Question

是否有人知道Selenium（WebDriver）是否能够在启动Selenium客户端之前与已经运行的浏览器进行通信并采取行动？

我的意思是，如果Selenium能够在不使用Selenium Server的情况下与浏览器通信（例如可以手动启动Internet Explorer）。

Answer 1

这是一个重复的答案 **重新连接到python selenium中的驱动程序**这适用于所有驱动程序和java api。

打开驱动程序
```
driver = webdriver.Firefox()  #python
```

从驱动程序对象中提取到session_id和_url。

url = driver.command_executor._url       #"http://127.0.0.1:60622/hub"
session_id = driver.session_id            #'4e167f26-dc1d-4f51-a207-f761eaf73c31'

使用这两个参数连接到您的驱动程序。

driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url,desired_capabilities={})
driver.session_id = session_id

您再次与司机联系。

driver.get("http://www.mrsmart.in")

Answer 2

这是一个非常古老的功能请求：Allow webdriver to attach to a running browser。所以它官方不受支持。

但是，有一些声称支持此功能的工作代码：https://web.archive.org/web/20171214043703/http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/。

Answer 3

此代码段成功允许重用现有的浏览器实例，同时避免引发重复的浏览器。在Tarun Lalwani的博客上找到。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver

# executor_url = driver.command_executor._url
# session_id = driver.session_id

def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
    original_execute = WebDriver.execute
    def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
        if command == "newSession":
            # Mock the response
            return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
        else:
            return original_execute(self, command, params)
    # Patch the function before creating the driver object
    WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
    driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities={})
    driver.session_id = session_id
    # Replace the patched function with original function
    WebDriver.execute = original_execute
    return driver

bro = attach_to_session('http://127.0.0.1:64092', '8de24f3bfbec01ba0d82a7946df1d1c3')
bro.get('http://ya.ru/')

Answer 4

有可能。但你必须破解它，有一个代码你要做的是运行独立服务器和“补丁”RemoteWebDriver

public class CustomRemoteWebDriver : RemoteWebDriver
{
    public static bool newSession;
    public static string capPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionCap");
    public static string sessiodIdPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionid");

    public CustomRemoteWebDriver(Uri remoteAddress) 
        : base(remoteAddress, new DesiredCapabilities())
    {
    }

    protected override Response Execute(DriverCommand driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary<string, object> parameters)
    {
        if (driverCommandToExecute == DriverCommand.NewSession)
        {
            if (!newSession)
            {
                var capText = File.ReadAllText(capPath);
                var sidText = File.ReadAllText(sessiodIdPath);

                var cap = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(capText);
                return new Response
                {
                    SessionId = sidText,
                    Value = cap
                };
            }
            else
            {
                var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
                var dictionary = (Dictionary<string, object>) response.Value;
                File.WriteAllText(capPath, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dictionary));
                File.WriteAllText(sessiodIdPath, response.SessionId);
                return response;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
            return response;
        }
    }
}

Answer 5

到目前为止，所有解决方案都缺乏某些功能。这是我的解决方案：

public class AttachedWebDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {

    public AttachedWebDriver(URL url, String sessionId) {
        super();
        setSessionId(sessionId);
        setCommandExecutor(new HttpCommandExecutor(url) {
            @Override
            public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
                if (command.getName() != "newSession") {
                    return super.execute(command);
                }
                return super.execute(new Command(getSessionId(), "getCapabilities"));
            }
        });
        startSession(new DesiredCapabilities());
    }
}

Answer 6

Javascript解决方案：

我已使用此功能成功附加到现有浏览器会话

webdriver.WebDriver.attachToSession(executor, session_id);

可以找到文档here。

Answer 7

受Eric的回答启发，这是我对selenium 3.7.0这个问题的解决方案。与http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium/的解决方案相比，优势在于每次连接到现有会话时都不会成为空白的浏览器窗口。

import warnings

from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from selenium.webdriver.remote.mobile import Mobile
from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from selenium.webdriver.remote.switch_to import SwitchTo
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver


# This webdriver can directly attach to an existing session.
class AttachableWebDriver(WebDriver):
    def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
                 desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
                 keep_alive=False, file_detector=None, session_id=None):
        """
        Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.

        :Args:
         - command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
             remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
         - desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
             starting the browser session. Required parameter.
         - browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
             Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
         - proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
             be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
         - keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
             HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to False.
         - file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
             then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
        """
        if desired_capabilities is None:
            raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities can't be None")
        if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
            raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
        if proxy is not None:
            warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set proxy",
                          DeprecationWarning)
            proxy.add_to_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
        self.command_executor = command_executor
        if type(self.command_executor) is bytes or isinstance(self.command_executor, str):
            self.command_executor = RemoteConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)

        self.command_executor._commands['GET_SESSION'] = ('GET', '/session/$sessionId')  # added

        self._is_remote = True
        self.session_id = session_id  # added
        self.capabilities = {}
        self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
        self.start_client()
        if browser_profile is not None:
            warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
                          DeprecationWarning)

        if session_id:
            self.connect_to_session(desired_capabilities)  # added
        else:
            self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)

        self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
        self._mobile = Mobile(self)
        self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()

        self.w3c = True  # added hardcoded

    def connect_to_session(self, desired_capabilities):
        response = self.execute('GET_SESSION', {
            'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
            'sessionId': self.session_id,
        })
        # self.session_id = response['sessionId']
        self.capabilities = response['value']

使用它：

if use_existing_session:
    browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
                                  desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER),
                                  session_id=session_id)
    self.logger.info("Using existing browser with session id {}".format(session_id))
else:
    browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
                                  desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER))
    self.logger.info('New session_id  : {}'.format(browser.session_id))

Answer 8

我在python中得到了一个解决方案，我修改了基于我发现的PersistenBrowser类的webdriver类。

https://github.com/axelPalmerin/personal/commit/fabddb38a39f378aa113b0cb8d33391d5f91dca5

更换webdriver模块/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py

EJ。使用：

switch

Answer 9

硒似乎没有正式支持此功能。但是，塔伦·拉尔瓦尼（Tarun Lalwani）已经创建了工作的Java代码来提供该功能。请参阅-http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/

这是从上面的链接复制的有效示例代码：

public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final SessionId sessionId, URL command_executor){
    CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {

    @Override
    public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
        Response response = null;
        if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
            response = new Response();
            response.setSessionId(sessionId.toString());
            response.setStatus(0);
            response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());

            try {
                Field commandCodec = null;
                commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
                commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
                commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());

                Field responseCodec = null;
                responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
                responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
                responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        } else {
            response = super.execute(command);
        }
        return response;
    }
    };

    return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}

public static void main(String [] args) {

    ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
    HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
    URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
    SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();


    RemoteWebDriver driver2 = createDriverFromSession(session_id, url);
    driver2.get("http://tarunlalwani.com");
}

您的测试需要具有一个从现有浏览器会话创建的RemoteWebDriver。要创建该驱动程序，您只需知道“会话信息”，即运行浏览器的服务器地址（在我们的示例中为本地）和浏览器会话ID。为了获得这些详细信息，我们可以使用硒创建一个浏览器会话，打开所需的页面，然后最终运行实际的测试脚本。

我不知道是否有一种方法可以获取不是由硒创建的会话的会话信息。

以下是会话信息的示例：

远程服务器的地址：http://localhost:24266。每个会话的端口号不同。会话ID：534c7b561aacdd6dc319f60fed27d9d6。

Answer 10

我正在使用Rails + Cucumber + Selenium Webdriver + PhantomJS，我一直在使用猴子修补版的Selenium Webdriver，它可以在测试运行之间保持PhantomJS浏览器的打开状态。请参阅此博文：http://blog.sharetribe.com/2014/04/07/faster-cucumber-startup-keep-phantomjs-browser-open-between-tests/

另见我对这篇文章的回答：How do I execute a command on already opened browser from a ruby file

Answer 11

使用JavaScript selenium-webdriver客户端非常简单：

首先，确保运行WebDriver服务器。例如，download ChromeDriver，然后运行chromedriver --port=9515。

其次，创建驱动程序like this：

var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
   .withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
   .usingServer('http://localhost:9515')  // <- this
   .build();

这是一个完整的例子：

var webdriver = require（＆＃39; selenium-webdriver＆＃39;）;

var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
   .withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
   .usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
   .build();

driver.get('http://www.google.com');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click();
driver.getTitle().then(function(title) {
   console.log(title);
 });

driver.quit();

Selenium可以与现有的浏览器会话进行交互吗？

11 个答案: