我希望在运行0.5秒后超时一段特定的python代码。所以我打算在0.5秒后引发一个异常/信号,并优雅地处理它并继续使用其余的代码。
在python中,我知道signal.alarm()
可以设置整数秒的警报。是否有任何替代方案,我们可以在0.5秒后生成警报。其他帖子中建议的signal.setitimer()
在python2.4中不可用,我需要使用python2.4来实现这个目的吗?
答案 0 :(得分:5)
从耐心等待的“守护程序”线程中提起警报。在下面的代码中,snoozealarm
通过SnoozeAlarm
主题执行您想要的操作:
#! /usr/bin/env python
import os
import signal
import threading
import time
class SnoozeAlarm(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, zzz):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.setDaemon(True)
self.zzz = zzz
def run(self):
time.sleep(self.zzz)
os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGALRM)
def snoozealarm(i):
SnoozeAlarm(i).start()
def main():
snoozealarm(0.5)
while True:
time.sleep(0.05)
print time.time()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您有两种选择:
在相关代码运行时轮询time.time()
或类似内容。如果代码在您的控制之下,这显然是可行的。
如pajton所述,您可以编写C扩展来调用系统调用setitimer()
。这不是太难,因为您可以简单地从更高版本的Python的源代码复制signal.getitimer()
和signal.setitimer()
的代码。它们只是围绕同名系统调用的薄包装。
此选项仅在您使用CPython且您所在的环境允许您使用自定义C扩展时才可行。
修改:以下是从signalmodule.c
in Python 2.7复制的代码(适用Python许可证):
#include "Python.h"
#include <sys/time.h>
static PyObject *ItimerError;
/* auxiliary functions for setitimer/getitimer */
static void
timeval_from_double(double d, struct timeval *tv)
{
tv->tv_sec = floor(d);
tv->tv_usec = fmod(d, 1.0) * 1000000.0;
}
Py_LOCAL_INLINE(double)
double_from_timeval(struct timeval *tv)
{
return tv->tv_sec + (double)(tv->tv_usec / 1000000.0);
}
static PyObject *
itimer_retval(struct itimerval *iv)
{
PyObject *r, *v;
r = PyTuple_New(2);
if (r == NULL)
return NULL;
if(!(v = PyFloat_FromDouble(double_from_timeval(&iv->it_value)))) {
Py_DECREF(r);
return NULL;
}
PyTuple_SET_ITEM(r, 0, v);
if(!(v = PyFloat_FromDouble(double_from_timeval(&iv->it_interval)))) {
Py_DECREF(r);
return NULL;
}
PyTuple_SET_ITEM(r, 1, v);
return r;
}
static PyObject *
itimer_setitimer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
double first;
double interval = 0;
int which;
struct itimerval new, old;
if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "id|d:setitimer", &which, &first, &interval))
return NULL;
timeval_from_double(first, &new.it_value);
timeval_from_double(interval, &new.it_interval);
/* Let OS check "which" value */
if (setitimer(which, &new, &old) != 0) {
PyErr_SetFromErrno(ItimerError);
return NULL;
}
return itimer_retval(&old);
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(setitimer_doc,
"setitimer(which, seconds[, interval])\n\
\n\
Sets given itimer (one of ITIMER_REAL, ITIMER_VIRTUAL\n\
or ITIMER_PROF) to fire after value seconds and after\n\
that every interval seconds.\n\
The itimer can be cleared by setting seconds to zero.\n\
\n\
Returns old values as a tuple: (delay, interval).");
static PyObject *
itimer_getitimer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
int which;
struct itimerval old;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:getitimer", &which))
return NULL;
if (getitimer(which, &old) != 0) {
PyErr_SetFromErrno(ItimerError);
return NULL;
}
return itimer_retval(&old);
}
PyDoc_STRVAR(getitimer_doc,
"getitimer(which)\n\
\n\
Returns current value of given itimer.");
static PyMethodDef itimer_methods[] = {
{"setitimer", itimer_setitimer, METH_VARARGS, setitimer_doc},
{"getitimer", itimer_getitimer, METH_VARARGS, getitimer_doc},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
inititimer(void)
{
PyObject *m, *d, *x;
int i;
m = Py_InitModule3("itimer", itimer_methods, 0);
if (m == NULL)
return;
d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
#ifdef ITIMER_REAL
x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_REAL);
PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_REAL", x);
Py_DECREF(x);
#endif
#ifdef ITIMER_VIRTUAL
x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_VIRTUAL);
PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_VIRTUAL", x);
Py_DECREF(x);
#endif
#ifdef ITIMER_PROF
x = PyLong_FromLong(ITIMER_PROF);
PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ITIMER_PROF", x);
Py_DECREF(x);
#endif
ItimerError = PyErr_NewException("itimer.ItimerError",
PyExc_IOError, NULL);
if (ItimerError != NULL)
PyDict_SetItemString(d, "ItimerError", ItimerError);
}
将此代码保存为itimermodule.c
,使用类似
gcc -I /usr/include/python2.4 -fPIC -o itimermodule.o -c itimermodule.c
gcc -shared -o itimer.so itimermodule.o -lpython2.4
现在,如果你很幸运,你应该能够使用
从Python导入它import itimer
并致电itimer.setitimer()
。