我有一个使用方程式播放音频的python脚本signalgen.py，但我希望能够将方程存储在eq1.txt中的文件硬编码或选择一个文件并导入方程。
我遇到的问题是：
1）如何正确地对文件及其路径进行硬编码，以便将等式视为音频
我收到错误 Traceback（最近一次调用最后一次）： 在need_data中输入“signalgen.py”，第484行 v + =（datum * self.sig_level） TypeError：不能将序列乘以'float'
类型的非int我认为导致问题的特定代码块
def equation_import_function(self,t,f):
fileobj=open("/home/rat/eq1.txt","r")
eqdata =fileobj.read() #read whole file
fileobj.close()
#return math.tan(2.0*math.pi*f*t)
return eqdata
我在eq1.txt文件中有这行代码 - ＆gt; math.tan（2.0 * math.pi * F * T）
2）如何添加文件打开对话框以便能够选择文件并导入等式。
PS我正在使用Ubuntu 10.04（Linux），方程式将长达几页，这就是我想将它们从文本文件导入python的原因
以下是整个代码，如果您想查看我在下面使用或在pastebin上看到的内容，其中包含行号http://pastebin.com/HZg0Jhaw
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ***************************************************************************
# * Copyright (C) 2011, Paul Lutus *
# * *
# * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify *
# * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
# * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or *
# * (at your option) any later version. *
# * *
# * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
# * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
# * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
# * GNU General Public License for more details. *
# * *
# * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
# * along with this program; if not, write to the *
# * Free Software Foundation, Inc., *
# * 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. *
# ***************************************************************************
# version date 01-12-2011
VERSION = '1.1'
import re, sys, os
import gobject
gobject.threads_init()
import gst
import gtk
gtk.gdk.threads_init()
import time
import struct
import math
import random
import signal
import webbrowser
class Icon:
icon = [
"32 32 17 1",
" c None",
". c #2A2E30",
"+ c #333739",
"@ c #464A4C",
"# c #855023",
"$ c #575A59",
"% c #676A69",
"& c #CC5B00",
"* c #777A78",
"= c #DB731A",
"- c #8A8C8A",
"; c #969895",
"> c #F68C22",
", c #A5A7A4",
"' c #F49D4A",
") c #B3B5B2",
"! c #DEE0DD",
" &&&&&&& ",
" &&&===='''''& ",
" &'''''====&'& ",
" +++++&'&&&&& &'& ",
" +@$%****&'&+ &'& ",
" +@**%$@++@&'&*@+ &'& ",
" +@**@+++++++&'&@**@+ &'& ",
" +$*$+++++++++&'&++$*$+ &'& ",
" @*@++++++++++&'&+++@#&&&'& ",
" +*@++++++++#&&&'&+++#=''''& ",
" +*$++++++++#=''''&+++&'>>>'& ",
" @*+++++++++&'>>>'&+++#='''= ",
" +%$++++++++@#='''=#@@++#&&&# ",
" +*@+++++++@@@#&&&#@@@@@++@*+ ",
" +*+++++++@@@@++@$%$$@@@@++*+ ",
" +*++++++@@+@;,,*@@*$$$@@@+*+ ",
" +*@++++@@@%!!!!,;@$*$$$@@@*+ ",
" +%$++++@@+)!!!),-*+-%$$$@$%+ ",
" +@*+++@@@+-!!!,;-%@;%%$$+*@+ ",
" +*@++@@@@+$*-*%@+*-%%$@@*+ ",
" ++*@+@@@$$%@++@%;;*%%$@-$+ ",
" +@%+@@@$$%*;;;;-*%%%@**+ ",
" .+$%@@@$$$*******%$$*-+. ",
" .+@%%@@$$*@*@%%%$%-%+. ",
" .++@%$$$$$$%%%%--@+. ",
" +++@@$%*****%+++ ",
" +++++++++++++@. ",
" @--%@++@$*-%+ ",
" +%,))),;%+. ",
" ++++++. ",
" ",
" "
]
# this should be a temporary hack
class WidgetFinder:
def localize_widgets(self,parent,xmlfile):
# an unbelievable hack made necessary by
# someone unwilling to fix a year-old bug
with open(xmlfile) as f:
for name in re.findall('(?s) id="(.*?)"',f.read()):
if re.search('^k_',name):
obj = parent.builder.get_object(name)
setattr(parent,name,obj)
class ConfigManager:
def __init__(self,path,dic):
self.path = path
self.dic = dic
def read_config(self):
if os.path.exists(self.path):
with open(self.path) as f:
for record in f.readlines():
se = re.search('(.*?)\s*=\s*(.*)',record.strip())
if(se):
key,value = se.groups()
if (key in self.dic):
widget = self.dic[key]
typ = type(widget)
if(typ == list):
widget[0] = value
elif(typ == gtk.Entry):
widget.set_text(value)
elif(typ == gtk.HScale):
widget.set_value(float(value))
elif(typ == gtk.Window):
w,h = value.split(',')
widget.resize(int(w),int(h))
elif(typ == gtk.CheckButton or typ == gtk.RadioButton or typ == gtk.ToggleButton):
widget.set_active(value == 'True')
elif(typ == gtk.ComboBox):
if(value in widget.datalist):
i = widget.datalist.index(value)
widget.set_active(i)
else:
print "ERROR: reading, cannot identify key %s with type %s" % (key,type(widget))
def write_config(self):
with open(self.path,'w') as f:
for key,widget in sorted(self.dic.iteritems()):
typ = type(widget)
if(typ == list):
value = widget[0]
elif(typ == gtk.Entry):
value = widget.get_text()
elif(typ == gtk.HScale):
value = str(widget.get_value())
elif(typ == gtk.Window):
_,_,w,h = widget.get_allocation()
value = "%d,%d" % (w,h)
elif(typ == gtk.CheckButton or typ == gtk.RadioButton or typ == gtk.ToggleButton):
value = ('False','True')[widget.get_active()]
elif(typ == gtk.ComboBox):
value = widget.get_active_text()
else:
print "ERROR: writing, cannot identify key %s with type %s" % (key,type(widget))
value = "Error"
f.write("%s = %s\n" % (key,value))
def preset_combobox(self,box,v):
if(v in box.datalist):
i = box.datalist.index(v)
box.set_active(i)
else:
box.set_active(0)
def load_combobox(self,obj,data):
if(len(obj.get_cells()) == 0):
# Create a text cell renderer
cell = gtk.CellRendererText ()
obj.pack_start(cell)
obj.add_attribute (cell, "text", 0)
obj.get_model().clear()
for s in data:
obj.append_text(s.strip())
setattr(obj,'datalist',data)
class TextEntryController:
def __init__(self,parent,widget):
self.par = parent
self.widget = widget
widget.connect('scroll-event',self.scroll_event)
widget.set_tooltip_text('Enter number or:\n\
Mouse wheel: increase,decrease\n\
Shift/Ctrl/Alt: faster change')
def scroll_event(self,w,evt):
q = (-1,1)[evt.direction == gtk.gdk.SCROLL_UP]
# magnify change if shift,ctrl,alt pressed
for m in (1,2,4):
if(self.par.mod_key_val & m): q *= 10
s = self.widget.get_text()
v = float(s)
v += q
v = max(0,v)
s = self.par.format_num(v)
self.widget.set_text(s)
class SignalGen:
M_AM,M_FM = range(2)
W_SINE,W_TRIANGLE,W_SQUARE,W_SAWTOOTH,W_EQUATION_IMPORT = range(5)
waveform_strings = ('Sine','Triangle','Square','Sawtooth', 'Equation_Import')
R_48000,R_44100,R_22050,R_16000,R_11025,R_8000,R_4000 = range(7)
sample_rates = ('48000','44100','22050','16000', '11025', '8000', '4000')
def __init__(self):
self.restart = False
# exit correctly on system signals
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, self.close)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, self.close)
# precompile struct operator
self.struct_int = struct.Struct('i')
self.max_level = (2.0**31)-1
self.gen_functions = (
self.sine_function,
self.triangle_function,
self.square_function,
self.sawtooth_function,
self.equation_import_function
)
self.main_color = gtk.gdk.color_parse('#c04040')
self.sig_color = gtk.gdk.color_parse('#40c040')
self.mod_color = gtk.gdk.color_parse('#4040c0')
self.noise_color = gtk.gdk.color_parse('#c040c0')
self.pipeline = False
self.count = 0
self.imod = 0
self.rate = 1
self.mod_key_val = 0
self.sig_freq = 440
self.mod_freq = 3
self.sig_level = 100
self.mod_level = 100
self.noise_level = 100
self.enable = True
self.sig_waveform = SignalGen.W_SINE
self.sig_enable = True
self.sig_function = False
self.mod_waveform = SignalGen.W_SINE
self.mod_function = False
self.mod_mode = SignalGen.M_AM
self.mod_enable = False
self.noise_enable = False
self.sample_rate = SignalGen.R_22050
self.left_audio = True
self.right_audio = True
self.program_name = self.__class__.__name__
self.config_file = os.path.expanduser("~/." + self.program_name)
self.builder = gtk.Builder()
self.xmlfile = 'signalgen_gui.glade'
self.builder.add_from_file(self.xmlfile)
WidgetFinder().localize_widgets(self,self.xmlfile)
self.k_quit_button.connect('clicked',self.close)
self.k_help_button.connect('clicked',self.launch_help)
self.k_mainwindow.connect('destroy',self.close)
self.k_mainwindow.set_icon(gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_xpm_data(Icon.icon))
self.title = self.program_name + ' ' + VERSION
self.k_mainwindow.set_title(self.title)
self.tooltips = {
self.k_sample_rate_combobox : 'Change data sampling rate',
self.k_left_checkbutton : 'Enable left channel audio',
self.k_right_checkbutton : 'Enable right channel audio',
self.k_sig_waveform_combobox : 'Select signal waveform',
self.k_mod_waveform_combobox : 'Select modulation waveform',
self.k_mod_enable_checkbutton : 'Enable modulation',
self.k_sig_enable_checkbutton : 'Enable signal',
self.k_noise_enable_checkbutton : 'Enable white noise',
self.k_mod_am_radiobutton : 'Enable amplitude modulation',
self.k_mod_fm_radiobutton : 'Enable frequency modulation',
self.k_quit_button : 'Quit %s' % self.title,
self.k_enable_checkbutton : 'Enable output',
self.k_help_button : 'Visit the %s Web page' % self.title,
}
for k,v in self.tooltips.iteritems():
k.set_tooltip_text(v)
self.config_data = {
'SampleRate' : self.k_sample_rate_combobox,
'LeftChannelEnabled' : self.k_left_checkbutton,
'RightChannelEnabled' : self.k_right_checkbutton,
'SignalWaveform' : self.k_sig_waveform_combobox,
'SignalFrequency' : self.k_sig_freq_entry,
'SignalLevel' : self.k_sig_level_entry,
'SignalEnabled' : self.k_sig_enable_checkbutton,
'ModulationWaveform' : self.k_mod_waveform_combobox,
'ModulationFrequency' : self.k_mod_freq_entry,
'ModulationLevel' : self.k_mod_level_entry,
'ModulationEnabled' : self.k_mod_enable_checkbutton,
'AmplitudeModulation' : self.k_mod_am_radiobutton,
'FrequencyModulation' : self.k_mod_fm_radiobutton,
'NoiseEnabled' : self.k_noise_enable_checkbutton,
'NoiseLevel' : self.k_noise_level_entry,
'OutputEnabled' : self.k_enable_checkbutton,
}
self.cm = ConfigManager(self.config_file,self.config_data)
self.cm.load_combobox(self.k_sig_waveform_combobox,self.waveform_strings)
self.k_sig_waveform_combobox.set_active(self.sig_waveform)
self.cm.load_combobox(self.k_mod_waveform_combobox,self.waveform_strings)
self.k_mod_waveform_combobox.set_active(self.mod_waveform)
self.cm.load_combobox(self.k_sample_rate_combobox,self.sample_rates)
self.k_sample_rate_combobox.set_active(self.sample_rate)
self.k_sig_freq_entry.set_text(self.format_num(self.sig_freq))
self.k_sig_level_entry.set_text(self.format_num(self.sig_level))
self.k_mod_freq_entry.set_text(self.format_num(self.mod_freq))
self.k_mod_level_entry.set_text(self.format_num(self.mod_level))
self.k_noise_level_entry.set_text(self.format_num(self.noise_level))
self.k_main_viewport_border.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL,self.main_color)
self.k_sig_viewport_border.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL,self.sig_color)
self.k_mod_viewport_border.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL,self.mod_color)
self.k_noise_viewport_border.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL,self.noise_color)
self.sig_freq_cont = TextEntryController(self,self.k_sig_freq_entry)
self.sig_level_cont = TextEntryController(self,self.k_sig_level_entry)
self.mod_freq_cont = TextEntryController(self,self.k_mod_freq_entry)
self.mod_level_cont = TextEntryController(self,self.k_mod_level_entry)
self.noise_level_cont = TextEntryController(self,self.k_noise_level_entry)
self.k_mainwindow.connect('key-press-event',self.key_event)
self.k_mainwindow.connect('key-release-event',self.key_event)
self.k_enable_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_values)
self.k_sig_freq_entry.connect('changed',self.update_entry_values)
self.k_sig_level_entry.connect('changed',self.update_entry_values)
self.k_sig_enable_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.k_mod_freq_entry.connect('changed',self.update_entry_values)
self.k_mod_level_entry.connect('changed',self.update_entry_values)
self.k_noise_level_entry.connect('changed',self.update_entry_values)
self.k_sample_rate_combobox.connect('changed',self.update_values)
self.k_sig_waveform_combobox.connect('changed',self.update_values)
self.k_mod_waveform_combobox.connect('changed',self.update_values)
self.k_left_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.k_right_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.k_mod_enable_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.k_noise_enable_checkbutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.k_mod_am_radiobutton.connect('toggled',self.update_checkbutton_values)
self.cm.read_config()
self.update_entry_values()
self.update_checkbutton_values()
self.update_values()
def format_num(self,v):
return "%.2f" % v
def get_widget_text(self,w):
typ = type(w)
if(typ == gtk.ComboBox):
return w.get_active_text()
elif(typ == gtk.Entry):
return w.get_text()
def get_widget_num(self,w):
try:
return float(self.get_widget_text(w))
except:
return 0.0
def restart_test(self,w,pv):
nv = w.get_active()
self.restart |= (nv != pv)
return nv
def update_entry_values(self,*args):
self.sig_freq = self.get_widget_num(self.k_sig_freq_entry)
self.sig_level = self.get_widget_num(self.k_sig_level_entry) / 100.0
self.mod_freq = self.get_widget_num(self.k_mod_freq_entry)
self.mod_level = self.get_widget_num(self.k_mod_level_entry) / 100.0
self.noise_level = self.get_widget_num(self.k_noise_level_entry) / 100.0
def update_checkbutton_values(self,*args):
self.left_audio = self.k_left_checkbutton.get_active()
self.right_audio = self.k_right_checkbutton.get_active()
self.mod_enable = self.k_mod_enable_checkbutton.get_active()
self.sig_enable = self.k_sig_enable_checkbutton.get_active()
self.mod_mode = (SignalGen.M_FM,SignalGen.M_AM)[self.k_mod_am_radiobutton.get_active()]
self.noise_enable = self.k_noise_enable_checkbutton.get_active()
def update_values(self,*args):
self.restart = (not self.sig_function)
self.sample_rate = self.restart_test(self.k_sample_rate_combobox, self.sample_rate)
self.enable = self.restart_test(self.k_enable_checkbutton,self.enable)
self.mod_waveform = self.k_mod_waveform_combobox.get_active()
self.mod_function = self.gen_functions[self.mod_waveform]
self.sig_waveform = self.k_sig_waveform_combobox.get_active()
self.sig_function = self.gen_functions[self.sig_waveform]
self.k_sample_rate_combobox.set_sensitive(not self.enable)
if(self.restart):
self.init_audio()
def make_and_chain(self,name):
target = gst.element_factory_make(name)
self.chain.append(target)
return target
def unlink_gst(self):
if(self.pipeline):
self.pipeline.set_state(gst.STATE_NULL)
self.pipeline.remove_many(*self.chain)
gst.element_unlink_many(*self.chain)
for item in self.chain:
item = False
self.pipeline = False
time.sleep(0.01)
def init_audio(self):
self.unlink_gst()
if(self.enable):
self.chain = []
self.pipeline = gst.Pipeline("mypipeline")
self.source = self.make_and_chain("appsrc")
rs = SignalGen.sample_rates[self.sample_rate]
self.rate = float(rs)
self.interval = 1.0 / self.rate
caps = gst.Caps(
'audio/x-raw-int,'
'endianness=(int)1234,'
'channels=(int)2,'
'width=(int)32,'
'depth=(int)32,'
'signed=(boolean)true,'
'rate=(int)%s' % rs)
self.source.set_property('caps', caps)
self.sink = self.make_and_chain("autoaudiosink")
self.pipeline.add(*self.chain)
gst.element_link_many(*self.chain)
self.source.connect('need-data', self.need_data)
self.pipeline.set_state(gst.STATE_PLAYING)
def key_event(self,w,evt):
cn = gtk.gdk.keyval_name(evt.keyval)
if(re.search('Shift',cn) != None):
mod = 1
elif(re.search('Control',cn) != None):
mod = 2
elif(re.search('Alt|Meta',cn) != None):
mod = 4
else:
return
if(evt.type == gtk.gdk.KEY_PRESS):
self.mod_key_val |= mod
else:
self.mod_key_val &= ~mod
def sine_function(self,t,f):
return math.sin(2.0*math.pi*f*t)
def triangle_function(self,t,f):
q = 4*math.fmod(t*f,1)
q = (q,2-q)[q > 1]
return (q,-2-q)[q < -1]
def square_function(self,t,f):
if(f == 0): return 0
q = 0.5 - math.fmod(t*f,1)
return (-1,1)[q > 0]
def sawtooth_function(self,t,f):
return 2.0*math.fmod((t*f)+0.5,1.0)-1.0
def equation_import_function(self,t,f):
fileobj=open("/home/rat/eq1.txt","r")
eqdata =fileobj.read() #read whole file
fileobj.close()
#return math.tan(2.0*math.pi*f*t)
return eqdata
def need_data(self,src,length):
bytes = ""
# sending two channels, so divide requested length by 2
ld2 = length / 2
for tt in range(ld2):
t = (self.count + tt) * self.interval
if(not self.mod_enable):
datum = self.sig_function(t,self.sig_freq)
else:
mod = self.mod_function(t,self.mod_freq)
# AM mode
if(self.mod_mode == SignalGen.M_AM):
datum = 0.5 * self.sig_function(t,self.sig_freq) * (1.0 + (mod * self.mod_level))
# FM mode
else:
self.imod += (mod * self.mod_level * self.interval)
datum = self.sig_function(t+self.imod,self.sig_freq)
v = 0
if(self.sig_enable):
v += (datum * self.sig_level)
if(self.noise_enable):
noise = ((2.0 * random.random()) - 1.0)
v += noise * self.noise_level
v *= self.max_level
v = max(-self.max_level,v)
v = min(self.max_level,v)
left = (0,v)[self.left_audio]
right = (0,v)[self.right_audio]
bytes += self.struct_int.pack(left)
bytes += self.struct_int.pack(right)
self.count += ld2
src.emit('push-buffer', gst.Buffer(bytes))
def launch_help(self,*args):
webbrowser.open("http://arachnoid.com/python/signalgen_program.html")
def close(self,*args):
self.unlink_gst()
self.cm.write_config()
gtk.main_quit()
app=SignalGen()
gtk.main()
答案 0 :(得分：2)
imp模块将帮助您从任意文件中干净地加载Python代码块。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# equation in equation-one.py
def eqn(arg):
return arg * 3 + 2
#!/usr/bin/env python
# your code
import imp
path = "equation-one.py"
eq_mod = imp.load_source("equation", path, open(path))
print("Oh the nice stuff in eq_mod: %s" % dir(eq_mod))
在自定义函数定义中，您可以创建文件选择器对话框，获取选定的文件路径，使用imp加载代码，并在导入的模块中返回函数的结果。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
之前我正在评论，但我盯着你的代码足够长，并且有点意识到你想要做的事情，所以我更容易发布答案。当我扩展他使用imp模块的建议时，请参考cJ Zougloubs的回答。 您的公式文件应该实现一个通用接口：
# equation1.py
def eqn(*args):
return sum(*args)
然后你会使用cj Zougloubs建议加载它们，但是有一个共同的界面：
# python_rt.py
def equation_import_function(self, *args):
filepath = ''
# filepath = ... do file chooser dialog here ...
eq_mod = imp.load_source("equation", filepath)
eqdata = eq_mod.eqn(*args)
return eqdata
现在你的主代码中有一个函数，它接受任意数量的参数，要求用户选择方程式文件，并为你得到结果。
修改更具体地说明您的评论
# equation1.py
import math
def eqn(*args):
f = args[0]
t = args[1]
return math.tan(2.0*math.pi*f*t)
在你的主要工具中，你可以使用imp.load_source将它带入。无论你需要音频等式，你都可以这样做：
eq_mod.eqn(f, t)