我刚刚获得了一个数独求解器的框架,但我不明白他们使用的语法以及我应该如何继续。他们称之为bitset,但在搜索它时我发现没有类似的东西。
// This file contains a simple implementation of sets of
// digits between 1 and 9, called fields.
#ifndef __SUDOKU_FIELD_H__
#define __SUDOKU_FIELD_H__
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
#include "digit.h"
class Field {
private:
// Use integers for a bitset
unsigned int _digits;
// Number of digits in bitset
unsigned int _size;
public:
// Initialize with all digits between 1 and 9 included
Field(void)
: _digits((1 << 1) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 3) |
(1 << 4) | (1 << 5) | (1 << 6) |
(1 << 7) | (1 << 8) | (1 << 9)), _size(9) {}
// Return size of digit set (number of digits in set)
unsigned int size(void) const {
// FILL IN
}
// Test whether digit set is empty
bool empty(void) const {
// FILL IN
}
// Test whether set is assigned (that is, single digit left)
bool assigned(void) const {
// FILL IN
}
// Test whether digit d is included in set
bool in(digit d) const {
assert((d >= 1) && (d <= 9));
// FILL IN
}
// Return digit to which the set is assigned
digit value(void) const {
assert(assigned());
// FILL IN
}
// Print digits still included
void print(std::ostream& os) const;
// Remove digit d from set (d must be still included)
void prune(digit d) {
assert(in(d));
// FILL IN
}
// Assign field to digit d (d must be still included)
void assign(digit d) {
assert(in(d));
// FILL IN
}
};
// Print field
inline std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Field& f) {
f.print(os); return os;
}
#endif
显然// FILL IN是我写的,bitset的含义是9位,其中所有这些都是最初设置为1.问题是我如何操作或使用它们。
哦,顺便说一下,这是一个数字:
#ifndef __SUDOKU_DIGIT_H__
#define __SUDOKU_DIGIT_H__
typedef unsigned char digit;
#endif
答案 0 :(得分:4)
此初始化将_digits
的位1 - 9设置为1.表达式(1 << n)
表示向左移位n位。表达式a | b
表示按位或a
和b
。
因此,详细地说,所有表达式(1 << n)
产生具有全零的位模式,并且在 n 位置产生1,对于0 <0。 n&lt; 10.所有这些都是or
',以产生位模式位1到9设置为1:
(1 << 1) 0010 |
(1 << 2) 0100 |
(1 << 3) 1000
======================
1110
(未使用的位未显示)
答案 1 :(得分:4)
“位域”只是对内存中整数的解释,就好像它是一个位列表。您将分别设置,测试和重置此整数中的位,并且代码中的注释会告诉您每个函数中的确切操作。
你可以使用'&amp;'和'|'用于按位AND和OR,以及'&lt;&lt;'和'&gt;&gt;'用于将所有位向左和向右移位。这篇文章对您非常有帮助:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation
答案 2 :(得分:3)
4位:
0000
1是:
0001
移位用于选择单个位:
0001 << 0 = 0001 // first bit
0001 << 1 = 0010 // second bit
0001 << 2 = 0100 // third bit
或者用于设置各个位:
0000 | 0100 = 0100
用于检索位:
0111 & 0001 = 0001
这就是bitsets的工作原理。
示例:
unsigned int x = 0;
x |= 1 << 4; // set 5th bit
x |= 1 << 3; // set 4th bit
x |= 0x3; // set first 2 bits - 0x3 = 0011
unsigned int b = true;
x |= b << 7; // set 8th bit to value of b
if (x & (1 << 2)) { // check if 3rd bit is true
// ...
}
b = (x >> 3) & 1; // set b to value of 4th bit
Here is a way to count number of bits, along with other helpful algorithms:
unsigned int v; // count the number of bits set in v
unsigned int c; // c accumulates the total bits set in v
for (c = 0; v; c++)
{
v &= v - 1; // clear the least significant bit set
}