方案 - > Clojure:方法中有谓词的多方法?

时间:2011-10-01 18:53:57

标签: clojure scheme multimethod

我正在将一些Scheme代码转换为Clojure。原始使用的调度模式与多方法非常相似,但是对匹配谓词采用反向方法。例如,有一个通用函数“assign-operations”。精确的实现细节目前并不太重要,但请注意它可以采用参数谓词列表。

(define (assign-operation operator handler . argument-predicates)
  (let ((record
         (let ((record (get-operator-record operator))
               (arity (length argument-predicates)))
           (if record
               (begin
                 (if (not (fix:= arity (operator-record-arity record)))
                     (error "Incorrect operator arity:" operator))
                 record)
               (let ((record (make-operator-record arity)))
                 (hash-table/put! *generic-operator-table* operator record)
                 record)))))
    (set-operator-record-tree! record
                               (bind-in-tree argument-predicates
                                             handler
                                             (operator-record-tree record)))))

调度函数提供这些谓词,函数arity中每个参数一个。

(assign-operation 'merge
  (lambda (content increment) content)
  any? nothing?)

(assign-operation 'merge
  (lambda (content increment) increment)
  nothing? any?)

(assign-operation 'merge
  (lambda (content increment)
    (let ((new-range (intersect-intervals content increment)))
      (cond ((interval-equal? new-range content) content)
            ((interval-equal? new-range increment) increment)
            ((empty-interval? new-range) the-contradiction)
            (else new-range))))
  interval? interval?)

稍后,当调用泛型函数“merge”时,会询问每个处理程序是否对操作数有效。

据我了解multimethods,dispatch函数是在整个实现集中定义的,并根据dispatch-fn的返回值调度到特定方法。在上面的Scheme中,新的赋值操作函数可以任意定义谓词。

在Clojure中,什么是等效的惯用结构?

编辑:上面的代码来自"The Art of the Propagator",Alexey Radul和Gerald Sussman。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

你可以很容易地使用Clojure的多方法做到这一点 - 诀窍是创建一个区分不同谓词集的调度函数。

最简单的方法可能只是维护一个“复合谓词”向量,将所有单个谓词应用于完整参数列表,并使用此向量的索引作为调度值:

(def pred-list (ref []))

(defn dispatch-function [& args] 
  (loop [i 0]
    (cond
      (>= i (count @pred-list))     (throw (Error. "No matching function!"))
      (apply (@pred-list i) args)   i
      :else                         (recur (inc i)))))

(defmulti handler dispatch-function)

(defn assign-operation [function & preds]    
  (dosync
    (let [i (count @pred-list)]
      (alter pred-list conj   
             (fn [& args] (every? identity (map #(%1 %2) preds args))))
      (defmethod handler i [& args] (apply function args)))))  

然后你可以创建操作来处理你喜欢的任何谓词,如下所示:

(assign-operation (fn [x] (/ x 2)) even?)

(assign-operation (fn [x] (+ x 1)) odd?)

(take 15 (iterate handler 77))
=> (77 78 39 40 20 10 5 6 3 4 2 1 2 1 2)