如何使用__setattr__& __getattr__是否有地图INI值?

时间:2009-05-13 22:25:58

标签: python configuration-files

我想将INI文件映射为python对象。所以如果文件有:

[UserOptions]
SampleFile = sample.txt
SamplePort = 80
SampleInt = 1
Sample = Aja
SampleDate = 10/02/2008

然后我想:

c = Configuration('sample.ini')

c.UserOptions.SamplePort = 90

我正在寻找 setattr ,但我收到了一个递归错误。

这就是我所拥有的:

class Configuration:
    def __init__ (self, fileName):
        cp = SafeConfigParser()
        cp.read(fileName)
        self.__parser = cp
        self.fileName = fileName

    def __getattr__ (self, name):
        if name in self.__parser.sections():
            return Section(name, self.__parser)
        else:
            return None

    def __str__ (self):
        p = self.__parser
        result = []
        result.append('<Configuration from %s>' % self.fileName)
        for s in p.sections():
            result.append('[%s]' % s)
            for o in p.options(s):
                result.append('%s=%s' % (o, p.get(s, o)))
        return '\n'.join(result)

class Section:
    def __init__ (self, name, parser):
        self.__name = name
        self.__parser = parser

    def __getattr__ (self, name):
        if self.__dict__.has_key(name):       # any normal attributes are handled normally
            return __getattr__(self, item)
        else:
            return self.__parser.get(self.name, name)

    def __setattr__(self, item, value):
        """Maps attributes to values.
        Only if we are initialised
        """
        if self.__dict__.has_key(item):       # any normal attributes are handled normally
            dict.__setattr__(self, item, value)
        else:
            self.__parser.set('UserOptions',item, value)

现在我想知道为什么在self.__parser.set('UserOptions',item, value)我得到了错误。我读了蟒蛇文档,我不知道该怎么做。我怀疑我需要存储一个带有字段名称的字典,然后先看一下但是怎么样?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

您正在尝试按要求获取这些部分。但是迭代部分和选项并在__init__中将它们添加为属性要容易得多。我编辑了我的例子来支持setattr。您的问题已解释为here您要在__setattr__中分配属性,而应使用__dict__代替

from ConfigParser import  SafeConfigParser

class Section:
    def __init__(self, name, parser):
        self.__dict__['name'] = name
        self.__dict__['parser'] = parser

    def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
        self.__dict__[attr] = str(value)
        self.parser.set(self.name, attr, str(value))

class Configuration(object):
    def __init__(self, fileName):
        self.__parser = SafeConfigParser()
        self.__parser.read(fileName)
        self.fileName = fileName
        for section in self.__parser.sections():
            setattr(self, section, Section(section, self.__parser))
            for option in self.__parser.options(section):
                setattr(getattr(self, section), option,
                        self.__parser.get(section, option))

    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        self.__parser.add_section(attr)
        setattr(self, attr, Section(attr, self.__parser))
        return getattr(self, attr)

    def save(self):
        f = open(self.fileName, 'w')
        self.__parser.write(f)
        f.close()

c = Configuration('config.ini')

print dir(c) -> will print all sections
print dir(c.UserOptions) -> will print all user options
print c.UserOptions.sampledate

c.new.value = 10
c.save()

答案 1 :(得分:4)

您的问题出在Section.__init__。当您设置self.__name = name时,它会调用您的__setattr__方法,但在__dict__中找不到密钥,因此会转到

 self.__parser.set('UserOptions',item, value)

所以现在它需要self.__parser

尚未设定。所以它试图使用__getattr__来获取它。它发送它寻找self.__parser。还没有设定。所以它试图使用__getattr__来获取它。所以......你明白了: - )

避免这种情况的一种方法是在Section.__setattr__中添加条件

if item.startswith('_') or self.__dict__.has_key(item):
   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   ...

这将确保在初始化时正确设置__name__parser