我试图在Mathematica的下图中绘制几点:
ParametricPlot3D[
{{u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3}, {u, -1, (Cos[u] + Cos[0])/3},
{5, v, (Cos[4] + Cos[v])/3}}, {u, -4, 4}, {v, 0, 8}, Axes -> False,
Boxed -> False, BoxRatios -> {8, 8, 1.5}]
(它们应该看起来像表面上的点)
我想要做的是使用ListPointPlot3D在另一个图表上手动输入点的坐标,然后使用Show将它们组合起来。但由于某种原因,这是行不通的。建议?
另外,我想在x方向上添加与表面相切的小矢量作为我绘制的点,但我不知道如何做到这一点,所以建议非常感谢!
答案 0 :(得分:8)
也许这可以帮助您开始使用解决方案。它在表面上绘制了3个随机点。您可以通过设置nPoints
来更改点数。我不知道如何在x上绘制切线。但是当你弄明白时,你可以使用Arrow
,如@Verbeia所建议的那样。
nPoints = 3;
Show[ParametricPlot3D[{
{u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3},
{u, -1, (Cos[u] + Cos[0])/3}, {5, v, (Cos[4] + Cos[v])/3}},
{u, -4, 4}, {v, 0, 8}, Axes -> False,
Boxed -> False, BoxRatios -> {8, 8, 1.5},
PlotStyle -> Directive[Opacity[0.5]]],
Graphics3D[{Red, PointSize[.025],
Point[Table[{u1 = RandomReal[{-3, 3}], v1 = RandomReal[{1, 7}],
(Cos[u1] + Cos[v1])/3}, {nPoints}]]}]]
以下动态变化利用了@belisarius的贡献:
Manipulate[
Show[ParametricPlot3D[{{u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3} },
{u, -4, 4}, {v, 0, 8}, Axes -> False, Boxed -> False,
BoxRatios -> {8, 8, 1.5},
Mesh -> None,
ImageSize -> {400, 300},
PlotRange -> {{-4, 4}, {0, 8}},
PlotRangePadding -> {{0, 1.4}, {0, 0}},
PlotStyle -> Directive[Opacity[0.5]]],
Graphics3D[({Red, PointSize[.025],
Point@f[pt[[1, 1]], pt[[1, 2]]], Black,
Arrow[{f[pt[[1, 1]], pt[[1, 2]]],
f[pt[[1, 1]], pt[[1, 2]]] + D[f[t, pt[[1, 2]]], t] /.
t -> pt[[1, 1]]}]}]],
Grid[{{
LocatorPane[Dynamic[pt],
Dynamic[Graphics[{},
PlotRange -> {{-4, 4}, {0, 8}},
Frame -> True,
ImageSize -> 160,
FrameTicks -> {Range[-4, 4], Range[0, 8], None, None},
FrameLabel -> {"u", "v"},
GridLines -> {Range[-4, 4], Range[0, 8]},
GridLinesStyle -> Directive[LightGray]]],
{{-4, 0}, {4, 8}}]}}],
{{pt, {{1, 2}}}, ControlType -> None},
Initialization :> {f[u_, v_] := {u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3};}]
答案 1 :(得分:5)
对于箭头
f[u_, v_] := {u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3};
Show[ParametricPlot3D[{f[u, v]}, {u, -4, 4}, {v, 0, 8},
Axes -> False, Mesh -> None, Boxed -> False, BoxRatios -> {8, 8, 1.5},
PlotStyle -> Directive[Opacity[0.5]]],
Graphics3D@
Table[{Red, PointSize[.025], Point@f[u, v],
Black, Arrow[{f[u, v], f[u, v] + D[f[t, v], t] /. t -> u}]},
{u, -4, 4, 2}, {v, 0, 8, 2}]]
为了使箭头朝向任何方向a = {a1,a2}而不是x,你可以这样做:
Dot[{a1,a2}.#] & /@ D[f[u, v], {{u, v}}]
(*
-> {a1, a2, -(1/3) a1 Sin[u] - 1/3 a2 Sin[v]}
*)
修改
衍生品和正常:
f[u_, v_] := {u, v, (Cos[u] + Cos[v])/3};
Show[
Graphics3D@
Table[{Red, PointSize[.025], Point@f[u, v], Black, Arrowheads[.02],
Arrow[{f[u, v], f[u, v] + D[f[t, v], t] /. t -> u}],
Arrow[{f[u, v], f[u, v] + D[f[u, t], t] /. t -> v}],
Arrow[{f[u, v], f[u, v] +
Cross[D[f[t, v], t] /. t -> u,
D[f[u, t], t] /. t -> v]}]},
{u, -4, 4, 2}, {v, 0, 8, 2}],
ParametricPlot3D[{f[u, v]}, {u, -4, 4}, {v, 0, 8},
Axes -> False, Mesh -> 3, MeshStyle -> {{Opacity[0.1], LightBlue}},
Boxed -> False, BoxRatios -> {8, 8, 1.5},
PlotStyle -> Directive[Opacity[0.5]]]]
答案 2 :(得分:1)
您可以使用Graphics3D[listofpoints]
将图表与点组合,其中listofpoints
是T * 3矩阵列表,箭头使用Graphics3D[Arrow[{{1, 1, -1}, {2, 2, 0}, {3, 3, -1}, {4, 4, 0}}]]
等结构。如果它们都是Graphics3D
个对象,您应该能够将它们与Show
组合在一起。
抱歉,我现在不在Mathematica安装附近为您提供示例。