Question

我一直在尝试构建一个正则表达式来执行以下操作：

查找xml标签中包含的“alphabet”字样，搜索将匹配以下内容：

<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>
<hw>Al"pha*be`t</hw>        
<hw>alphabet</hw>    
<hw>al*pha*bet</hw>        
<hw>al"pha"b"et</hw>

这个单词可以用3个特殊的字符分隔：“*`，搜索必须不区分大小写。你能不能通过建立一个特殊搜索单词字母表的正则表达式帮助我，无论是否有任何上面提到的特殊字符。

Answer 1

这可以解决，不应该使用正则表达式来解析xml / html等。

捕获简单样本总是更容易，然后在回调中对它们进行子处理在这种情况下捕获（[alphabet“*`，] +），然后去除不需要的字符，然后进行比较。

Perl示例，Perl / PHP / C＃等的概念是相同的......

$sample = '
  <hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>
  <hw>Al"pha*be`t</hw>        
  <hw>alphabet</hw>    
  <hw>al*pha*bet</hw>        
  <hw>al"pha"b"et</hw>
';

$specialword = 'alphabet';
$uc_specialword = uc( $specialword );

while ($sample =~ m{<([A-Za-z_:][\w:.-]*)(?:\s+(?:".*?"|\'.*?\'|[^>]*?)+)?\s*(?<!/)>([$specialword"*`,]+)</\1\s*>}isg)
{
    ($matchstr, $checkstr) = ($&, $2);
    $checkstr =~ s/["*`,]//g;
    if (uc($checkstr) eq $uc_specialword) {
       print "Found '$checkstr' in '$matchstr'\n";
    } 
}

扩展正则表达式：

m{   # Regex delim
<                         # Open tag
  ([A-Za-z_:][\w:.-]*)                  # Capture 1, the tag name
  (?:\s+(?:".*?"|\'.*?\'|[^>]*?)+)?\s*  # optional attr/val pairs
  (?<!/)
>
([alphabet"*`,]+)        # Capture 2, class of special characters allowed, 'alphabet' plus "*`,
</\1\s*>                 # Close tag, backref to tag name (group 1)

}xisg  # Regex delim. Options: expanded, case insensitive, single line, global

输出：

Found 'Alphabet' in '<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>'
Found 'Alphabet' in '<hw>Al"pha*be`t</hw>'
Found 'alphabet' in '<hw>alphabet</hw>'
Found 'alphabet' in '<hw>al*pha*bet</hw>'
Found 'alphabet' in '<hw>al"pha"b"et</hw>'

PHP示例

使用preg_match()可以在http://www.ideone.com/8EBpx

找到

<?php

  $sample = '
    <hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>
    <hw>Al"pha*be`t</hw>        
    <hw>alphabet</hw>    
    <hw>al*pha*bet</hw>        
    <hw>al"pha"b"et</hw>
  ';

  $specialword = 'alphabet';
  $uc_specialword = strtoupper( $specialword );
  $regex = '~<([A-Za-z_:][\w:.-]*)(?:\s+(?:".*?"|\'.*?\'|[^>]*?)+)?\s*(?<!/)>([' . $specialword. '"*`,]+)</\1\s*>~xis';
  $pos = 0;

  while ( preg_match($regex, $sample, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $pos) )
  {
     $matchstr = $matches[0][0];
     $checkstr = $matches[2][0];

     $checkstr = preg_replace( '/[" * `,]/', "", $checkstr);
     if ( strtoupper( $checkstr ) == $uc_specialword )
         print "Found '$checkstr' in '$matchstr'\n";

     $pos = $matches[0][1] + strlen( $matchstr );
  }

?>

使用preg_match_all()可以在http://www.ideone.com/C6HeT

找到

<?php

  $sample = '
    <hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>
    <hw>Al"pha*be`t</hw>        
    <hw>alphabet</hw>    
    <hw>al*pha*bet</hw>        
    <hw>al"pha"b"et</hw>
  ';

  $specialword = 'alphabet';
  $uc_specialword = strtoupper( $specialword );
  $regex = '~<([A-Za-z_:][\w:.-]*)(?:\s+(?:".*?"|\'.*?\'|[^>]*?)+)?\s*(?<!/)>([' . $specialword. '"*`,]+)</\1\s*>~xis';

  preg_match_all($regex, $sample, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);

  foreach ($matches as $match)
  {
     $matchstr = $match[0];
     $checkstr = $match[2];

     $checkstr = preg_replace( '/[" * `,]/', "", $checkstr);
     if ( strtoupper( $checkstr ) == $uc_specialword )
         print "Found '$checkstr' in '$matchstr'\n";
  }

?>

Answer 2

你可以试试这个

a([`"\*])*l([`"\*])*p([`"\*])*h([`"\*])*a([`"\*])*b([`"\*])*e([`"\*])*t

或者这个

>\s*a([`"\*])*l([`"\*])*p([`"\*])*h([`"\*])*a([`"\*])*b([`"\*])*e([`"\*])*t\s*<

修改

抱歉忘了逃避*

Answer 3

我得到的一个适用于您列出的案例：

/<[a-zA-Z]+>al"*\**pha\**\"*b\"*e`*t<\/[a-zA-Z]+>/i

结帐http://www.rubular.com/。它有正则表达式的实时测试。

正则表达式匹配由字符分隔并由xml标签括起来的单词

3 个答案: