XML模式中的完整性约束
我有这样的XML（工作流表示一种由进程实例化的类）。
<workflowManagementSystem>
<workflows>
<workflow name="workflow1">
<actions>
<action name="action1" role="role1"></action>
<action name="action2" role="role3"></action>
<action name="action3" role="role4"></action>
</actions>
</workflow>
<workflow name="workflow2">
<actions>
<action name="action3" role="role4"></action>
<action name="action2" role="role3"></action>
<action name="action4" role="role4"></action>
</actions>
</workflow>
</workflows>
<actors>
<actor name="actor1" role="role1"></actor>
<actor name="actor2" role="role2"></actor>
<actor name="actor3" role="role3"></actor>
<actor name="actor4" role="role4"></actor>
<actor name="actor5" role="role2"></actor>
</actors>
<processes>
<process workflow="workflow1">
<actionStatuses>
<actionStatus action="action1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus>
<actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor3"></actionStatus>
</actionStatuses>
</process>
<process workflow="workflow1">
<actionStatuses>
<actionStatus action="action1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus>
<actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor5"></actionStatus>
<actionStatus action="action3" actor="actor4"></actionStatus>
</actionStatuses>
</process>
<process workflow="workflow1">
<actionStatuses>
<actionStatus action="action2" actor="actor5"></actionStatus>
<actionStatus action="action4" actor="actor4"></actionStatus>
</actionStatuses>
</process>
</processes>
</workflowManagementSystem>
我想声明一些约束：
1）工作流程的名称必须是唯一的
2）动作的名称必须在包含它的工作流程范围内是唯一的
3）可以在流程中重复一个动作（更多actionStatus指的是相同的动作）
4）actionStatus应仅引用属于父进程实例化的特定工作流的动作
5）actionStatus中指示的actor必须属于与其引用的动作中指定的角色相同的角色。
有可能吗？
2 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：1)
某些或您的要求可以，其他人无法使用XML Schema完成。
在进入细节之前，我还添加了一个额外的key / keyref（参照完整性），你没有要求，但我认为这对未来的参考可能有好处。 uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows就是您所要求的;我添加了pkWorkflow / fkProcessToWorkflow。 unique和key子句之间存在细微差别，但如果接受key / keyref，则不需要uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows。
这里值得一提的是，一般来说，如果你的设计允许使用xsd：unique子句，而不是xsd：key; xsd：keyref可以引用xsd：unique ...
答案是：
1）请参阅uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows或pkWorkflow
2）参见uniqueActionInWorkflow
3）这里没什么可做的。
4）无法在XML Schema中完成（直观地说，由于选择器支持的XPath语法的限制）。
5）无法在XML Schema中完成。
下面是根据俄罗斯玩偶创作风格从XML生成的XML Schema，这是唯一的“全局”声明是根元素的声明。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--W3C Schema generated by QTAssistant/W3C Schema Refactoring Module (http://www.paschidev.com)-->
<xsd:schema attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="workflowManagementSystem">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="workflows">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="workflow">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="actions">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="action">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
<xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:unique name="uniqueActionInWorkflow">
<xsd:selector xpath="actions/action"/>
<xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
</xsd:unique>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:unique name="uniqueWorkflowInWorkflows">
<xsd:selector xpath="workflow"/>
<xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
</xsd:unique>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="actors">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actor">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
<xsd:attribute name="role" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="processes">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="process">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="actionStatuses">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="actionStatus">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:attribute name="action" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
<xsd:attribute name="actor" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="workflow" type="xsd:string" use="required"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
<xsd:key name="pkWorkflow">
<xsd:selector xpath="workflows/workflow"/>
<xsd:field xpath="@name"/>
</xsd:key>
<xsd:keyref name="fkProcessToWorkflow" refer="pkWorkflow">
<xsd:selector xpath="processes/process"/>
<xsd:field xpath="@workflow"/>
</xsd:keyref>
</xsd:element>
这是XSD源的可视化：
答案 1 :(得分：0)
我已经认识到约束4和5不能在xml架构中翻译，但我已经解决了编辑架构结构并添加一些额外约束的其余问题。 XML：
<workflowManagementSystem xmlns="http://www.example.org/wfInfo"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/wfInfo wfInfo.xsd ">
<workflows>
<workflow name="wf1">
<actions>
<action name="ac1" role="role1">
</action>
<action name="ac2" role="role2">
</action>
<action name="ac3" role="AddettoVendite"
automaticallyInstantiated="true">
<nextAction actionName="ac1"></nextAction>
<nextAction actionName="ac2"></nextAction>
</action>
</actions>
<processes>
<process startTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z">
<actionStatuses>
<actionStatus action="ac1" actor="actor3"
terminationTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z"></actionStatus>
<actionStatus action="ac3" actor="actor2"></actionStatus>
</actionStatuses>
</process>
<process startTime="2011-10-13T12:30:00Z">
<actionStatuses>
<actionStatus action="ac1" actor="actor1"></actionStatus>
</actionStatuses>
</process>
</processes>
</workflow>
<workflow name="wf2">
<actions>
<action name="ac2" role="role2"
automaticallyInstantiated="true">
<nextAction actionName="ac4"></nextAction>
</action>
<action name="ac4" role="role2"
automaticallyInstantiated="false">
<nextAction actionName="ac2"></nextAction>
</action>
<action name="ac5" role="role1"
automaticallyInstantiated="false">
</action>
</actions>
<processes>
</processes>
</workflow>
</workflows>
<actors>
<actor name="Actor1">
<roles>
<role name="Role3"></role>
<role name="Role4"></role>
</roles>
</actor>
<actor name="Actor2">
<roles>
<role name="Role1"></role>
</roles>
</actor>
<actor name="Actor3">
<roles>
<role name="Role1"></role>
<role name="Role2"></role>
</roles>
</actor>
</actors>
</workflowManagementSystem>
相应的架构是：
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://www.example.org/wfInfo"
xmlns:tns="http://www.example.org/wfInfo" elementFormDefault="qualified">
<element name="workflowManagementSystem" type="tns:workflowManagementSystemType">
<!-- CONSTRAINTS -->
<key name="workflowKey">
<selector xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow"></selector>
<field xpath="@name"></field>
</key>
<keyref name="nextProcessRef" refer="tns:workflowKey">
<selector
xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow/tns:actions/tns:action/tns:nextProcess">
</selector>
<field xpath="@workflowName"></field>
</keyref>
<key name="actorKey">
<selector xpath="tns:actors/tns:actor"></selector>
<field xpath="@name"></field>
</key>
<keyref name="actorRef" refer="tns:actorKey">
<selector
xpath="tns:workflows/tns:workflow/tns:processes/tns:process/tns:actionStatuses/tns:actionStatus">
</selector>
<field xpath="@actor"></field>
</keyref>
</element>
<!-- ROOT -->
<complexType name="workflowManagementSystemType">
<all>
<!-- WORKFLOWS -->
<element name="workflows" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="workflow" type="tns:workflowType"
maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0">
<!-- CONSTRAINTS -->
<key name="actionKey">
<selector xpath="tns:actions/tns:action"></selector>
<field xpath="@name"></field>
</key>
<keyref name="nextActionRef" refer="tns:actionKey">
<selector xpath="tns:actions/tns:action/tns:nextAction"></selector>
<field xpath="@actionName"></field>
</keyref>
<keyref name="actionRef" refer="tns:actionKey">
<selector
xpath="tns:processes/tns:process/tns:actionStatuses/tns:actionStatus"></selector>
<field xpath="@action"></field>
</keyref>
</element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
<!-- ACTORS -->
<element name="actors" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="actor" type="tns:actorType" maxOccurs="unbounded"
minOccurs="0">
</element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
</all>
</complexType>
<!-- WORKFLOW -->
<complexType name="workflowType">
<all>
<!-- ACTIONS -->
<element name="actions" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="action" type="tns:actionType" maxOccurs="unbounded"
minOccurs="0"></element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
<!-- PROCESSES -->
<element name="processes" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="process" type="tns:processType" maxOccurs="unbounded"
minOccurs="0">
</element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
</all>
<attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
<!-- PROCESS -->
<complexType name="processType">
<sequence>
<!-- ACTIONSTATUSES -->
<element name="actionStatuses" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="actionStatus" type="tns:actionStatusType"
maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0">
</element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
</element>
</sequence>
<attribute name="startTime" type="dateTime" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
<!-- ACTION -->
<complexType name="actionType">
<choice>
<element name="nextAction" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0">
<complexType>
<attribute name="actionName" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
</element>
<element name="nextProcess" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<attribute name="workflowName" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
</element>
</choice>
<attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
<attribute name="automaticallyInstantiated" type="boolean"
use="required">
</attribute>
<attribute name="role" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
<!-- ACTIONSTATUS -->
<complexType name="actionStatusType">
<attribute name="action" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
<attribute name="actor" type="string" use="optional"></attribute>
<attribute name="terminationTime" type="dateTime" use="optional"></attribute>
</complexType>
<!-- ACTOR -->
<complexType name="actorType">
<sequence>
<element name="roles" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1">
<complexType>
<sequence>
<element name="role" type="tns:roleType" maxOccurs="unbounded"
minOccurs="1"></element>
</sequence>
</complexType>
<!-- CONSTRAINTS -->
<unique name="actorRoleUnique">
<selector xpath="tns:role"></selector>
<field xpath="@name"></field>
</unique>
</element>
</sequence>
<attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
<complexType name="roleType">
<attribute name="name" type="string" use="required"></attribute>
</complexType>
</schema>
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