如何在0.5秒后在python 2.4中发出警报

时间:2011-11-23 12:52:47

标签: python timeout signals alarm python-2.4

我希望在运行0.5秒后超时一段特定的python代码。所以我打算在0.5秒后引发一个异常/信号,并优雅地处理它并继续使用其余的代码。

在python中,我知道signal.alarm()可以设置整数秒的警报。是否有任何替代方案,我们可以在0.5秒后生成警报。其他帖子中建议的signal.setitimer()在python2.4中不可用,我需要使用python2.4来实现这个目的吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

从耐心等待的“守护程序”线程中提起警报。在下面的代码中,snoozealarm通过SnoozeAlarm主题执行您想要的操作:

#! /usr/bin/env python

import os
import signal
import threading
import time

class SnoozeAlarm(threading.Thread):
  def __init__(self, zzz):
    threading.Thread.__init__(self)
    self.setDaemon(True)
    self.zzz = zzz

  def run(self):
    time.sleep(self.zzz)
    os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGALRM)

def snoozealarm(i):
  SnoozeAlarm(i).start()

def main():
  snoozealarm(0.5)
  while True:
    time.sleep(0.05)
    print time.time()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

答案 1 :(得分:2)

您有两种选择:

  1. 在相关代码运行时轮询time.time()或类似内容。如果代码在您的控制之下,这显然是可行的。

  2. 如pajton所述,您可以编写C扩展来调用系统调用setitimer()。这不是太难,因为您可以简单地从更高版本的Python的源代码复制signal.getitimer()signal.setitimer()的代码。它们只是围绕同名系统调用的薄包装。

    此选项仅在您使用CPython且您所在的环境允许您使用自定义C扩展时才可行。

    修改:以下是从signalmodule.c in Python 2.7复制的代码(适用Python许可证):

    #include "Python.h"
    #include <sys/time.h>
    
    static PyObject *ItimerError;
    
    /* auxiliary functions for setitimer/getitimer */
    static void
    timeval_from_double(double d, struct timeval *tv)
    {
        tv->tv_sec = floor(d);
        tv->tv_usec = fmod(d, 1.0) * 1000000.0;
    }
    
    Py_LOCAL_INLINE(double)
    double_from_timeval(struct timeval *tv)
    {
        return tv->tv_sec + (double)(tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0);
    }
    
    static PyObject *
    itimer_retval(struct itimerval *iv)
    {
        PyObject *r, *v;
    
        r = PyTuple_New(2);
        if (r == NULL)
        return NULL;
    
        if(!(v = PyFloat_FromDouble(double_from_timeval(&iv->it_value)))) {
        Py_DECREF(r);
        return NULL;
        }
    
        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(r, 0, v);
    
        if(!(v = PyFloat_FromDouble(double_from_timeval(&iv->it_interval)))) {
        Py_DECREF(r);
        return NULL;
        }
    
        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(r, 1, v);
    
        return r;
    }
    
    static PyObject *
    itimer_setitimer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
    {
        double first;
        double interval = 0;
        int which;
        struct itimerval new, old;
    
        if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "id|d:setitimer", &which, &first, &interval))
        return NULL;
    
        timeval_from_double(first, &new.it_value);
        timeval_from_double(interval, &new.it_interval);
        /* Let OS check "which" value */
        if (setitimer(which, &new, &old) != 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(ItimerError);
        return NULL;
        }
    
        return itimer_retval(&old);
    }
    
    PyDoc_STRVAR(setitimer_doc,
    "setitimer(which, seconds[, interval])\n\
    \n\
    Sets given itimer (one of ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL\n\
    or ITIMER_PROF) to fire after value seconds and after\n\
    that every interval seconds.\n\
    The itimer can be cleared by setting seconds to zero.\n\
    \n\
    Returns old values as a tuple: (delay, interval).");
    
    static PyObject *
    itimer_getitimer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
    {
        int which;
        struct itimerval old;
    
        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:getitimer", &which))
        return NULL;
    
        if (getitimer(which, &old) != 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(ItimerError);
        return NULL;
        }
    
        return itimer_retval(&old);
    }
    
    PyDoc_STRVAR(getitimer_doc,
    "getitimer(which)\n\
    \n\
    Returns current value of given itimer.");
    
    static PyMethodDef itimer_methods[] = {
        {"setitimer",       itimer_setitimer, METH_VARARGS, setitimer_doc},
        {"getitimer",       itimer_getitimer, METH_VARARGS, getitimer_doc},
        {NULL,                      NULL}           /* sentinel */
    };
    
    PyMODINIT_FUNC
    inititimer(void)
    {
        PyObject *m, *d, *x;
        int i;
        m = Py_InitModule3("itimer", itimer_methods, 0);
        if (m == NULL)
            return;
    
        d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
    
    #ifdef ITIMER_REAL
        x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_REAL);
        PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_REAL", x);
        Py_DECREF(x);
    #endif
    #ifdef ITIMER_VIRTUAL
        x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_VIRTUAL);
        PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_VIRTUAL", x);
        Py_DECREF(x);
    #endif
    #ifdef ITIMER_PROF
        x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_PROF);
        PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_PROF", x);
        Py_DECREF(x);
    #endif
    
        ItimerError = PyErr_NewException("itimer.ItimerError",
                                         PyExc_IOError, NULL);
        if (ItimerError != NULL)
            PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ItimerError", ItimerError);
    }
    

    将此代码保存为itimermodule.c,使用类似

    的内容将其编译为C扩展名
    gcc -I /usr/include/python2.4 -fPIC -o itimermodule.o -c itimermodule.c
    gcc -shared -o itimer.so itimermodule.o -lpython2.4
    

    现在,如果你很幸运,你应该能够使用

    从Python导入它
    import itimer
    

    并致电itimer.setitimer()