Question

我在一个文件夹中有xml文件，我需要从xml文件中提取一些信息并存储在一个hash.My xml文件看起来像这样

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Servicemodule xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
<Service Id="478" Name="Pump Motor">
<Description>It delivers actual pump speed</Description>
<ServiceCustomers>
   <SW Service="SKRM" Path="/work/hr_service.xml"/>
</ServiceCustomers>
<ServiceSuppliers>
   <HW Type="s" Nr="12" Service="1" Path="/work/hardware.xml"/>
   <HW Type="v" Nr="2" Service="1" Path="/work/hardware.xml"/> 
   <HW Type="mt" Nr="1" Service="1" Path="/work/hardware.xml"/>
 </ServiceSuppliers>
 </Service>
 </Servicemodule>

我想将此信息保存在像服务ID这样的散列中作为密钥和扩孔信息作为该密钥的散列值数组。服务客户和供应商元素中的SW和HW属性是散列键（服务ID）的值数组。它对于专家来说很容易，但我是新学员，所以这个问题让我很痛苦。我试过这个

use strict;
use warnings;
use feature ':5.10';
use XML::Twig;
use File::Find;

my $num=0;
my %combeh;
my $dir="V:/Main/work";
find(\&wanted, $dir);
 sub wanted() {
    if ( -f and /(_service\.xml)$/) {# find all the files with a suffix of .xml                                          
 my $tweak_server =sub{
                my @bhi;                                                                                       
    my ($twig, $root) =@_;                                                                                     
    my $code=$root->first_child_text('Service Id');                                                                                 
    my $ser=$root->first_child('ServiceCustomers');                                                                                      
    my $ser_cnt=$root->first_child_text('SW');
     my $ser1=$root->first_child('ServiceSuppliers');                                                                                      
    my $ser1_cnt=$root->first_child_text('HW');                                                                                      
    if ($ser){                                                                                                                      
    push (@bhi, $ser->toString,$File::Find::name);                                                                                                                     
       $combeh{$code}=[@bhi];
         }
       if ($ser1){                                                                                                                     
    push (@bhi, $ser1->toString,$File::Find::name);                                                                                                                    
       $combeh{$code}=[@bhi];           
            };
        my $roots = { Service => 1 };
  my $handlers = { 'Servicemodule/Service' => $tweak_server,                                                                                                                                                                             
                       };
       my $twig = new XML::Twig(TwigRoots => $roots,                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                             TwigHandlers => $handlers,                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                               pretty_print  => 'indented'                                                                                                                                                                            
                               );
               $twig->parsefile($_);                                                                                      
                             }                       
                       }
               return (%combeh) ;
                }

我无法使用上面的脚本创建哈希。请帮助我使用脚本如何获取属性值并存储在这样的哈希中出来就像这样需要

 '478'=>[
          {
          Description='It delivers actual pump speed'
          }
         {
           Service='SKRM',
           Path='/work/hr_service.xml'
          }
          {
             Type='s'.
             Nr='12',
             Service='s',
             path='/work/hardware.xml'
           }

          {
             Type='v'.
             Nr='2',
             Service='s',
             path='/work/hardware.xml'
           }
          {
             Type='mt'.
             Nr='1',
             Service='1',
             path='/work/hardware.xml'
           }
         ...
          ...
          ....

请帮我解决这个问题。

提前致谢。

我在你的建议之后尝试了这个

#!/usr/bin/perl
 use warnings;
 use strict;
 use XML::Simple;
 use Carp;
 use File::Find;
 use File::Spec::Functions qw( canonpath );     
 use Data::Dumper;

 my @ARGV ="C:/Main/work";die "Need directories\n" unless @ARGV;
 find(
  sub {
     return unless ( /(_service\.xml)$/ and -f );
     extract_information();
    return;
  },
 @ARGV
  );

sub extract_information {
         my $path= $_;

my $xml=XMLin($path);
   my $xml_services = $xml->{Service};  
   my %services;
   for my $xml_service (@$xml_services) {

    my %service = (
        description     => $xml_service->{Description},
        name            => $xml_service->{Name},
        id              => $xml_service->{Id},
    );

     $service{sw} = _maybe_list( $xml_service->{ServiceCustomers}{SW} );
    $service{hw} = _maybe_list( $xml_service->{ServiceSuppliers}{HW} );
    $service{sw} = _maybe_list( $xml_service->{ServiceSuppliers}{SW} );
     $services{ $service{id} } = \%service;
 }

 print Dumper \%services;

  }
 sub _maybe_list {
 my $maybe = shift;
 return ref $maybe eq 'ARRAY' ? $maybe : [$maybe];
 }

感谢您的回复，我是XML :: Simple的新手，我研究了这个模块并理解了您的脚本。但是当我运行你的代码时，我得到的错误就像for循环行中的“Not a array Reference”。我尝试用不同的方法来克服这个但仍然是同样的错误。有时我在ServiceSuppliers中有SW和HW属性。所以我添加了一行与你的格式相同的行。我有一个问题你说“如果XML中有一个单独的元素就不会被包装”但有时候在ServiceCustomers中我只有一个带有一些属性的元素，比如我在xml文件中显示的那样。是吗？或者我该怎么办？你能帮我解决这些问题。

请任何人帮我解决此错误。

Answer 1

如果XML文件不是太大，您可以使用XML::Simple更轻松地转换它。

XML :: Simple的优点是操作Perl数据结构比XML更方便。

缺点是它会占用更多内存，因为它必须将整个XML文件加载到内存中。它对XML中的外壳也很敏感。

use strict;
use warnings;

use XML::Simple;
use Data::Dumper;

process_service_xml(shift);

sub process_service_xml {
    my $xml = XMLin(shift);

    # Illustrating what you've got after XML::Simple processes it.
    print "******* XML::Simple input ********\n";
    print Dumper $xml;
    print "**********************************\n";

    # Pull out the Services
    my $xml_services = $xml->{Service};

    # Iterate through each Service to transform them
    my %services;
    for my $xml_service (@$xml_services) {
        # Pull out the basic information
        my %service = (
            description     => $xml_service->{Description},
            name            => $xml_service->{Name},

            # Redundant with the key, but useful to keep all the data about the
            # service in one place.
            id              => $xml_service->{Id},
        );

        # Get SW and HW as their own attributes.
        # If there's a single element in the XML it won't be wrapped in
        # an array, so make sure each are a list.
        $service{sw} = _maybe_list( $xml_service->{ServiceCustomers}{SW} );
        $service{hw} = _maybe_list( $xml_service->{ServiceSuppliers}{HW} );

        # Store the service in the larger hash, keyed by the ID.
        $services{ $service{id} } = \%service;
    }

    # And here's what the information has been transformed into.
    print "******* Services ********\n";
    print Dumper \%services;
    print "*************************\n";    
}

sub _maybe_list {
    my $maybe = shift;
    return ref $maybe eq 'ARRAY' ? $maybe : [$maybe];
}

如何将XML提取并转换为Perl数据结构

1 个答案: