Question

我有一个python文件，用于在ms sql中创建和填充表。唯一的问题是，如果存在任何非ascii字符或单个撇号（并且每个都有很多），代码就会中断。虽然我可以运行替换函数来消除撇号的字符串，但我宁愿保持它们完好无损。我也尝试将数据转换为utf-8，但也没有运气。

以下是我收到的错误消息：

"'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\2013' in position..." (for non-ascii characters)

和单引号

class 'pyodbc.ProgrammingError'>: ('42000', "[42000] [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server] Incorrect syntax near 'S, 230 X 90M.; Eligibilty....

当我尝试在utf-8中编码字符串时，我得到以下错误消息：

<type 'exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError'>: ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 219: ordinal not in range(128)

下面包含python代码。我相信发生此中断的代码中的点是在以下行之后：InsertValue = str（row.GetValue（CurrentField ['Name']））。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pyodbc
import sys
import arcpy
import arcgisscripting

gp = arcgisscripting.create(9.3)
SQL_KEYWORDS = ['PERCENT', 'SELECT', 'INSERT', 'DROP', 'TABLE']

#SourceFGDB = '###'
#SourceTable = '###'
SourceTable = sys.argv[1]
TempInputName = sys.argv[2]
SourceTable2 = sys.argv[3]
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Target Database Settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TargetDatabaseDriver = "{SQL Server}"
TargetDatabaseServer = "###"
TargetDatabaseName = "###"
TargetDatabaseUser = "###"
TargetDatabasePassword = "###"

# Get schema from FGDB table.
# This should be an ordered list of dictionary elements [{'FGDB_Name', 'FGDB_Alias', 'FGDB_Type', FGDB_Width, FGDB_Precision, FGDB_Scale}, {}]

if not gp.Exists(SourceTable):
    print ('- The source does not exist.')
    sys.exit(102)
#### Should see if it is actually a table type.  Could be a Feature Data Set or something...
print('        - Processing Items From : ' + SourceTable)
FieldList = []
Field_List = gp.ListFields(SourceTable)
print('            - Getting number of rows.')
result = gp.GetCount_management(SourceTable)
Number_of_Features = gp.GetCount_management(SourceTable)
print('                - Number of Rows: ' + str(Number_of_Features))
print('            - Getting fields.')
Field_List1 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'Layer')
Field_List2 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'Comments')
Field_List3 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'Category')
Field_List4 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'State')
Field_List5 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'Label')
Field_List6 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'DateUpdate')
Field_List7 = gp.ListFields(SourceTable, 'OBJECTID')
for Current_Field in Field_List1 + Field_List2 + Field_List3 + Field_List4 + Field_List5 + Field_List6 + Field_List7:
        print('            - Field Found: ' + Current_Field.Name)
        if Current_Field.AliasName in SQL_KEYWORDS:
            Target_Name = Current_Field.Name + '_'
        else:
            Target_Name = Current_Field.Name

        print('                 - Alias    : ' + Current_Field.AliasName)
        print('                 - Type     : ' + Current_Field.Type)
        print('                 - Length   : ' + str(Current_Field.Length))
        print('                 - Scale    : ' + str(Current_Field.Scale))
        print('                 - Precision: ' + str(Current_Field.Precision))
        FieldList.append({'Name': Current_Field.Name, 'AliasName': Current_Field.AliasName, 'Type': Current_Field.Type, 'Length': Current_Field.Length, 'Scale': Current_Field.Scale, 'Precision': Current_Field.Precision, 'Unique': 'UNIQUE', 'Target_Name': Target_Name})
# Create table in SQL Server based on FGDB table schema.
cnxn = pyodbc.connect(r'DRIVER={SQL Server};SERVER=###;DATABASE=###;UID=sql_webenvas;PWD=###')
cursor = cnxn .cursor()
#### DROP the table first?
try:
    DropTableSQL = 'DROP TABLE dbo.' + TempInputName + '_Test;'
    print DropTableSQL
    cursor.execute(DropTableSQL)
    dbconnection.commit()
except:
    print('WARNING: Can not drop table - may not exist: ' + TempInputName + '_Test')
CreateTableSQL = ('CREATE TABLE  ' + TempInputName + '_Test '
' (Layer varchar(500), Comments varchar(5000), State int, Label varchar(500), DateUpdate DATETIME, Category varchar(50), OBJECTID int)')
cursor.execute(CreateTableSQL)
cnxn.commit()
# Cursor through each row in the FGDB table, get values, and insert into the SQL Server Table.
# We got Number_of_Features earlier, just use that.
Number_Processed = 0
print('        - Processing ' + str(Number_of_Features) + ' features.')
rows = gp.SearchCursor(SourceTable)
row = rows.Next()
while row:
    if Number_Processed % 10000 == 0:
        print('            - Processed ' + str(Number_Processed) + ' of ' + str(Number_of_Features))
    InsertSQLFields = 'INSERT INTO ' + TempInputName + '_Test ('
    InsertSQLValues = 'VALUES ('
    for CurrentField in FieldList:
        InsertSQLFields = InsertSQLFields + CurrentField['Target_Name'] + ', '
        InsertValue = str(row.GetValue(CurrentField['Name']))
        if InsertValue in ['None']:
            InsertValue = 'NULL'
        # Use an escape quote for the SQL.
        InsertValue = InsertValue.replace("'","' '")
        if CurrentField['Type'].upper() in ['STRING', 'CHAR', 'TEXT']:
            if InsertValue == 'NULL':
                InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues + "NULL, "
            else:
                InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues + "'" + InsertValue + "', "
        elif CurrentField['Type'].upper() in ['GEOMETRY']:
            ## We're not handling geometry transfers at this time.
            if InsertValue == 'NULL':
                InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues + '0' + ', '
            else:
                InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues + '1' + ', '
        else:
            InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues + InsertValue + ', '
    InsertSQLFields = InsertSQLFields[:-2] + ')'
    InsertSQLValues = InsertSQLValues[:-2] + ')'
    InsertSQL = InsertSQLFields + ' ' + InsertSQLValues
    ## print InsertSQL
    cursor.execute(InsertSQL)
    cnxn.commit()
    Number_Processed = Number_Processed + 1
    row = rows.Next()
print('            - Processed all ' + str(Number_Processed))
del row
del rows

Answer 1

詹姆斯，我相信真正的问题是你并没有全面使用Unicode。尝试执行以下操作：

确保用于填充数据库的输入文件是UTF-8，并且您正在使用UTF-8编码器读取它。
确保您的数据库实际上以Unicode格式存储数据
当您从文件或数据库中检索数据或想要操作字符串（例如使用+运算符）时，您需要确保所有部分都是正确的Unicode。你不能使用str（）方法。 Dave指出，你需要使用unicode（）。如果在代码中定义字符串，请使用u'my string'而不是'my string'（否则它不被视为unicode）。

另外，请提供完整的堆栈跟踪和例外名称。

Answer 2

我将使用我的通灵调试技巧，并说你正试图str() ify something并使用ascii编解码器出错。你真正应该做的是使用utf-8编解码器，如下所示：

insert_value_uni = unicode(row.GetValue(CurrentField['Name']))
InsertValue = insert_value_uni.encode('utf-8')

Answer 3

或者您可以认为只允许使用ASCII并使用名为Unicode Hammer

的名称

Answer 4

通常，您希望在数据输入上转换为unicode，并在输出时转换为所需的编码。

如果你这样做会更容易找到你的问题。这意味着将所有字符串更改为unicode，“INSERT INTO”改为u'INSERT INTO'。（注意字符串前面的“u”）然后当您发送要执行的字符串转换为所需的编码时，“utf8”。

cursor.execute(InsertSQL.encode("utf8")) # Where InsertSQL is unicode

此外，您应该将编码字符串添加到源代码的顶部。这意味着将编码cookie添加到文件的前两行之一：

     #!/usr/bin/python
     # -*- coding: <encoding name> -*-

如果您从文件中提取数据以构建字符串，则可以使用codecs.open在加载时自动从特定编码转换为unicode。

Answer 5

当我将str（）转换为unicode时，解决了问题。一个简单的答案，我感谢大家对此的帮助。

Python非ascii字符

5 个答案: