如何使用PowerMock模拟私有方法进行测试?

时间:2011-10-18 07:41:23

标签: java testing junit mockito powermock

我有一个课程,我想用一个调用私有方法的公共方法来测试。我想假设私有方法正常工作。例如,我喜欢像doReturn....when...这样的东西。我发现有possible solution using PowerMock,但这个解决方案对我不起作用。 怎么做?有没有人有这个问题?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:92)

我在这里看不到问题。使用Mockito API使用以下代码,我设法做到了这一点:

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

这是JUnit测试:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
import static org.powermock.api.support.membermodification.MemberMatcher.method;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        CodeWithPrivateMethod spy = PowerMockito.spy(new CodeWithPrivateMethod());

        when(spy, method(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class, "doTheGamble", String.class, int.class))
                .withArguments(anyString(), anyInt())
                .thenReturn(true);

        spy.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:21)

适用于任何测试框架的通用解决方案(如果您的类不是final)是手动创建自己的模拟。

  1. 将您的私人方法更改为受保护。
  2. 在您的测试类中扩展类
  3. 覆盖以前的私有方法以返回您想要的任何常量
  4. 这不使用任何框架,因此它不那么优雅,但它总能工作:即使没有PowerMock。或者,您可以使用Mockito执行步骤#2&amp; #3对你来说,如果你已经完成了第一步。

    要直接模拟私有方法,您需要使用PowerMock,如other answer所示。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我知道一种方法,你可以称之为私人功能,以便在mockito中进行测试

@Test
    public  void  commandEndHandlerTest() throws  Exception
    {
        Method retryClientDetail_privateMethod =yourclass.class.getDeclaredMethod("Your_function_name",null);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.setAccessible(true);
        retryClientDetail_privateMethod.invoke(yourclass.class, null);
    }

答案 3 :(得分:1)

出于某种原因,布里斯的答案对我不起作用。我能够操纵它以使其工作。可能只是因为我有一个较新版本的PowerMock。我正在使用1.6.5。

import java.util.Random;

public class CodeWithPrivateMethod {

    public void meaningfulPublicApi() {
        if (doTheGamble("Whatever", 1 << 3)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("boom");
        }
    }

    private boolean doTheGamble(String whatever, int binary) {
        Random random = new Random(System.nanoTime());
        boolean gamble = random.nextBoolean();
        return gamble;
    }
}

测试类如下所示:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.doReturn;

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest(CodeWithPrivateMethod.class)
public class CodeWithPrivateMethodTest {
    private CodeWithPrivateMethod classToTest;

    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void when_gambling_is_true_then_always_explode() throws Exception {
        classToTest = PowerMockito.spy(classToTest);

        doReturn(true).when(classToTest, "doTheGamble", anyString(), anyInt());

        classToTest.meaningfulPublicApi();
    }
}

答案 4 :(得分:1)

不带参数:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject , "ourPrivateMethodName").thenReturn("mocked result");

带有String参数:

ourObject = PowerMockito.spy(new OurClass());
when(ourObject, method(OurClass.class, "ourPrivateMethodName", String.class))
                .withArguments(anyString()).thenReturn("mocked result");

答案 5 :(得分:0)

需要考虑的事情

确保私有函数正在调用另一个公共函数,并且您只能继续模拟公共函数。