如何更改“ALL”的默认过滤器选项？我有一个名为status的字段，其中包含三个值：activate，pending和rejected。当我在Django admin中使用list_filter时，默认情况下，过滤器设置为“全部”，但我希望默认情况下将其设置为待处理。
答案 0 :(得分：87)
为了实现此目的，和在侧边栏中有一个可用的“全部”链接（即显示全部而不是显示待定的链接），您需要创建自定义列表过滤器，继承来自django.contrib.admin.filters.SimpleListFilter并默认过滤'待定'。这些方面应该有用：
from datetime import date
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.contrib.admin import SimpleListFilter
class StatusFilter(SimpleListFilter):
title = _('Status')
parameter_name = 'status'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return (
(None, _('Pending')),
('activate', _('Activate')),
('rejected', _('Rejected')),
('all', _('All')),
)
def choices(self, cl):
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': self.value() == lookup,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({
self.parameter_name: lookup,
}, []),
'display': title,
}
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value() in ('activate', 'rejected'):
return queryset.filter(status=self.value())
elif self.value() == None:
return queryset.filter(status='pending')
class Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = [StatusFilter]
编辑：需要Django 1.4（感谢Simon）
答案 1 :(得分：43)
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
if not request.GET.has_key('decommissioned__exact'):
q = request.GET.copy()
q['decommissioned__exact'] = 'N'
request.GET = q
request.META['QUERY_STRING'] = request.GET.urlencode()
return super(MyModelAdmin,self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
答案 2 :(得分：17)
通过ha22109的上述答案进行了修改，以便通过比较HTTP_REFERER和PATH_INFO来选择“全部”。
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
test = request.META['HTTP_REFERER'].split(request.META['PATH_INFO'])
if test[-1] and not test[-1].startswith('?'):
if not request.GET.has_key('decommissioned__exact'):
q = request.GET.copy()
q['decommissioned__exact'] = 'N'
request.GET = q
request.META['QUERY_STRING'] = request.GET.urlencode()
return super(MyModelAdmin,self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
答案 3 :(得分：15)
我知道这个问题现在很老了，但它仍然有效。我相信这是最正确的做法。它与Greg的方法基本相同，但是可以作为一个易于重复使用的可扩展类。
from django.contrib.admin import SimpleListFilter
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
from django.utils.translation import ugettext as _
class DefaultListFilter(SimpleListFilter):
all_value = '_all'
def default_value(self):
raise NotImplementedError()
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.parameter_name in request.GET and request.GET[self.parameter_name] == self.all_value:
return queryset
if self.parameter_name in request.GET:
return queryset.filter(**{self.parameter_name:request.GET[self.parameter_name]})
return queryset.filter(**{self.parameter_name:self.default_value()})
def choices(self, cl):
yield {
'selected': self.value() == self.all_value,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({self.parameter_name: self.all_value}, []),
'display': _('All'),
}
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': self.value() == force_text(lookup) or (self.value() == None and force_text(self.default_value()) == force_text(lookup)),
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({
self.parameter_name: lookup,
}, []),
'display': title,
}
class StatusFilter(DefaultListFilter):
title = _('Status ')
parameter_name = 'status__exact'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return ((0,'activate'), (1,'pending'), (2,'rejected'))
def default_value(self):
return 1
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (StatusFilter,)
答案 4 :(得分：6)
这是我使用重定向的通用解决方案，它只是检查是否有任何GET参数，如果不存在，则使用默认的get参数重定向。我还有一个list_filter设置，所以它选择了它并显示默认值。
from django.shortcuts import redirect
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_filter = ('status', )
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
referrer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', '')
get_param = "status__exact=5"
if len(request.GET) == 0 and '?' not in referrer:
return redirect("{url}?{get_parms}".format(url=request.path, get_parms=get_param))
return super(MyModelAdmin,self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
唯一需要注意的是当您直接使用＆＃34;？＆＃34;在url中，没有设置HTTP_REFERER，因此它将使用默认参数和重定向。这对我来说没什么问题，当你点击管理过滤器时效果很好。
<强>更新：
为了解决这个问题，我最终编写了一个自定义过滤器功能，简化了changelist_view功能。这是过滤器：
class MyModelStatusFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title = _('Status')
parameter_name = 'status'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin): # Available Values / Status Codes etc..
return (
(8, _('All')),
(0, _('Incomplete')),
(5, _('Pending')),
(6, _('Selected')),
(7, _('Accepted')),
)
def choices(self, cl): # Overwrite this method to prevent the default "All"
from django.utils.encoding import force_text
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': self.value() == force_text(lookup),
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({
self.parameter_name: lookup,
}, []),
'display': title,
}
def queryset(self, request, queryset): # Run the queryset based on your lookup values
if self.value() is None:
return queryset.filter(status=5)
elif int(self.value()) == 0:
return queryset.filter(status__lte=4)
elif int(self.value()) == 8:
return queryset.all()
elif int(self.value()) >= 5:
return queryset.filter(status=self.value())
return queryset.filter(status=5)
如果没有，则changelist_view现在只传递默认参数。我们的想法是通过使用no get参数来摆脱泛型过滤器功能以查看所有内容。要查看我为此目的分配状态= 8的所有内容。：
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_filter = ('status', )
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
if len(request.GET) == 0:
get_param = "status=5"
return redirect("{url}?{get_parms}".format(url=request.path, get_parms=get_param))
return super(MyModelAdmin, self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
答案 5 :(得分：4)
def changelist_view( self, request, extra_context = None ):
default_filter = False
try:
ref = request.META['HTTP_REFERER']
pinfo = request.META['PATH_INFO']
qstr = ref.split( pinfo )
if len( qstr ) < 2:
default_filter = True
except:
default_filter = True
if default_filter:
q = request.GET.copy()
q['registered__exact'] = '1'
request.GET = q
request.META['QUERY_STRING'] = request.GET.urlencode()
return super( InterestAdmin, self ).changelist_view( request, extra_context = extra_context )
答案 6 :(得分：3)
您只需使用"list index out of range"
或return queryset.filter()以及SimpleListFilter的覆盖方法
if self.value() is None答案 7 :(得分：2)
请注意，如果您不想预先选择过滤器值，而是希望在将数据显示在管理员之前对其进行预过滤，则应改为覆盖ModelAdmin.queryset()方法。
答案 8 :(得分：2)
使用DjangoChoices，Python＆gt; = 2.5，当然Django＆gt; = 1.4，Greg的回答略有改善。
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.contrib.admin import SimpleListFilter
class OrderStatusFilter(SimpleListFilter):
title = _('Status')
parameter_name = 'status__exact'
default_status = OrderStatuses.closed
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return (('all', _('All')),) + OrderStatuses.choices
def choices(self, cl):
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': self.value() == lookup if self.value() else lookup == self.default_status,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({self.parameter_name: lookup}, []),
'display': title,
}
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value() in OrderStatuses.values:
return queryset.filter(status=self.value())
elif self.value() is None:
return queryset.filter(status=self.default_status)
class Admin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = [OrderStatusFilter]
感谢Greg提供了很好的解决方案！
答案 9 :(得分：1)
我知道这不是最好的解决方案，但我更改了管理模板中的index.html，第25行和第37行，如下所示：
25：<th scope="row"><a href="{{ model.admin_url }}{% ifequal model.name "yourmodelname" %}?yourflag_flag__exact=1{% endifequal %}">{{ model.name }}</a></th>
37：<td><a href="{{ model.admin_url }}{% ifequal model.name "yourmodelname" %}?yourflag__exact=1{% endifequal %}" class="changelink">{% trans 'Change' %}</a></td>
答案 10 :(得分：1)
我必须进行修改才能使过滤正常工作。当页面加载时，以前的解决方案对我有用。如果执行了“操作”，则过滤器将返回“全部”而非默认值。此解决方案使用默认筛选器加载管理员更改页面，但在页面上发生其他活动时也会维护筛选器更改或当前筛选器。我没有测试过所有情况，但实际上它可能会限制默认过滤器的设置仅在页面加载时发生。
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
default_filter = False
try:
ref = request.META['HTTP_REFERER']
pinfo = request.META['PATH_INFO']
qstr = ref.split(pinfo)
querystr = request.META['QUERY_STRING']
# Check the QUERY_STRING value, otherwise when
# trying to filter the filter gets reset below
if querystr is None:
if len(qstr) < 2 or qstr[1] == '':
default_filter = True
except:
default_filter = True
if default_filter:
q = request.GET.copy()
q['registered__isnull'] = 'True'
request.GET = q
request.META['QUERY_STRING'] = request.GET.urlencode()
return super(MyAdmin, self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
答案 11 :(得分：1)
这是我能够生成的最干净的过滤器，它具有重新定义的“全部”和已选择的默认值。
如果默认情况下向我显示当前正在发生的旅程。
class HappeningTripFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
"""
Filter the Trips Happening in the Past, Future or now.
"""
default_value = 'now'
title = 'Happening'
parameter_name = 'happening'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
"""
List the Choices available for this filter.
"""
return (
('all', 'All'),
('future', 'Not yet started'),
('now', 'Happening now'),
('past', 'Already finished'),
)
def choices(self, changelist):
"""
Overwrite this method to prevent the default "All".
"""
value = self.value() or self.default_value
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': value == force_text(lookup),
'query_string': changelist.get_query_string({
self.parameter_name: lookup,
}, []),
'display': title,
}
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
"""
Returns the Queryset depending on the Choice.
"""
value = self.value() or self.default_value
now = timezone.now()
if value == 'future':
return queryset.filter(start_date_time__gt=now)
if value == 'now':
return queryset.filter(start_date_time__lte=now, end_date_time__gte=now)
if value == 'past':
return queryset.filter(end_date_time__lt=now)
return queryset.all()
答案 12 :(得分：0)
有点偏离主题，但我搜索类似的问题让我在这里。我希望按日期进行默认查询（即，如果没有提供输入，只显示timestamp＆＃39;今天＆＃39;）的对象，这会使问题复杂化。以下是我提出的建议：
from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class TodayDefaultDateFieldListFilter(admin.DateFieldListFilter):
""" If no date is query params are provided, query for Today """
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
try:
if not self.used_parameters:
now = datetime.datetime.now().replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
self.used_parameters = {
('%s__lt' % self.field_path): str(now + datetime.timedelta(days=1)),
('%s__gte' % self.field_path): str(now),
}
# Insure that the dropdown reflects 'Today'
self.date_params = self.used_parameters
return queryset.filter(**self.used_parameters)
except ValidationError, e:
raise IncorrectLookupParameters(e)
class ImagesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (
('timestamp', TodayDefaultDateFieldListFilter),
)
这是对默认DateFieldListFilter的简单覆盖。通过设置self.date_params，可确保过滤器下拉列表会更新为与self.used_parameters匹配的任何选项。出于这个原因，您必须确保self.used_parameters正是其中一个下拉选项所使用的内容（即，找出使用＆＃39;今天＆＃39时date_params的内容;或者＆＃39;过去7天＆＃39;并构建self.used_parameters以匹配这些。）
这是为了与Django 1.4.10一起使用而构建的
答案 13 :(得分：0)
这可能是一个老线程，但我想我会添加我的解决方案，因为我无法在谷歌搜索中找到更好的答案。
做什么（不确定它的Deminic Rodger，或ha22109）在ModelAdmin中回答changelist_view
class MyModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (CustomFilter,)
def changelist_view(self, request, extra_context=None):
if not request.GET.has_key('decommissioned__exact'):
q = request.GET.copy()
q['decommissioned__exact'] = 'N'
request.GET = q
request.META['QUERY_STRING'] = request.GET.urlencode()
return super(MyModelAdmin,self).changelist_view(request, extra_context=extra_context)
然后我们需要创建一个自定义的SimpleListFilter
class CustomFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
title = 'Decommissioned'
parameter_name = 'decommissioned' # i chose to change it
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return (
('All', 'all'),
('1', 'Decommissioned'),
('0', 'Active (or whatever)'),
)
# had to override so that we could remove the default 'All' option
# that won't work with our default filter in the ModelAdmin class
def choices(self, cl):
yield {
'selected': self.value() is None,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({}, [self.parameter_name]),
# 'display': _('All'),
}
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': self.value() == lookup,
'query_string': cl.get_query_string({
self.parameter_name: lookup,
}, []),
'display': title,
}
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value() == '1':
return queryset.filter(decommissioned=1)
elif self.value() == '0':
return queryset.filter(decommissioned=0)
return queryset
答案 14 :(得分：0)
创建了一个可重用的Filter子类，其灵感来自此处的某些答案（主要是Greg的答案）。
可重用-可插入任何标准ModelAdmin类
可扩展-易于为QuerySet过滤添加其他/自定义逻辑
易于使用-以最基本的形式，只需实现一个自定义属性和一种自定义方法（除了SimpleListFilter子类所需的那些属性）
直观的管理员-“所有”过滤器链接按预期运行；和其他所有人一样
无重定向-无需检查GET（或其他任何与请求相关的内容，其基本形式）无关的HTTP_REFERER请求有效载荷
无（更改列表）视图操作-且无模板操作（上帝禁止）
（大多数import仅用于类型提示和异常）
from typing import List, Tuple, Any
from django.contrib.admin.filters import SimpleListFilter
from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
from django.contrib.admin.views.main import ChangeList
from django.db.models.query import QuerySet
from django.utils.encoding import force_str
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class PreFilteredListFilter(SimpleListFilter):
# Either set this or override .get_default_value()
default_value = None
no_filter_value = 'all'
no_filter_name = _("All")
# Human-readable title which will be displayed in the
# right admin sidebar just above the filter options.
title = None
# Parameter for the filter that will be used in the URL query.
parameter_name = None
def get_default_value(self):
if self.default_value is not None:
return self.default_value
raise NotImplementedError(
'Either the .default_value attribute needs to be set or '
'the .get_default_value() method must be overridden to '
'return a URL query argument for parameter_name.'
)
def get_lookups(self) -> List[Tuple[Any, str]]:
"""
Returns a list of tuples. The first element in each
tuple is the coded value for the option that will
appear in the URL query. The second element is the
human-readable name for the option that will appear
in the right sidebar.
"""
raise NotImplementedError(
'The .get_lookups() method must be overridden to '
'return a list of tuples (value, verbose value).'
)
# Overriding parent class:
def lookups(self, request, model_admin) -> List[Tuple[Any, str]]:
return [(self.no_filter_value, self.no_filter_name)] + self.get_lookups()
# Overriding parent class:
def queryset(self, request, queryset: QuerySet) -> QuerySet:
"""
Returns the filtered queryset based on the value
provided in the query string and retrievable via
`self.value()`.
"""
if self.value() is None:
return self.get_default_queryset(queryset)
if self.value() == self.no_filter_value:
return queryset.all()
return self.get_filtered_queryset(queryset)
def get_default_queryset(self, queryset: QuerySet) -> QuerySet:
return queryset.filter(**{self.parameter_name: self.get_default_value()})
def get_filtered_queryset(self, queryset: QuerySet) -> QuerySet:
try:
return queryset.filter(**self.used_parameters)
except (ValueError, ValidationError) as e:
# Fields may raise a ValueError or ValidationError when converting
# the parameters to the correct type.
raise IncorrectLookupParameters(e)
# Overriding parent class:
def choices(self, changelist: ChangeList):
"""
Overridden to prevent the default "All".
"""
value = self.value() or force_str(self.get_default_value())
for lookup, title in self.lookup_choices:
yield {
'selected': value == force_str(lookup),
'query_string': changelist.get_query_string({self.parameter_name: lookup}),
'display': title,
}
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import SomeModelWithStatus
class StatusFilter(PreFilteredListFilter):
default_value = SomeModelWithStatus.Status.FOO
title = _('Status')
parameter_name = 'status'
def get_lookups(self):
return SomeModelWithStatus.Status.choices
@admin.register(SomeModelWithStatus)
class SomeModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (StatusFilter, )
希望这对某人有帮助；反馈总是很感激。