
## This section process the objects of each section. It saves them in
## an array. Variable 'pos' increments with each object processed.
FNR == NR {
arr_obj[object, $0] = ++pos
next
}
## This section process second file. It splits line in '.' to find second
## part in the array and prints all.
FNR < NR {
ret = split( $0, obj, /\./ )
if ( ret != 2 ) {
next
}
printf "%s.%d\n", obj[1], arr_obj[ obj[1] SUBSEP obj[2] ]
}
运行脚本(重要的是输入文件的顺序, object.txt 包含带有对象的部分和 input.txt 调用):
awk -f script.awk object.txt input.txt
结果:
SomeSection.2
OtherSection.1
OtherSection.2
编辑撰写评论中的问题:
我不是专家,但我会尝试解释我是如何理解的:
SUBSEP
是一个字符,用于在要使用不同的值作为键时分隔数组中的索引。默认情况下为\034
,但您可以将其修改为RS
或FS
。
在指令arr_obj[object, $0] = ++pos
中,逗号将所有值与SUBSEP
的值连接起来,因此在这种情况下会导致:
arr_obj[SomeSection\034Blah] = 1
在脚本结束时,我使用明确的变量arr_obj[ obj[1] SUBSEP obj[2]
访问索引,但其含义与上一节中的arr_obj[object, $0]
相同。
您还可以访问此索引的每个部分,并使用SUBSEP变量将其拆分,如下所示:
for (key in arr_obj) { ## Assign 'string\034string' to 'key' variable
split( key, key_parts, SUBSEP ) ## Split 'key' with the content of SUBSEP variable.
...
}
结果为:
key_parts[1] -> SomeSection
key_parts[2] -> Blah
答案 1 :(得分:2)
这个awk行应该做的工作:
awk 'BEGIN{FS="[\\.\\]\\[]"}
NR==FNR{ if(NF>1){ i=1; idx=$2; }else{ s[idx"."$1]=i; i++; } next; }
{ if($0 in s) print $1"."s[$0] } ' f2 input
见下面的测试:
kent$ head input f2
==> input <==
SomeSection.Foo
OtherSection.Foo
OtherSection.Goo
==> f2 <==
[SomeSection]
Blah
Foo
[OtherSection]
Foo
Goo
kent$ awk 'BEGIN{FS="[\\.\\]\\[]"}
NR==FNR{ if(NF>1){ i=1; idx=$2; }else{ s[idx"."$1]=i; i++; } next; }
{ if($0 in s) print $1"."s[$0] } ' f2 input
SomeSection.2
OtherSection.1
OtherSection.2