我有几行代码用于迭代列表中的dict,我希望缩短它。它的工作原理很完美,但看起来代码太多了,我试图了解如何在Python中保持代码有效(或者一般来说)。
for d in dev['devices']:
if d['name'] == devName:
devFound = True
break
'dev'的结构有点令人困惑,但对于我关心的数据: dev(dict)>设备(列表)> 0-n(字典)
值'name'是内编号字典中的一个键(根据其他地方的搜索值而变化),需要根据用户输入(devName)进行检查
任何输入都非常感激
答案 0 :(得分:7)
基本相同,只用一些内置函数和生成器重写:
devFound = any(d['name'] == devName for d in dev['devices'])
答案 1 :(得分:4)
您可以尝试使用any()功能:
any(d for d in dev["devices"] if d['name'] == devName)
答案 2 :(得分:1)
以下是CédricJulien答案的变体,因为它可能会在某些(罕见)情况下失败:
any(True for d in dev["devices"] if d['name'] == devName)
这是一个(不可否认的,但可能的)案例,说明any(True …)
在any(d …)
没有提供正确结果的同时:
>>> class special_dict(dict):
... def __nonzero__(self):
... return False # All special_dict objects are False
...
>>> dev = {'devices': [special_dict(name="DEVNAME") for _ in xrange(10)]}
>>> any(d for d in dev["devices"] if d['name'] == "DEVNAME") # Incorrect
False
>>> any(True for d in dev["devices"] if d['name'] == "DEVNAME") # Correct
True
事实上,special_dict
个对象评估为False,因此在d
中测试any()
的真值是没有意义的。但是,使用True
可以正常工作。
PS :时间测试表明any(True … for … if … == …)
方法比双重的any(… == … for …)
解决方案更快:
python -m timeit -s "dev = {'devices': [{'name': 'BADNAME'} for _ in xrange(100)]}" "any(d['name'] == 'DEVNAME' for d in dev['devices'])"
100000 loops, best of 3: 16.3 usec per loop
python -m timeit -s "dev = {'devices': [{'name': 'BADNAME'} for _ in xrange(100)]}" "any(True for d in dev['devices'] if d['name'] == 'DEVNAME' )"
100000 loops, best of 3: 9.42 usec per loop
原因是第二个生成器最多返回一个值(True)。通过反汇编两个生成器的Python代码可以看出这一点:
In [8]: def f(my_list):
...: return any(x == 11 for x in my_list)
In [12]: f.func_code.co_consts[1]
Out[12]: <code object <genexpr> at 0x1041f98b0, file "<ipython-input-8-384ce7986872>", line 2>
In [13]: dis.dis(_)
2 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (.0)
>> 3 FOR_ITER 17 (to 23)
6 STORE_FAST 1 (x)
9 LOAD_FAST 1 (x)
12 LOAD_CONST 0 (11)
15 COMPARE_OP 2 (==)
18 YIELD_VALUE
19 POP_TOP
20 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 3
>> 23 LOAD_CONST 1 (None)
26 RETURN_VALUE
此代码包含YIELD_VALUE
和POP_TOP
,与此答案的版本相比需要额外的时间:
In [14]: def g(my_list):
....: return any(True for x in my_list if x == 11)
In [15]: g.func_code.co_consts[1]
Out[15]: <code object <genexpr> at 0x1041f9630, file "<ipython-input-14-735c68947d80>", line 2>
In [16]: dis.dis(g.func_code.co_consts[1])
2 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (.0)
>> 3 FOR_ITER 23 (to 29)
6 STORE_FAST 1 (x)
9 LOAD_FAST 1 (x)
12 LOAD_CONST 0 (11)
15 COMPARE_OP 2 (==)
18 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 3
21 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (True)
24 YIELD_VALUE
25 POP_TOP
26 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 3
>> 29 LOAD_CONST 1 (None)
32 RETURN_VALUE