我需要计算一次CUDA内核执行时间。最佳实践指南说我们可以在Windows中使用事件或标准计时功能,如clock()
。我的问题是使用这两个函数给我一个完全不同的结果。
事实上,事件给出的结果与实际的实际速度相比似乎是巨大的。
我真正需要的是通过首先在较小的数据集上运行它的简化版本来预测计算的运行时间。不幸的是,这个基准测试的结果是完全不现实的,要么过于乐观(clock()
),要么过于悲观(事件)。
答案 0 :(得分:22)
您可以采取以下措施:
#include <sys/time.h>
struct timeval t1, t2;
gettimeofday(&t1, 0);
kernel_call<<<dimGrid, dimBlock, 0>>>();
HANDLE_ERROR(cudaThreadSynchronize();)
gettimeofday(&t2, 0);
double time = (1000000.0*(t2.tv_sec-t1.tv_sec) + t2.tv_usec-t1.tv_usec)/1000.0;
printf("Time to generate: %3.1f ms \n", time);
或:
float time;
cudaEvent_t start, stop;
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventCreate(&start) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventCreate(&stop) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventRecord(start, 0) );
kernel_call<<<dimGrid, dimBlock, 0>>>();
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventRecord(stop, 0) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventSynchronize(stop) );
HANDLE_ERROR( cudaEventElapsedTime(&time, start, stop) );
printf("Time to generate: %3.1f ms \n", time);
答案 1 :(得分:6)
您的问题已经得到了满意的答复。
我已经构建了用于计时C / C ++以及CUDA操作的类,并希望与其他人共享希望它们可以对下一个用户有所帮助。您只需将以下报告的4
文件添加到项目中,并将#include
两个头文件添加为
// --- Timing includes
#include "TimingCPU.h"
#include "TimingGPU.cuh"
这两个类可以如下使用。
计时CPU部分
TimingCPU timer_CPU;
timer_CPU.StartCounter();
CPU perations to be timed
std::cout << "CPU Timing = " << timer_CPU.GetCounter() << " ms" << std::endl;
计时GPU部分
TimingGPU timer_GPU;
timer_GPU.StartCounter();
GPU perations to be timed
std::cout << "GPU Timing = " << timer_GPU.GetCounter() << " ms" << std::endl;
在这两种情况下,时间都是以毫秒为单位。此外,这两个类可以在linux或windows下使用。
以下是4
个文件:
<强> TimingCPU.cpp 强>
/**************/
/* TIMING CPU */
/**************/
#include "TimingCPU.h"
#ifdef __linux__
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
TimingCPU::TimingCPU(): cur_time_(0) { StartCounter(); }
TimingCPU::~TimingCPU() { }
void TimingCPU::StartCounter()
{
struct timeval time;
if(gettimeofday( &time, 0 )) return;
cur_time_ = 1000000 * time.tv_sec + time.tv_usec;
}
double TimingCPU::GetCounter()
{
struct timeval time;
if(gettimeofday( &time, 0 )) return -1;
long cur_time = 1000000 * time.tv_sec + time.tv_usec;
double sec = (cur_time - cur_time_) / 1000000.0;
if(sec < 0) sec += 86400;
cur_time_ = cur_time;
return 1000.*sec;
}
#elif _WIN32 || _WIN64
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
struct PrivateTimingCPU {
double PCFreq;
__int64 CounterStart;
};
// --- Default constructor
TimingCPU::TimingCPU() { privateTimingCPU = new PrivateTimingCPU; (*privateTimingCPU).PCFreq = 0.0; (*privateTimingCPU).CounterStart = 0; }
// --- Default destructor
TimingCPU::~TimingCPU() { }
// --- Starts the timing
void TimingCPU::StartCounter()
{
LARGE_INTEGER li;
if(!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&li)) std::cout << "QueryPerformanceFrequency failed!\n";
(*privateTimingCPU).PCFreq = double(li.QuadPart)/1000.0;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&li);
(*privateTimingCPU).CounterStart = li.QuadPart;
}
// --- Gets the timing counter in ms
double TimingCPU::GetCounter()
{
LARGE_INTEGER li;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&li);
return double(li.QuadPart-(*privateTimingCPU).CounterStart)/(*privateTimingCPU).PCFreq;
}
#endif
<强> TimingCPU.h 强>
// 1 micro-second accuracy
// Returns the time in seconds
#ifndef __TIMINGCPU_H__
#define __TIMINGCPU_H__
#ifdef __linux__
class TimingCPU {
private:
long cur_time_;
public:
TimingCPU();
~TimingCPU();
void StartCounter();
double GetCounter();
};
#elif _WIN32 || _WIN64
struct PrivateTimingCPU;
class TimingCPU
{
private:
PrivateTimingCPU *privateTimingCPU;
public:
TimingCPU();
~TimingCPU();
void StartCounter();
double GetCounter();
}; // TimingCPU class
#endif
#endif
<强> TimingGPU.cu 强>
/**************/
/* TIMING GPU */
/**************/
#include "TimingGPU.cuh"
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
struct PrivateTimingGPU {
cudaEvent_t start;
cudaEvent_t stop;
};
// default constructor
TimingGPU::TimingGPU() { privateTimingGPU = new PrivateTimingGPU; }
// default destructor
TimingGPU::~TimingGPU() { }
void TimingGPU::StartCounter()
{
cudaEventCreate(&((*privateTimingGPU).start));
cudaEventCreate(&((*privateTimingGPU).stop));
cudaEventRecord((*privateTimingGPU).start,0);
}
void TimingGPU::StartCounterFlags()
{
int eventflags = cudaEventBlockingSync;
cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&((*privateTimingGPU).start),eventflags);
cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&((*privateTimingGPU).stop),eventflags);
cudaEventRecord((*privateTimingGPU).start,0);
}
// Gets the counter in ms
float TimingGPU::GetCounter()
{
float time;
cudaEventRecord((*privateTimingGPU).stop, 0);
cudaEventSynchronize((*privateTimingGPU).stop);
cudaEventElapsedTime(&time,(*privateTimingGPU).start,(*privateTimingGPU).stop);
return time;
}
<强> TimingGPU.cuh 强>
#ifndef __TIMING_CUH__
#define __TIMING_CUH__
/**************/
/* TIMING GPU */
/**************/
// Events are a part of CUDA API and provide a system independent way to measure execution times on CUDA devices with approximately 0.5
// microsecond precision.
struct PrivateTimingGPU;
class TimingGPU
{
private:
PrivateTimingGPU *privateTimingGPU;
public:
TimingGPU();
~TimingGPU();
void StartCounter();
void StartCounterFlags();
float GetCounter();
}; // TimingCPU class
#endif
答案 2 :(得分:6)
有一个开箱即用的GpuTimer结构用于:
#ifndef __GPU_TIMER_H__
#define __GPU_TIMER_H__
struct GpuTimer
{
cudaEvent_t start;
cudaEvent_t stop;
GpuTimer()
{
cudaEventCreate(&start);
cudaEventCreate(&stop);
}
~GpuTimer()
{
cudaEventDestroy(start);
cudaEventDestroy(stop);
}
void Start()
{
cudaEventRecord(start, 0);
}
void Stop()
{
cudaEventRecord(stop, 0);
}
float Elapsed()
{
float elapsed;
cudaEventSynchronize(stop);
cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsed, start, stop);
return elapsed;
}
};
#endif /* __GPU_TIMER_H__ */
答案 3 :(得分:2)
如果你想测量GPU时间,你几乎必须使用事件。这是一个很好的讨论主题,关于在nvidia forums here上对申请进行计时的做法和不做。
答案 4 :(得分:0)
您可以使用计算机视觉分析器,它非常适合您的目的。它测量每个cuda函数的时间并告诉你你调用它的次数。