我有一个字符串。我想通过改变字符串中的字符顺序从该字符串生成所有排列。例如,说:
x='stack'
我想要的是这样的列表,
l=['stack','satck','sackt'.......]
目前我正在迭代字符串的列表转换,随机挑选2个字母并转置它们以形成新字符串,并将其添加到l的设置转换中。根据字符串的长度,我计算可能的排列数,并继续迭代,直到设置大小达到限制。 必须有更好的方法来做到这一点。
答案 0 :(得分:112)
itertools模块有一个名为permutations()的有用方法。 The documentation说:
itertools.permutations(iterable [,r])
返回迭代中元素的连续r长度排列。
如果未指定r或为None,则r默认为长度 可迭代且生成所有可能的全长排列。
排列以字典排序顺序发出。所以,如果输入 对iterable进行排序,排序元组将按排序生成 顺序。
你必须将你的置换字母作为字符串加入。
>>> from itertools import permutations
>>> perms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations('stack')]
>>> perms
['stack','stakc','stcak','stcka','stkac','stkca','satck', 'satkc','sactk','sackt','saktc','sakct','sctak','sctka', 'scatk','scakt','sckta','sckat','sktac','sktca','skatc', 'skact','skcta','skcat','tsack','tsakc','tscak','tscka', 'tskac','tskca','tasck','taskc','tacsk','tacks','taksc', 'takcs','tcsak','tcska','tcask','tcaks','tcksa','tckas', 'tksac','tksca','tkasc','tkacs','tkcsa','tkcas','astck', 'astkc','asctk','asckt','asktc','askct','atsck','atskc', 'atcsk','atcks','atksc','atkcs','acstk','acskt','actk', 'actks','ackst','ackts','akstc','aksct','aktsc','aktcs', 'akcst','akcts','cstak','cstka','csatk','csakt','cskta', 'cskat','ctsak','ctska','ctask','ctaks','ctksa','ctkas', 'castk','caskt','catsk','catks','cakst','cakts','cksta', 'cksat','cktsa','cktas','ckast','ckats','kstac','kstca', 'ksatc','ksact','kscta','kscat','ktsac','ktsca','ktasc', 'ktacs','ktcsa','ktcas','kastc','kasct','katsc','katcs', 'kacst','kacts','kcsta','kcsat','kctsa','kctas','kcast', 'kcats']
如果您发现自己受到重复项的困扰,请尝试将数据拟合到一个没有重复项的结构中,例如set
:
>>> perms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations('stacks')]
>>> len(perms)
720
>>> len(set(perms))
360
感谢@pst指出这不是我们传统上认为的类型转换,而是更多地调用set()
构造函数。
答案 1 :(得分:32)
你可以获得所有N!没有太多代码的排列
def permutations(string, step = 0):
# if we've gotten to the end, print the permutation
if step == len(string):
print "".join(string)
# everything to the right of step has not been swapped yet
for i in range(step, len(string)):
# copy the string (store as array)
string_copy = [character for character in string]
# swap the current index with the step
string_copy[step], string_copy[i] = string_copy[i], string_copy[step]
# recurse on the portion of the string that has not been swapped yet (now it's index will begin with step + 1)
permutations(string_copy, step + 1)
答案 2 :(得分:6)
堆栈溢出用户已经发布了一些强大的解决方案,但我想展示另一种解决方案。这个我觉得更直观
这个想法是对于给定的字符串:我们可以通过算法递归(伪代码):
permutations =字符串
中char的char + permutations(string - char)
希望它有所帮助!
def permutations(string):
"""Create all permutations of a string with non-repeating characters
"""
permutation_list = []
if len(string) == 1:
return [string]
else:
for char in string:
[permutation_list.append(char + a) for a in permutations(string.replace(char, ""))]
return permutation_list
答案 3 :(得分:5)
这是一个返回唯一排列的简单函数:
def permutations(string):
if len(string) == 1:
return string
recursive_perms = []
for c in string:
for perm in permutations(string.replace(c,'',1)):
revursive_perms.append(c+perm)
return set(revursive_perms)
答案 4 :(得分:5)
这是另一种不同于@Adriano和@illerucis发布的方法。这有一个更好的运行时间,您可以通过测量时间来检查自己:
def removeCharFromStr(str, index):
endIndex = index if index == len(str) else index + 1
return str[:index] + str[endIndex:]
# 'ab' -> a + 'b', b + 'a'
# 'abc' -> a + bc, b + ac, c + ab
# a + cb, b + ca, c + ba
def perm(str):
if len(str) <= 1:
return {str}
permSet = set()
for i, c in enumerate(str):
newStr = removeCharFromStr(str, i)
retSet = perm(newStr)
for elem in retSet:
permSet.add(c + elem)
return permSet
对于任意字符串&#34; dadffddxcf&#34;排列库需要1.1336秒,这个实现需要9.125秒,@ Adriano和@ illerucis&#39;需要16.357秒。版。当然你仍然可以优化它。
答案 5 :(得分:4)
这是用最少的代码完成字符串置换的另一种方法。 我们基本上是创建一个循环,然后一次交换两个字符, 在循环内部,我们将进行递归。注意,我们仅在索引器达到字符串长度时才打印。 例: 美国广播公司 我是我们的出发点和递归参数 j为我们的循环
这是从左到右,从上到下(排列顺序)的视觉帮助
代码:
def permute(data, i, length):
if i==length:
print(''.join(data) )
else:
for j in range(i,length):
#swap
data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]
permute(data, i+1, length)
data[i], data[j] = data[j], data[i]
string = "ABC"
n = len(string)
data = list(string)
permute(data, 0, n)
答案 6 :(得分:3)
itertools.permutations
很好,但它不能很好地处理包含重复元素的序列。那是因为在内部它会置换序列索引并且不知道序列项值。
当然,可以通过一个集合来过滤itertools.permutations
的输出以消除重复项,但它仍然会浪费时间来生成这些重复项,如果基本序列中有多个重复元素,则会有批次重复。此外,使用集合来保存结果会浪费RAM,从而否定了首先使用迭代器的好处。
幸运的是,有更有效的方法。下面的代码使用了14世纪印度数学家Narayana Pandita的算法,该算法可以在Wikipedia article on Permutation中找到。这种古老的算法仍然是按顺序生成排列的最快的已知方法之一,它非常健壮,因为它可以正确处理包含重复元素的排列。
def lexico_permute_string(s):
''' Generate all permutations in lexicographic order of string `s`
This algorithm, due to Narayana Pandita, is from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation#Generation_in_lexicographic_order
To produce the next permutation in lexicographic order of sequence `a`
1. Find the largest index j such that a[j] < a[j + 1]. If no such index exists,
the permutation is the last permutation.
2. Find the largest index k greater than j such that a[j] < a[k].
3. Swap the value of a[j] with that of a[k].
4. Reverse the sequence from a[j + 1] up to and including the final element a[n].
'''
a = sorted(s)
n = len(a) - 1
while True:
yield ''.join(a)
#1. Find the largest index j such that a[j] < a[j + 1]
for j in range(n-1, -1, -1):
if a[j] < a[j + 1]:
break
else:
return
#2. Find the largest index k greater than j such that a[j] < a[k]
v = a[j]
for k in range(n, j, -1):
if v < a[k]:
break
#3. Swap the value of a[j] with that of a[k].
a[j], a[k] = a[k], a[j]
#4. Reverse the tail of the sequence
a[j+1:] = a[j+1:][::-1]
for s in lexico_permute_string('data'):
print(s)
<强>输出强>
aadt
aatd
adat
adta
atad
atda
daat
data
dtaa
taad
tada
tdaa
当然,如果您想将所产生的字符串收集到列表中,您可以
list(lexico_permute_string('data'))
或最近的Python版本:
[*lexico_permute_string('data')]
答案 7 :(得分:2)
为什么你不简单呢:
from itertools import permutations
perms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations(['s','t','a','c','k'])]
print perms
print len(perms)
print len(set(perms))
你没有重复,你可以看到:
['stack', 'stakc', 'stcak', 'stcka', 'stkac', 'stkca', 'satck', 'satkc',
'sactk', 'sackt', 'saktc', 'sakct', 'sctak', 'sctka', 'scatk', 'scakt', 'sckta',
'sckat', 'sktac', 'sktca', 'skatc', 'skact', 'skcta', 'skcat', 'tsack',
'tsakc', 'tscak', 'tscka', 'tskac', 'tskca', 'tasck', 'taskc', 'tacsk', 'tacks',
'taksc', 'takcs', 'tcsak', 'tcska', 'tcask', 'tcaks', 'tcksa', 'tckas', 'tksac',
'tksca', 'tkasc', 'tkacs', 'tkcsa', 'tkcas', 'astck', 'astkc', 'asctk', 'asckt',
'asktc', 'askct', 'atsck', 'atskc', 'atcsk', 'atcks', 'atksc', 'atkcs', 'acstk',
'acskt', 'actsk', 'actks', 'ackst', 'ackts', 'akstc', 'aksct', 'aktsc', 'aktcs',
'akcst', 'akcts', 'cstak', 'cstka', 'csatk', 'csakt', 'cskta', 'cskat', 'ctsak',
'ctska', 'ctask', 'ctaks', 'ctksa', 'ctkas', 'castk', 'caskt', 'catsk', 'catks',
'cakst', 'cakts', 'cksta', 'cksat', 'cktsa', 'cktas', 'ckast', 'ckats', 'kstac',
'kstca', 'ksatc', 'ksact', 'kscta', 'kscat', 'ktsac', 'ktsca', 'ktasc', 'ktacs',
'ktcsa', 'ktcas', 'kastc', 'kasct', 'katsc', 'katcs', 'kacst', 'kacts', 'kcsta',
'kcsat', 'kctsa', 'kctas', 'kcast', 'kcats']
120
120
[Finished in 0.3s]
答案 8 :(得分:1)
采用递归方法。
def permute(word):
if len(word) == 1:
return [word]
permutations = permute(word[1:])
character = word[0]
result = []
for p in permutations:
for i in range(len(p)+1):
result.append(p[:i] + character + p[i:])
return result
running code.
>>> permute('abc')
['abc', 'bac', 'bca', 'acb', 'cab', 'cba']
答案 9 :(得分:1)
<name> has been eliminated.
<name> has won.
Players left are <name list>.
答案 10 :(得分:1)
答案 11 :(得分:0)
这是一个n!
的递归解决方案,它可以接受字符串中重复的元素
import math
def getFactors(root,num):
sol = []
# return condition
if len(num) == 1:
return [root+num]
# looping in next iteration
for i in range(len(num)):
# Creating a substring with all remaining char but the taken in this iteration
if i > 0:
rem = num[:i]+num[i+1:]
else:
rem = num[i+1:]
# Concatenating existing solutions with the solution of this iteration
sol = sol + getFactors(root + num[i], rem)
return sol
我通过考虑两个元素验证了该解决方案,组合的数量为n!
,结果中不能包含重复项。所以:
inpt = "1234"
results = getFactors("",inpt)
if len(results) == math.factorial(len(inpt)) | len(results) != len(set(results)):
print("Wrong approach")
else:
print("Correct Approach")
答案 12 :(得分:0)
所有可能的单词都带有堆栈
from itertools import permutations
for i in permutations('stack'):
print(''.join(i))
permutations(iterable, r=None)
返回可迭代元素的连续r长度排列。
如果未指定r或为None,则r默认为可迭代的长度,并生成所有可能的全长排列。
排列以字典顺序排序。因此,如果对输入的iterable进行排序,则将按排序顺序生成排列元组。
根据元素的位置而不是它们的值将它们视为唯一。因此,如果输入元素是唯一的,则每个排列中都不会有重复值。
答案 13 :(得分:0)
还有另一个主动和递归的解决方案。这个想法是选择一个字母作为枢轴,然后创建一个单词。
# for a string with length n, there is a factorial n! permutations
alphabet = 'abc'
starting_perm = ''
# with recursion
def premuate(perm, alphabet):
if not alphabet: # we created one word by using all letters in the alphabet
print(perm + alphabet)
else:
for i in range(len(alphabet)): # iterate over all letters in the alphabet
premuate(perm + alphabet[i], alphabet[0:i] + alphabet[i+1:]) # chose one letter from the alphabet
# call it
premuate(starting_perm, alphabet)
输出:
abc
acb
bac
bca
cab
cba
答案 14 :(得分:0)
使用排列的简单解决方案。
from itertools import permutations
def stringPermutate(s1):
length=len(s1)
if length < 2:
return s1
perm = [''.join(p) for p in permutations(s1)]
return set(perm)
答案 15 :(得分:0)
def permute_all_chars(list, begin, end):
if (begin == end):
print(list)
return
for current_position in range(begin, end + 1):
list[begin], list[current_position] = list[current_position], list[begin]
permute_all_chars(list, begin + 1, end)
list[begin], list[current_position] = list[current_position], list[begin]
given_str = 'ABC'
list = []
for char in given_str:
list.append(char)
permute_all_chars(list, 0, len(list) -1)
答案 16 :(得分:0)
def perm(string):
res=[]
for j in range(0,len(string)):
if(len(string)>1):
for i in perm(string[1:]):
res.append(string[0]+i)
else:
return [string];
string=string[1:]+string[0];
return res;
l=set(perm("abcde"))
这是通过递归生成排列的一种方法,您可以通过使用字符串来轻松理解代码。&#39; a&#39; ab&#39; &安培; &#39; ABC&#39;作为输入。
你得到全部N!这种排列,没有重复。
答案 17 :(得分:0)
这个程序并没有消除重复,但我认为这是最有效的方法之一:
s=raw_input("Enter a string: ")
print "Permutations :\n",s
size=len(s)
lis=list(range(0,size))
while(True):
k=-1
while(k>-size and lis[k-1]>lis[k]):
k-=1
if k>-size:
p=sorted(lis[k-1:])
e=p[p.index(lis[k-1])+1]
lis.insert(k-1,'A')
lis.remove(e)
lis[lis.index('A')]=e
lis[k:]=sorted(lis[k:])
list2=[]
for k in lis:
list2.append(s[k])
print "".join(list2)
else:
break
答案 18 :(得分:0)
每个人都喜欢自己的代码气味。只是分享一个我觉得最简单的那个:
def get_permutations(word):
if len(word) == 1:
yield word
for i, letter in enumerate(word):
for perm in get_permutations(word[:i] + word[i+1:]):
yield letter + perm
答案 19 :(得分:0)
from itertools import permutations
perms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations('ABC')]
perms = [''.join(p) for p in permutations('stack')]
答案 20 :(得分:0)
def f(s):
if len(s) == 2:
X = [s, (s[1] + s[0])]
return X
else:
list1 = []
for i in range(0, len(s)):
Y = f(s[0:i] + s[i+1: len(s)])
for j in Y:
list1.append(s[i] + j)
return list1
s = raw_input()
z = f(s)
print z
答案 21 :(得分:0)
这是一个非常简单的生成器版本:
def find_all_permutations(s, curr=[]):
if len(s) == 0:
yield curr
else:
for i, c in enumerate(s):
for combo in find_all_permutations(s[:i]+s[i+1:], curr + [c]):
yield "".join(combo)
我觉得它不是那么糟糕!
答案 22 :(得分:-1)
具有递归
<script src="http://underscorejs.org/underscore-min.js"></script>
使用迭代方法(使用堆栈)
# swap ith and jth character of string
def swap(s, i, j):
q = list(s)
q[i], q[j] = q[j], q[i]
return ''.join(q)
# recursive function
def _permute(p, s, permutes):
if p >= len(s) - 1:
permutes.append(s)
return
for i in range(p, len(s)):
_permute(p + 1, swap(s, p, i), permutes)
# helper function
def permute(s):
permutes = []
_permute(0, s, permutes)
return permutes
# TEST IT
s = "1234"
all_permute = permute(s)
print(all_permute)
按词典顺序排序
# swap ith and jth character of string
def swap(s, i, j):
q = list(s)
q[i], q[j] = q[j], q[i]
return ''.join(q)
# iterative function
def permute_using_stack(s):
stk = [(0, s)]
permutes = []
while len(stk) > 0:
p, s = stk.pop(0)
if p >= len(s) - 1:
permutes.append(s)
continue
for i in range(p, len(s)):
stk.append((p + 1, swap(s, p, i)))
return permutes
# TEST IT
s = "1234"
all_permute = permute_using_stack(s)
print(all_permute)
答案 23 :(得分:-1)
这是一个简单直接的递归实现;
RecyclerView
答案 24 :(得分:-1)
导入迭代工具 def minion_game(s):
vow ="aeiou"
lsword=[]
ta=[]
for a in range(1,len(s)+1):
t=list(itertools.permutations(s,a))
lsword.append(t)
for i in range(0,len(lsword)):
for xa in lsword[i]:
if vow.startswith(xa):
ta.append("".join(xa))
print(ta)
minion_game("banana")