我可以使用`sysctl`来检索用户的进程列表吗?

时间:2011-10-11 16:19:33

标签: macos sysctl

我需要一种方法来检索Mac上所有用户的所有正在运行的进程(使用Cocoa)。我找到了一个使用sysctl检索进程的实现,但我还需要正在运行的用户。这是我获取进程列表所需的内容,但有没有办法修改它以包含用户?

int             err;
kinfo_proc *    result;
bool            done;

static const int    name[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0 };
size_t          length;

// a valid pointer procList holder should be passed
assert( procList != NULL );
// But it should not be pre-allocated
assert( *procList == NULL );
// a valid pointer to procCount should be passed
assert( procCount != NULL );

*procCount = 0;

result = NULL;
done = false;

do
{
    assert( result == NULL );

    // Call sysctl with a NULL buffer to get proper length
    length = 0;
    err = sysctl((int *)name,(sizeof(name)/sizeof(*name))-1,NULL,&length,NULL,0);
    if( err == -1 )
        err = errno;

    // Now, proper length is optained
    if( err == 0 )
    {
        result = malloc(length);
        if( result == NULL )
            err = ENOMEM;   // not allocated
    }

    if( err == 0 )
    {
        err = sysctl( (int *)name, (sizeof(name)/sizeof(*name))-1, result, &length, NULL, 0);
        if( err == -1 )
            err = errno;

        if( err == 0 )
            done = true;
        else if( err == ENOMEM )
        {
            assert( result != NULL );
            free( result );
            result = NULL;
            err = 0;
        }
    }
} while ( err == 0 && !done );

// Clean up and establish post condition
if( err != 0 && result != NULL )
{
    free(result);
    result = NULL;
}

*procList = result; // will return the result as procList
if( err == 0 )
    *procCount = length / sizeof( kinfo_proc );

assert( (err == 0) == (*procList != NULL ) );

return err;

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:14)

请注意,sysctl(3)返回的进程列表是struct kinfo_proc的数组。如果你读了kinfo_proc的声明,你会看到它有一个类型为struct eproc的kp_eproc成员,后者又有一个类型为struct _ucred的e_ucred成员,后者又有一个类型为uid_t的cr_uid成员,表示有效的用户id为那个过程。

这意味着您可以使用链

.kp_eproc.e_ucred.cr_uid

获取有效用户的id。例如:

for (int i = 0; i < procCount; i++) {
    printf("pid=%d, uid=%d\n",
        procList[i].kp_proc.p_pid,
        procList[i].kp_eproc.e_ucred.cr_uid);
}

如果要将用户ID转换为用户名,可以使用getpwuid(3)或其可重入/线程安全的变体getpwuid_r(3):

for (int i = 0; i < procCount; i++) {
    struct passwd *user = getpwuid(procList[i].kp_eproc.e_ucred.cr_uid);
    char *username = user ? user->pw_name : "getpwuid() failed";
    printf("pid=%d, user=%s\n",
        procList[i].kp_proc.p_pid,
        username);
}

这是一个示例程序,列出了所有进程及其相应的pid,有效的uid和相应的用户名:

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <pwd.h>

int main(void) {
    int err = 0;
    struct kinfo_proc *proc_list = NULL;
    size_t length = 0;

    static const int name[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_ALL, 0 };

    // Call sysctl with a NULL buffer to get proper length
    err = sysctl((int *)name, (sizeof(name) / sizeof(*name)) - 1, NULL, &length, NULL, 0);
    if (err) goto ERROR;

    // Allocate buffer
    proc_list = malloc(length);
    if (!proc_list) goto ERROR;

    // Get the actual process list
    err = sysctl((int *)name, (sizeof(name) / sizeof(*name)) - 1, proc_list, &length, NULL, 0);
    if (err) goto ERROR;

    int proc_count = length / sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);

    // use getpwuid_r() if you want to be thread-safe

    for (int i = 0; i < proc_count; i++) {
        uid_t uid = proc_list[i].kp_eproc.e_ucred.cr_uid;
        struct passwd *user = getpwuid(uid);
        char *username = user ? user->pw_name : "user name not found";

        printf("pid=%d, uid=%d, username=%s\n",
                proc_list[i].kp_proc.p_pid,
                uid,
                username);
    }

    free(proc_list);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;

ERROR:
    perror(NULL);
    free(proc_list);
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}