在C#中设置匿名函数的参数值

时间:2011-10-11 20:51:56

标签: c# expression-trees anonymous-methods

假设我有以下代码

private Func<T> _method;

public void SetExecutableMethod<T>(Func<T> methodParam)
{
    _method = methodParam;
}

public T ExecuteMethod(object[] parameterValues)
{
    //get the number of parameters _method has;
    var methodCallExpression = _method.Body as MethodCallExpression;
    var method = methodCallExpression.Method;
    ParameterInfo[] methodParams = method.GetParameters();

    //So i now have a list of parameters for the method call,
    //How can i update the parameter values for each of these?
    for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Count(); i++ )
    {
        methodParams[i] = ???''
    }

    return _method.Compile()();
}

public void InitAndTest()
{
    SetExecutableMethod( () => _service.SomeMethod1("param1 placeholder", "param2 placeholder") );

    T result1 = ExecuteMethod(new object[]{"Test1", "Test2"});
    T result2 = ExecuteMethod(new object[]{"Test3", "Test4"}););
}

在上面的代码中,我想将一个私有变量设置为一些指向匿名函数的Func,而不必再次设置它。 然后,我希望能够使用不同的参数调用ExecuteMethod(...)。此方法应更新变量_method的参数值,然后调用该方法。 我可以很好地读取参数的数量和它们的值,我只是不确定如何设置这些参数的值?有什么想法吗?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

这不是这样做的方法。现在,您的_method字段是Func<T>类型的委托,您希望其正文包含另一个实际执行的方法。你的来电者可以期待很多。我会忘记这种方法并寻找不同的东西。

一种方法是提供一个方法,该方法将对象数组作为其参数(Func<object[], T>),然后使用适当的参数直接调用它(但从不在其体内使用方法)。对于像C#这样的强类型语言来说,即使这种情况也不常见,因为你失去了所有的类型安全性(但是再一次,你确实希望对你正在设计的这个框架非常灵活。)

另一种方法是获取MethodInfo实例,然后使用其Invoke方法。在某种程度上,这甚至可能更好地表达您的意图,因为很明显可执行方法几乎可以实现任何功能。

接下来,您可以使用泛型来获得某种类型的安全性,并要求所有输入参数都包含在单个参数类中。在这种情况下,您可能使用强类型Func<Tparam, Tresult>方法,并且您的Execute方法会接受Tparam实例作为其参数。这将无需任何反思。

<强> [编辑]

正如我写的那样,我会尽量避免反思。既然你写了你基本上需要一个方法结果的缓存,一个简单的方法可能是这样的:

  1. 为您的参数列表创建一个包装器,以便您可以“按值”比较它们。我添加了一个示例类,但您甚至可能希望允许显式传递IEqualityComparer,这样您就不必为每个部分参数覆盖Equals

    // implements `IEquatable` for a list of parameters
    class Parameters : IEquatable<Parameters>
    {
        private readonly object[] _parameters;
        public Parameters(object[] parms)
        {
            _parameters = parms;
        }
    
        #region IEquatable<Parameters> Members
    
        public bool Equals(Parameters other)
        {
            if (other == null)
                return false;
    
            if (_parameters.Length != other._parameters.Length)
                return false;
    
            // check each parameter to see if it's equal
            // ...     
        }
    
        public override bool Equals(object obj)
        {
            return Equals(obj as Parameters);
        }
    
        public override int GetHashCode()
        { ... }
    
        #endregion
    }
    
  2. 为单个服务创建缓存。使用上面的包装器类,它应该只检查是否存在缓存结果:

    // contains cached results for a single service
    class CachedCallInfo
    {
        private readonly Func<object[], object> _method;
        private readonly Dictionary<Parameters, object> _cache
            = new Dictionary<Parameters, object>();
    
        public CachedCallInfo(Func<object[], object> method)
        {
            _method = method;
        }
    
        public T GetResult<T>(params object[] parameters)
        {
            // use out Parameters class to ensure comparison
            // by value
            var key = new Parameters(parameters);
            object result = null;
    
            // result exists?
            if (!_cache.TryGetValue(key, out result))
            {
                // do the actual service call
                result = _method(parameters);
    
                // add to cache
                _cache.Add(key, result);
            }
            return (T)result;
        }
    }
    
  3. 创建将按名称引用服务的最终类:

    public class ServiceCache
    {
        private readonly Dictionary<string, CachedCallInfo> _services =
            new Dictionary<string, CachedCallInfo>();
    
        public void RegisterService(string name, Func<object[], object> method)
        {
            _services[name] = new CachedCallInfo(method);
        }
    
        // "params" keyword is used to simplify method calls
        public T GetResult<T>(string serviceName, params object[] parameters)
        {
            return _services[serviceName].GetResult<T>(parameters);
        }
    }
    
  4. 您的缓存设置将如下所示:

    serviceCache.RegisterService("ServiceA", @params => DoSomething(@params));
    serviceCache.RegisterService("ServiceB", @params => SomethingElse(@params));
    

    你只需要这样称呼它:

    var result = serviceCache.GetResult("ServiceA", paramA, paramB, paramC);
    

答案 1 :(得分:1)

就我个人而言,我认为你已经过分了,除非有一个重要的架构需要处理lambda作为表达式树。但是,我离题了。

不要使用反射元素(基本上仅用于表达式树的描述),而是查看MethodCallExpression的Arguments成员。它将包含几个ContantExpression对象,您可以使用包含要传入的字符串值的自己的ConstantExpressions替换它们。但是,表达式是只读的;你必须重建这个电话的等效树。

public class FuncManipulator<T>
{
    private Func<T> _method;

    public void SetExecutableMethod(Func<T> methodParam)
    {
        _method = methodParam;
    }

    //you forgot the "params" keyword
    public T ExecuteMethod(params object[] parameterValues)
    {
        //get the number of parameters _method has;
        var methodCallExpression = _method.Body as MethodCallExpression;
        var arguments = methodCallExpression.Arguments;

        var newArguments = new List<Expression>();        
        for (int i = 0; i < arguments.Count(); i++ )
        {
            newArguments.Add(Expression.Constant(parameterValues[i]));
        }

        //"Clone" the expression, specifying the new parameters instead of the old.
        var newMethodExpression = Expression.Call(methodCallExpression.Object, 
                                                  methodCallExpression.Method, 
                                                  newArguments)

        return newMethodExpression.Compile()();
    }

}

...

public void InitAndTest()
{
    SetExecutableMethod( () => _service.SomeMethod1("param1 placeholder", "param2 placeholder") );

    T result1 = ExecuteMethod("Test1", "Test2");
    T result2 = ExecuteMethod("Test3", "Test4");
    T result3 = ExecuteMethod("Test6", "Test5");
}

只要表达式树可以找到当前实例中MethodCallExpression.method引用的Func,这将有效。

但是,我认为有一种更简单的方式:

public class FuncManipulator<T>
{
    private Func<T> _method;

    public void SetExecutableMethod(Func<T> methodParam)
    {
        _method = methodParam;
    }

    //you must pass the actual array; we are creating a closure reference that will live
    //as long as the delegate
    public void SetMethodParams(object[] param)
    {
        _param = param;
    } 

    public T ExecuteMethod(params object[] passedParam)
    {
       //We have to re-initialize _param based on passedParam
       //instead of simply reassigning the reference, because the lambda
       //requires we don't change the reference.
       for(int i=0; i<_param.Length; i++)
          _param[i] = passedParam.Length <= i ? null : passedParam[i];

       //notice we don't pass _param; the lambda already knows about it
       //via the reference set up when declaring the lambda.
       return _method(); 
    }

}

...

public void InitAndTest()
{
    //this is an "external closure" we must keep in memory
    object[] param = new object[2];
    SetExecutableMethod( () => _service.SomeMethod1(param[0], param[1]) );
    //We do so by passing the reference to our object
    SetMethodParams(param);

    //now, don't ever reassign the entire array.
    //the ExecuteMethod function will replace indices without redefining the array.
    T result1 = ExecuteMethod("Test1", "Test2");
    T result2 = ExecuteMethod("Test3", "Test4");
    T result3 = ExecuteMethod("Test6", "Test5");
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

不确定为什么这很有用,但这里有:

public class SomeCrazyClass<T>
{
    private Expression<Func<T>> _method;

    public void SetExecutableMethod(Expression<Func<T>> methodParam)
    {
        _method = methodParam;
    }

    public object ExecuteMethod(SomeService someService, object[] parameterValues)
    {
        var methodCallExpression = _method.Body as MethodCallExpression;
        var method = methodCallExpression.Method;
        var methodCall = Expression.Call(Expression.Constant(someService), method,
                                parameterValues.Select(Expression.Constant));

        return Expression.Lambda(methodCall).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
    }
}

这样称呼:

    public static void InitAndTest()
    {
        var something = new SomeCrazyClass<int>(); //or whatever type your method returns
        var _service = new SomeService();
        something.SetExecutableMethod(() => _service.SomeMethod1("param1 placeholder", "param2 placeholder"));

        var result1 = something.ExecuteMethod(_service,new object[] {"Test1", "Test2"});
        var result2 = something.ExecuteMethod(_service, new object[] {"Test3", "Test4"});
    }