富有表现力和可组合的错误类型

时间:2011-11-30 03:39:30

标签: haskell error-handling composition

我正在努力寻找报告错误的最佳方法,这些函数应该在我正在处理的库中很好地编写。

具体来说,我的功能如下:

foo, bar, baz :: a -> Maybe a

其中foo只能以一种方式失败(非常适合Maybe),但barbaz可能会以两种不同的方式失败(很适合Either BarErrorsEither BazErrors)。

一种解决方案是创建:

data AllTheErrors = TheFooError
                  | BarOutOfBeer
                  | BarBurnedDown
                  | ...

并使所有函数返回Either AllTheErrors,它表示这些函数的组合序列可能引发的错误范围,代价是表示可能的错误范围每个个人功能。

有没有办法可以同时获得两者?也许还有除了monadic组合之外的东西?或者使用类型系列(波浪手)......?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:16)

Control.Monad.Exception库允许在非IO代码中使用强类型异常。这允许函数抛出错误,并且容易构成抛出不同错误的函数。例如:

{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes, MultiParamTypeClasses, FunctionalDependencies #-}
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
import Prelude hiding (catch)
import Control.Monad.Exception


data FooException = FooException deriving (Show, Typeable)
instance Exception FooException

data BarErrors = BarErrors deriving (Show, Typeable)
instance Exception BarErrors

data BazErrors = BazErrors deriving (Show, Typeable)
instance Exception BazErrors

-- sample functions    
foo :: (Throws FooException l) => a -> EM l a
foo a = return a


bar :: (Throws BarErrors l) => a -> EM l a
bar _ = throw BarErrors

baz :: (Throws BazErrors l) => a -> EM l a
baz a = return a


-- using all at once:

allAtOnce :: (Throws FooException l, Throws BarErrors l, Throws BazErrors l) =>
             a -> EM l String
allAtOnce x = do
  _ <- foo x
  _ <- bar x
  _ <- baz x
  return "success!"

-- now running the code, catching the exceptions:

run :: a -> String
run x = runEM $ allAtOnce x `catch` (\(_ :: FooException) -> return "foo failed")
        `catch` (\BarErrors -> return "bar failed")
        `catch` (\BazErrors -> return "baz failed")


-- run 3 results in "bar failed"

有关使用此库的详细信息,另请参阅论文Explicitly Typed Exceptions for HaskellAn Extensible Dynamically-Typed Hierarchy of Exceptions