我需要缓存一个通用列表,所以我不必多次查询数据库。在Web应用程序中,我只需将其添加到httpcontext.current.cache
。在控制台应用程序中缓存对象的正确方法是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:15)
将其保留为包含类的实例成员。在Web应用程序中,您无法执行此操作,因为每次请求都会重新创建页面类的对象。
然而,.NET 4.0也有MemoryCache类用于此目的。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
在类级变量中。据推测,在控制台应用程序的main
方法中,您实例化至少一个某种对象。在这个对象的类中,您声明了一个类级变量(List<String>
或其他),您可以在其中缓存任何需要缓存的内容。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
这是我在控制台中使用的一个非常简单的缓存类,它具有自我清理和易于实现的功能。
用法:
return Cache.Get("MyCacheKey", 30, () => { return new Model.Guide().ChannelListings.BuildChannelList(); });
班级:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Timers;
namespace MyAppNamespace
{
public static class Cache
{
private static Timer cleanupTimer = new Timer() { AutoReset = true, Enabled = true, Interval = 60000 };
private static readonly Dictionary<string, CacheItem> internalCache = new Dictionary<string, CacheItem>();
static Cache()
{
cleanupTimer.Elapsed += Clean;
cleanupTimer.Start();
}
private static void Clean(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
internalCache.Keys.ToList().ForEach(x => { try { if (internalCache[x].ExpireTime <= e.SignalTime) { Remove(x); } } catch (Exception) { /*swallow it*/ } });
}
public static T Get<T>(string key, int expiresMinutes, Func<T> refreshFunction)
{
if (internalCache.ContainsKey(key) && internalCache[key].ExpireTime > DateTime.Now)
{
return (T)internalCache[key].Item;
}
var result = refreshFunction();
Set(key, result, expiresMinutes);
return result;
}
public static void Set(string key, object item, int expiresMinutes)
{
Remove(key);
internalCache.Add(key, new CacheItem(item, expiresMinutes));
}
public static void Remove(string key)
{
if (internalCache.ContainsKey(key))
{
internalCache.Remove(key);
}
}
private struct CacheItem
{
public CacheItem(object item, int expiresMinutes)
: this()
{
Item = item;
ExpireTime = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expiresMinutes);
}
public object Item { get; private set; }
public DateTime ExpireTime { get; private set; }
}
}
}
答案 3 :(得分:2)
// Consider this psuedo code for using Cache
public DataSet GetMySearchData(string search)
{
// if it is in my cache already (notice search criteria is the cache key)
string cacheKey = "Search " + search;
if (Cache[cacheKey] != null)
{
return (DataSet)(Cache[cacheKey]);
}
else
{
DataSet result = yourDAL.DoSearch(search);
Cache[cacheKey].Insert(result); // There are more params needed here...
return result;
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:1)
有很多方法可以实现缓存,具体取决于您的具体操作。通常,您将使用字典来保存缓存的值。这是我对缓存的简单实现,它只在有限的时间内缓存值:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace CySoft.Collections
{
public class Cache<TKey,TValue>
{
private readonly Dictionary<TKey, CacheItem> _cache = new Dictionary<TKey, CacheItem>();
private TimeSpan _maxCachingTime;
/// <summary>
/// Creates a cache which holds the cached values for an infinite time.
/// </summary>
public Cache()
: this(TimeSpan.MaxValue)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a cache which holds the cached values for a limited time only.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="maxCachingTime">Maximum time for which the a value is to be hold in the cache.</param>
public Cache(TimeSpan maxCachingTime)
{
_maxCachingTime = maxCachingTime;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tries to get a value from the cache. If the cache contains the value and the maximum caching time is
/// not exceeded (if any is defined), then the cached value is returned, else a new value is created.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key">Key of the value to get.</param>
/// <param name="createValue">Function creating a new value.</param>
/// <returns>A cached or a new value.</returns>
public TValue Get(TKey key, Func<TValue> createValue)
{
CacheItem cacheItem;
if (_cache.TryGetValue(key, out cacheItem) && (DateTime.Now - cacheItem.CacheTime) <= _maxCachingTime) {
return cacheItem.Item;
}
TValue value = createValue();
_cache[key] = new CacheItem(value);
return value;
}
private struct CacheItem
{
public CacheItem(TValue item)
: this()
{
Item = item;
CacheTime = DateTime.Now;
}
public TValue Item { get; private set; }
public DateTime CacheTime { get; private set; }
}
}
}
您可以将lambda表达式传递给Get方法,该方法例如从db中检索值。
答案 5 :(得分:0)
答案 6 :(得分:0)
您可以只使用一个简单的词典。使Cache在Web环境中如此特殊的原因在于它持久存在并且范围很广,许多用户都可以访问它。在控制台应用程序中,您没有这些问题。如果您的需求足够简单,可以使用字典或类似结构快速查找从数据库中提取的值。