我遇到了一段JavaScript代码问题 - 下面显示了一个代码段。基本上,代码向rails控制器发出getJSON请求,然后处理返回的数据,构建HTML表,然后将其嵌入到Div中。它不起作用。我试过通过警报等来踩过它 - 一切都无济于事。从rails控制器检索数据,我可以验证。我已经放置了一段代码,用于在Rails欢迎页面的niddle中发布和处理getJSON请求 - 这不是我的全部。代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Ruby on Rails: Welcome aboard</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen">
body {
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 25px;
padding: 0;
background-color: #f0f0f0;
font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Bitstream Vera Sans", "Verdana";
font-size: 13px;
color: #333;
}
h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: #000;
}
a {color: #03c}
a:hover {
background-color: #03c;
color: white;
text-decoration: none;
}
#page {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
width: 750px;
margin: 0;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
#content {
float: left;
background-color: white;
border: 3px solid #aaa;
border-top: none;
padding: 25px;
width: 500px;
}
#sidebar {
float: right;
width: 175px;
}
#footer {
clear: both;
}
#header, #about, #getting-started {
padding-left: 75px;
padding-right: 30px;
}
#header {
background-image: url("images/rails.png");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: top left;
height: 64px;
}
#header h1, #header h2 {margin: 0}
#header h2 {
color: #888;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 16px;
}
#about h3 {
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 14px;
}
#about-content {
background-color: #ffd;
border: 1px solid #fc0;
margin-left: -55px;
margin-right: -10px;
}
#about-content table {
margin-top: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
font-size: 11px;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
#about-content td {
padding: 10px;
padding-top: 3px;
padding-bottom: 3px;
}
#about-content td.name {color: #555}
#about-content td.value {color: #000}
#about-content ul {
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
}
#about-content.failure {
background-color: #fcc;
border: 1px solid #f00;
}
#about-content.failure p {
margin: 0;
padding: 10px;
}
#getting-started {
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
margin-top: 25px;
padding-top: 15px;
}
#getting-started h1 {
margin: 0;
font-size: 20px;
}
#getting-started h2 {
margin: 0;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: normal;
color: #333;
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
#getting-started ol {
margin-left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#getting-started li {
font-size: 18px;
color: #888;
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
#getting-started li h2 {
margin: 0;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 18px;
color: #333;
}
#getting-started li p {
color: #555;
font-size: 13px;
}
#sidebar ul {
margin-left: 0;
padding-left: 0;
}
#sidebar ul h3 {
margin-top: 25px;
font-size: 16px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}
#sidebar li {
list-style-type: none;
}
#sidebar ul.links li {
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
<script src="/javascripts/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function about() {
info = document.getElementById('about-content');
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{ xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); }
else
{ xhr = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }
xhr.open("GET","rails/info/properties",false);
xhr.send("");
info.innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
info.style.display = 'block'
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
alert('Start of JSON Routine');
$(document).ready( function() {
alert('Attach a JQuery Live event to the button');
$('#getdata-button').live('click', function() {
alert("Get JSON data");
$.getJSON('http://0.0.0.0:3000/getjson/1', function(data) {
alert('Processing returned JSON data');
var tmp = '<table border=1>';
for (i=0;i<data.length;i++)
{
tmp = tmp +'<tr>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.price + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.title + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.author + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.ISBN + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.yearPublished + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.volume + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.publisher + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + data[i].book.edition + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td><a href=# onclick=\"alert('+ i +')\">View</a></td>';
tmp = tmp + '</tr>';
}
tmp = tmp + '</table>';
alert('About to insert Table into DOM in content Div');
$('#showdata').html(tmp);
}); //getJSON end
}); //getdata-button end
}); //document.ready end
alert('End of JSON routine');
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="page">
<div id="sidebar">
<ul id="sidebar-items">
<li>
<h3>Browse the documentation</h3>
<ul class="links">
<li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>
<li><a href="http://stdlib.rubyonrails.org/">Ruby standard library</a></li>
<li><a href="http://corelib.rubyonrails.org/">Ruby core</a></li>
<li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a href="#" id="getdata-button">Get JSON Data</a>
<script>alert("Before the JMC div");</script>
<div id="showdata">JMC</div>
<script>alert("Past the JMC div");</script>
<div id="content">
<h1>Welcome aboard</h1>
<h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>
</div>
<div id="about">
<h3><a href="rails/info/properties" onclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>
<div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>
</div>
<div id="getting-started">
<h1>Getting started</h1>
<h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>
<ol>
<li>
<h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>
<p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Set up a default route and remove or rename this file</h2>
<p>Routes are set up in config/routes.rb.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h2>Create your database</h2>
<p>Run <code>rake db:migrate</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <code>config/database.yml</code> with your username and password.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer"> </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
以下是我直接从浏览器调用URL / Controller操作时得到的JSON数据:
[
{
"book":{
"price":"25.52",
"created_at":"2011-10-27T22:35:04Z",
"ISBN":"",
"author":"Obie Fernandez",
"title":"Rails 3 Way, The (2nd Edition)",
"updated_at":"2011-10-27T22:35:04Z",
"yearPublished":"2010",
"id":1,
"publisher":"Addison-Wesley",
"volume":"2",
"edition":"second edition"
}
},
{
"book":{
"price":"23.94",
"created_at":"2011-10-27T22:39:37Z",
"ISBN":"",
"author":"Michael Hartl",
"title":"Ruby on Rails 3 Tutorial: Learn Rails by Example",
"updated_at":"2011-10-27T22:39:37Z",
"yearPublished":"2010",
"id":2,
"publisher":"Addison-Wesley",
"volume":"",
"edition":"first edition"
}
},
{
"book":{
"price":"24.97",
"created_at":"2011-10-27T22:42:42Z",
"ISBN":"",
"author":"Cloves Carneiro Jr. and Rida Al Barazi",
"title":"Beginning Rails 3 ",
"updated_at":"2011-10-27T22:42:42Z",
"yearPublished":"2009",
"id":3,
"publisher":"Apress",
"volume":"",
"edition":"first edition"
}
}
]
其他可能有用的东西。 Rails日志显示正确处理的请求。
当我单步执行脚本时,警报会以一个starnge序列出现:
我得到的第一个警告是“这里是JSON Routine的开始”,然后是“完成文档就绪例程”,然后是“将JQuery Live事件附加到按钮”。然后我单击getdata按钮,然后在URL的末尾出现#,然后没有。
将剧本转移到头部 - 同样的结果。
将#content转换为#showdata - 结果相同。
最终编辑:
由于许多人的投入,问题得以解决。
存在许多问题,但最终问题是同一个原因错误,因为getJSON请求中的URL与发出请求的URL不同。请求的格式为0.0.0.0:3000/getjson/1,而请求的URL为localhost:3000 / getjson / 1。使用getJSON很难发现并且缺少返回/状态信息使其变得更加困难。无论如何,感谢所有贡献者,他们都做出了有效的贡献。我希望有一天我有专业知识为自己做出贡献。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
这与同源策略(跨域阻止)最相关,可以使用JSONP调用解决。在网址末尾添加?callback=?
:
$(document).ready( function() {
alert('Attach a JQuery Live event to the button');
$('#getdata-button').live('click', function() {
$.getJSONP('http://0.0.0.0:3000/getjson/1?callback=?, function(data) {
// ... Omiting for brevity
$('#content').html(tmp);
});
});
});
答案 1 :(得分:0)
$('#content')
似乎不存在。
修改
再看看,似乎问题取决于按钮click
事件未触发。由于这是通过live
添加的,并且正如另一个用户发布的那样,可以使用jsfiddle:我想知道你使用的是什么版本的jQuery?看起来确实很古老。尝试升级到更新版本。
答案 2 :(得分:0)
您的网页正在刷新,数据可能会被删除。尝试:
$('#getdata-button').live('click', function(evt) {
evt.preventDefault();
}
答案 3 :(得分:0)
好的Joe,你需要从最简单的情况开始......清理你所有的HTML并摆脱你不需要的一切。我测试了这个,并验证它可以在我的本地Rails服务器上运行。
我使用以下方法模拟了Rails控制器操作以返回您的JSON数据:
def getjson
json_data = '[{ "book": { "price": 18.75, "title": "Moby Dick", "author": "Herman Melville", "ISBN": "0393972836", "yearPublished": 2001, "volume": 1, "publisher": "W. W. Norton & Company", "edition": "2nd Edition" }}]'
render :json => json_data, :status => :ok
end
您应该不需要更改Rails控制器代码,因为您说它正在运行。我只想告诉你我是如何嘲笑它以供你将来参考的。
现在,用以下内容替换HTML文件的内容:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSON Test example</title>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function() {
$('#getdata-button').live('click', function() {
// clear out the old data:
$('#content').html('');
alert("Getting JSON data");
$.ajax({
dataType: 'json',
type: 'GET',
url: '/getjson/1',
success: function(json) {
console.log(json);
alert('Processing returned JSON data');
var tmp = '<table border=1>';
for (i = 0; i < json.length; i++) {
tmp = tmp + '<tr>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.price + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.title + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.author + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.ISBN + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.yearPublished + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.volume + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.publisher + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td>' + json[i].book.edition + '</td>';
tmp = tmp + '<td><a href=# onclick=\"alert(' + i + ')\">View</a></td>';
tmp = tmp + '</tr>';
}
tmp = tmp + '</table>';
alert('About to insert the following data into DOM: ' + tmp);
// Show the div we are looking for in the browser's console
console.log($('#content'));
$('#content').html(tmp);
},
error: function(response) {
alert('There was an error: ' + response.status);
}
}); // $.ajax end
}); //getdata-button end
}); //document.ready end
</script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#" id="getdata-button">Get JSON Data</a>
<br/><br/>
<div id="content">The data will be placed here.</div>
</body>
</html>
请注意,我使用的是$.ajax
方法,它允许我指定错误处理程序回调。我建议使用这种方式,直到你对jQuery更熟悉,并确信你可以开始使用其他AJAX助手。
我希望这有帮助!