具有Nullable值的SqlParameter在ExecuteNonQuery时给出错误?

时间:2009-05-14 13:32:55

标签: c# .net sql-server nullable

我有一个sql查询,其参数在数据库(Sql Server)中可以为null。更新方法正常工作,直到该用户在字段中放置一个空白,这将为DataTime对象生成一个空值(此对象可以为空)。问题出在dbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

以下是我为此字段构建参数的方法:

    IDataParameter dbParam_au_id = new SqlParameter();
    dbParam_au_id.ParameterName = "@birthday";
    dbParam_au_id.Value = birthday;
    dbParam_au_id.DbType = DbType.DateTime;
    dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_au_id);

我尝试将生日的空值转换为DBNull.Value,如下所示:

    IDataParameter dbParam_au_id = new SqlParameter();
    dbParam_au_id.ParameterName = "@birthday";
    dbParam_au_id.Value = birthday??DBNull.Value;
    dbParam_au_id.DbType = DbType.DateTime;
    dbCommand.Parameters.Add(dbParam_au_id);

但是这段代码无法编译,我收到错误:

  

错误1运营商'??'不能应用于'System.DateTime?'类型的操作数和'System.DBNull'

有什么想法吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:56)

类型不兼容。尝试这样的事情:

dbParam_au_id.Value = (object)birthday ?? DBNull.Value;

答案 1 :(得分:14)

如果第一次正确编写了SqlParameter类...... C#null值将作为DBNull.Value处理。这很直观,所以OF COURSE将SqlParameter值设置为null在功能上等同于从SqlParameterCollection中删除它。

要纠正这个荒谬的API设计错误,请创建自己的AddParameter方法(带有重载),该方法采用SqlParameterCollection,String(参数名称)和Object(参数值)。

#region Add by Name/Value.
/// <summary>
/// Adds an input parameter with a name and value.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, object value )
{
    parameters.Add( new SqlParameter( name, value ?? DBNull.Value ) );
}

/// <summary>
/// Adds a parameter with a name and value.  You specify the input/output direction.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.  If null, this is automatically converted to DBNull.Value.</param>
/// <param name="direction">The ParameterDirection of the parameter to add (input, output, input/output, or return value).</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, object value, ParameterDirection direction )
{
    SqlParameter parameter = new SqlParameter( name, value ?? DBNull.Value );
    parameter.Direction = direction;
    parameters.Add( parameter );
}
#endregion

#region Add by Name, Type, and Value.
/// <summary>
/// Adds an input parameter with a name, type, and value.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="type">Specifies the SqlDbType of the parameter.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.  If null, this is automatically converted to DBNull.Value.</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, SqlDbType type, object value )
{
    AddParameter( parameters, name, type, 0, value ?? DBNull.Value, ParameterDirection.Input );
}

/// <summary>
/// Adds a parameter with a name, type, and value.  You specify the input/output direction.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="type">Specifies the SqlDbType of the parameter.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.  If null, this is automatically converted to DBNull.Value.</param>
/// <param name="direction">The ParameterDirection of the parameter to add (input, output, input/output, or return value).</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, SqlDbType type, object value, ParameterDirection direction )
{
    AddParameter( parameters, name, type, 0, value ?? DBNull.Value, direction );
}
#endregion

#region Add by Name, Type, Size, and Value.
/// <summary>
/// Adds an input parameter with a name, type, size, and value.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="type">Specifies the SqlDbType of the parameter.</param>
/// <param name="size">Specifies the size of the parameter for parameter types of variable size.  Set to zero to use the default size.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.  If null, this is automatically converted to DBNull.Value.</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, SqlDbType type, int size, object value )
{
    AddParameter( parameters, name, type, size, value ?? DBNull.Value, ParameterDirection.Input );
}

/// <summary>
/// Adds a parameter with a name, type, size, and value.  You specify the input/output direction.  Automatically handles conversion of null object values to DBNull.Value.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameters">SqlParameterCollection from an SqlCommand instance.</param>
/// <param name="name">The name of the parameter to add.</param>
/// <param name="type">Specifies the SqlDbType of the parameter.</param>
/// <param name="size">Specifies the size of the parameter for parameter types of variable size.  Set to zero to use the default size.</param>
/// <param name="value">The value of the parameter to add.  If null, this is automatically converted to DBNull.Value.</param>
/// <param name="direction">The ParameterDirection of the parameter to add (input, output, input/output, or return value).</param>
private static void AddParameter( SqlParameterCollection parameters, string name, SqlDbType type, int size, object value, ParameterDirection direction )
{
    SqlParameter parameter;
    if (size < 1)
        parameter = new SqlParameter( name, type );
    else
        parameter = new SqlParameter( name, type, size );
    parameter.Value = value ?? DBNull.Value;
    parameter.Direction = direction;
    parameters.Add( parameter );
}
#endregion

正如您所看到的,在该方法(和重载)中,值已经作为对象输入,我使用“value ?? DBNull.Value”语句来强制执行null = DBNull.Value规则。

现在,当您将没有值的空对象引用或可空类型传递给AddParameter方法时,您将获得预期的直观行为,其中DBNull.Value将传递给查询。

我无法想象为什么API按原样实现,因为如果我想要忽略一个参数,我就不会添加它然后将它的值设置为null。我要么不首先添加它,要么我将从SqlParameterCollection中删除它。如果我添加一个参数,并设置它的值(即使设置为null),我希望它在查询中是USED,我希望null表示空值。

我听说他们并没有因为性能原因而以“正确”的方式实现它,但这很荒谬,正如所示,因为调用SqlParameterCollection.AddWithValue方法无论如何都会将所有内容转换为对象,并且转换Nullable实例没有任何价值对于一个空对象是C#语言的一个固有部分,它根本不是一个性能命中。微软应该真的解决这个问题。