在Sql Server维护计划中重新组织索引与重建索引

时间:2008-08-11 07:02:46

标签: sql-server rebuild maintenance-plan reorganize

在更好的SQL Server数据库的SSW规则中,有一个完整的数据库维护计划示例:SSW。在示例中,它们既运行重组索引,又运行重建索引,然后运行更新统计信息。这有什么意义吗?我认为重组指数是一个快速但不太有效的重建指数版本?并且索引重建也会自动更新统计信息(至少在聚集索引上)。

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:31)

重组和重建是不同的事情。

重新组织:它是索引的碎片整理。获取现有索引并对现有页面进行碎片整理。但是,如果页面不是连续的,它们就像以前一样。只有页面内容正在发生变化。

重建:实际上它会删除索引并从头开始重建它。这意味着您将获得一个全新的索引,包含碎片整理和连续的页面。

此外,通过重建,您可以更改分区或文件组,但通过重新组织,您不仅可以对整个索引进行碎片整理,还可以仅对索引的一个分区进行碎片整理。

更新统计信息在群集索引上是自动的,但在非群集索引上则不是。

答案 1 :(得分:24)

在考虑维护索引之前,回答两个主要问题非常重要:

  1. 碎片的程度是多少?
  2. 适当的行动是什么?重组或重建?
  3. 如本文http://solutioncenter.apexsql.com/why-when-and-how-to-rebuild-and-reorganize-sql-server-indexes/所述,为了帮助您确定是否应该执行索引重建或索引重组,请理解以下内容:

    • 索引重组是SQL Server通过现有索引并清除它的过程。索引重建是一个重要的过程,其中索引被删除,然后从头开始重新创建,具有全新的结构,没有所有堆积的碎片和空白页面。

    • 虽然索引重组是纯清理操作,它使系统状态保持原样,而不会锁定受影响的表和视图,但重建过程会在整个重建期间锁定受影响的表,这可能会导致长停机时间在某些环境中无法接受。 考虑到这一点,很明显索引重建是一个具有“更强”解决方案的过程,但它带来了价格 - 可能对受影响的索引表进行长锁定。

    另一方面,索引重组是一个“轻量级”流程,它将以一种不太有效的方式解决碎片问题 - 因为清理后的索引将始终位于完全从头开始制作的新索引的第二位。但是从效率的角度来看,重组索引要好得多,因为它在操作过程中不会锁定受影响的索引表。

    上述文章还解释了如何使用SSMS,T-SQL(重组/重建表中的索引)和第三方工具ApexSQL Backup重新组织和重建索引。

答案 2 :(得分:16)

对相同的索引执行REORGANIZE然后REBUILD是毫无意义的,因为执行REORGANIZE会导致REBUILD的任何更改都丢失。

更糟糕的是,在SSW的维护计划图中,它首先执行SHRINK,它将索引分段为释放空间的副作用。然后REBUILDREBUILD操作期间再次为数据库文件分配更多空间作为工作空间。

  • REORGANIZE是一个在线操作,使用很少的额外工作空间逐页对群集或非群集索引中的叶页进行碎片整理。

  • REBUILD是企业版的在线操作,在其他版本中脱机,并且使用与索引大小一样多的额外工作空间。它创建索引的新副本,然后删除旧索引,从而摆脱碎片。默认情况下,统计信息将作为此操作的一部分重新计算,但可以禁用。

有关详细信息,请参阅Reorganizing and Rebuilding Indexes

除了使用SHRINK选项之外,不要使用TRUNCATEONLY,如果文件会再次增长,那么你应该认真考虑是否有必要:

sqlservercentral_SHRINKFILE

答案 3 :(得分:10)

在对索引进行重组时,如果索引分布在两个或多个物理文件中,则数据将仅在数据文件中进行碎片整理。页面不会从一个数据文件移动到另一个数据文件。

当索引在单个文件中时,reorg和reindex将具有相同的最终结果。

有时重组会更快,有时重新索引会更快,具体取决于索引的碎片程度。索引碎片越少,重组越快,重组越松散,重组索引越快,但重建索引的速度越快。

答案 4 :(得分:7)

正是Biri所说的。以下是重新索引整个数据库的方法:

EXEC [sp_MSforeachtable] @command1="RAISERROR('DBCC DBREINDEX(''?'') ...',10,1) WITH NOWAIT DBCC DBREINDEX('?')"

答案 5 :(得分:5)

我使用此SP

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.[IndexRebuild]
AS 
DECLARE @TableName NVARCHAR(500);
DECLARE @SQLIndex NVARCHAR(MAX);
DECLARE @RowCount INT;
DECLARE @Counter INT;

DECLARE @IndexAnalysis TABLE
    (
      AnalysisID INT IDENTITY(1, 1)
                     NOT NULL
                     PRIMARY KEY ,
      TableName NVARCHAR(500) ,
      SQLText NVARCHAR(MAX) ,
      IndexDepth INT ,
      AvgFragmentationInPercent FLOAT ,
      FragmentCount BIGINT ,
      AvgFragmentSizeInPages FLOAT ,
      PageCount BIGINT
    )

BEGIN
    INSERT  INTO @IndexAnalysis
            SELECT  [objects].name ,
                    'ALTER INDEX [' + [indexes].name + '] ON ['
                    + [schemas].name + '].[' + [objects].name + '] '
                    + ( CASE WHEN (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent >= 20
                                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent < 40
                                  ) THEN 'REORGANIZE'
                             WHEN [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > = 40
                             THEN 'REBUILD'
                        END ) AS zSQL ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_depth ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].fragment_count ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragment_size_in_pages ,
                    [dm_db_index_physical_stats].page_count
            FROM    [sys].[dm_db_index_physical_stats](DB_ID(), NULL, NULL,
                                                       NULL, 'LIMITED') AS   [dm_db_index_physical_stats]
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[objects] AS [objects] ON (   [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [objects].[object_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[schemas] AS [schemas] ON ( [objects].[schema_id]  = [schemas].[schema_id] )
                    INNER JOIN [sys].[indexes] AS [indexes] ON (  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].[object_id] = [indexes].[object_id]
                                                          AND  [dm_db_index_physical_stats].index_id = [indexes].index_id
                                                          )
            WHERE   index_type_desc <> 'HEAP'
                    AND [dm_db_index_physical_stats].avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 20
END

SELECT  @RowCount = COUNT(AnalysisID)
FROM    @IndexAnalysis

SET @Counter = 1
WHILE @Counter <= @RowCount 
    BEGIN

        SELECT  @SQLIndex = SQLText
        FROM    @IndexAnalysis
        WHERE   AnalysisID = @Counter

        EXECUTE sp_executesql @SQLIndex

        SET @Counter = @Counter + 1

    END
 GO

并创建一个每周执行此SP的作业。

答案 6 :(得分:3)

更好的是:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ? REINDEX'

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable 'ALTER INDEX ALL ON ? REORGANIZE'

答案 7 :(得分:0)

我的两分钱......这种方法遵循技术网上列出的规范:http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189858(v=sql.105).aspx

USE [MyDbName]
GO

SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [maintenance].[IndexFragmentationCleanup]
AS
DECLARE @reIndexRequest VARCHAR(1000)

DECLARE reIndexList CURSOR
FOR
SELECT INDEX_PROCESS
FROM (
    SELECT CASE 
            WHEN avg_fragmentation_in_percent BETWEEN 5
                    AND 30
                THEN 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.NAME + '] ON [' + t.NAME + '] REORGANIZE;'
            WHEN avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 30
                THEN 'ALTER INDEX [' + i.NAME + '] ON [' + t.NAME + '] REBUILD with(ONLINE=ON);'
            END AS INDEX_PROCESS
        ,avg_fragmentation_in_percent
        ,t.NAME
    FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) AS a
    INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON a.object_id = i.object_id
        AND a.index_id = i.index_id
    INNER JOIN sys.tables t ON t.object_id = i.object_id
    WHERE i.NAME IS NOT NULL
    ) PROCESS
WHERE PROCESS.INDEX_PROCESS IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY avg_fragmentation_in_percent DESC

OPEN reIndexList

FETCH NEXT
FROM reIndexList
INTO @reIndexRequest

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    BEGIN TRY

        PRINT @reIndexRequest;

        EXEC (@reIndexRequest);

    END TRY

    BEGIN CATCH
        DECLARE @ErrorMessage NVARCHAR(4000);
        DECLARE @ErrorSeverity INT;
        DECLARE @ErrorState INT;

        SELECT @ErrorMessage = 'UNABLE TO CLEAN UP INDEX WITH: ' + @reIndexRequest + ': MESSAGE GIVEN: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE()
            ,@ErrorSeverity = 9 
            ,@ErrorState = ERROR_STATE();

    END CATCH;

    FETCH NEXT
    FROM reIndexList
    INTO @reIndexRequest
END

CLOSE reIndexList;

DEALLOCATE reIndexList;

RETURN 0

GO

答案 8 :(得分:0)

我在网上研究并发现了一些好文章。在和我编写的函数和脚本下面重新组织,重新创建或重建数据库中的所有索引。

首先,您可能需要阅读this article以了解为什么我们不只是重新创建所有索引。

其次我们需要一个函数来为索引构建创建脚本。所以this article可能有所帮助。我也在下面分享工作职能。

最后一步做一个while循环来查找和组织数据库中的所有索引。 This video就是这样做的例子。

功能:

create function GetIndexCreateScript(
    @index_name nvarchar(100)
) 
returns nvarchar(max)
as
begin

declare @Return   varchar(max)

SELECT @Return = ' CREATE ' + 
    CASE WHEN I.is_unique = 1 THEN ' UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END  +  
    I.type_desc COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT +' INDEX ' +   
    I.name  + ' ON '  +  
    Schema_name(T.Schema_id)+'.'+T.name + ' ( ' + 
    KeyColumns + ' )  ' + 
    ISNULL(' INCLUDE ('+IncludedColumns+' ) ','') + 
    ISNULL(' WHERE  '+I.Filter_definition,'') + ' WITH ( ' + 
    CASE WHEN I.is_padded = 1 THEN ' PAD_INDEX = ON ' ELSE ' PAD_INDEX = OFF ' END + ','  + 
    'FILLFACTOR = '+CONVERT(CHAR(5),CASE WHEN I.Fill_factor = 0 THEN 100 ELSE I.Fill_factor END) + ','  + 
    -- default value 
    'SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF '  + ','  + 
    CASE WHEN I.ignore_dup_key = 1 THEN ' IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON ' ELSE ' IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ' END + ','  + 
    CASE WHEN ST.no_recompute = 0 THEN ' STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF ' ELSE ' STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = ON ' END + ','  + 
    -- default value  
    ' DROP_EXISTING = ON '  + ','  + 
    -- default value  
    ' ONLINE = OFF '  + ','  + 
   CASE WHEN I.allow_row_locks = 1 THEN ' ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON ' ELSE ' ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = OFF ' END + ','  + 
   CASE WHEN I.allow_page_locks = 1 THEN ' ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ' ELSE ' ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = OFF ' END  + ' ) ON [' + 
   DS.name + ' ] '  
FROM sys.indexes I   
 JOIN sys.tables T ON T.Object_id = I.Object_id    
 JOIN sys.sysindexes SI ON I.Object_id = SI.id AND I.index_id = SI.indid   
 JOIN (SELECT * FROM (  
    SELECT IC2.object_id , IC2.index_id ,  
        STUFF((SELECT ' , ' + C.name + CASE WHEN MAX(CONVERT(INT,IC1.is_descending_key)) = 1 THEN ' DESC ' ELSE ' ASC ' END 
    FROM sys.index_columns IC1  
    JOIN Sys.columns C   
       ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id   
       AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id   
       AND IC1.is_included_column = 0  
    WHERE IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id   
       AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id   
    GROUP BY IC1.object_id,C.name,index_id  
    ORDER BY MAX(IC1.key_ordinal)  
       FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '') KeyColumns   
    FROM sys.index_columns IC2   
    --WHERE IC2.Object_id = object_id('Person.Address') --Comment for all tables  
    GROUP BY IC2.object_id ,IC2.index_id) tmp3 )tmp4   
  ON I.object_id = tmp4.object_id AND I.Index_id = tmp4.index_id  
 JOIN sys.stats ST ON ST.object_id = I.object_id AND ST.stats_id = I.index_id   
 JOIN sys.data_spaces DS ON I.data_space_id=DS.data_space_id   
 JOIN sys.filegroups FG ON I.data_space_id=FG.data_space_id   
 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM (   
    SELECT IC2.object_id , IC2.index_id ,   
        STUFF((SELECT ' , ' + C.name  
    FROM sys.index_columns IC1   
    JOIN Sys.columns C    
       ON C.object_id = IC1.object_id    
       AND C.column_id = IC1.column_id    
       AND IC1.is_included_column = 1   
    WHERE IC1.object_id = IC2.object_id    
       AND IC1.index_id = IC2.index_id    
    GROUP BY IC1.object_id,C.name,index_id   
       FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '') IncludedColumns    
   FROM sys.index_columns IC2    
   --WHERE IC2.Object_id = object_id('Person.Address') --Comment for all tables   
   GROUP BY IC2.object_id ,IC2.index_id) tmp1   
   WHERE IncludedColumns IS NOT NULL ) tmp2    
ON tmp2.object_id = I.object_id AND tmp2.index_id = I.index_id   
WHERE I.is_primary_key = 0 AND I.is_unique_constraint = 0 
AND I.[name] = @index_name

return @Return

end

sql for while:

declare @RebuildIndex Table(
    IndexId int identity(1,1),
    IndexName varchar(100),
    TableSchema varchar(50),
    TableName varchar(100),
    Fragmentation decimal(18,2)
)


insert into @RebuildIndex (IndexName,TableSchema,TableName,Fragmentation)
SELECT 
    B.[name] as 'IndexName', 
    Schema_Name(O.[schema_id]) as 'TableSchema',
    OBJECT_NAME(A.[object_id]) as 'TableName',
    A.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent] Fragmentation
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id(),NULL,NULL,NULL,'LIMITED') A 
INNER JOIN sys.indexes B ON A.[object_id] = B.[object_id] and A.index_id = B.index_id  
INNER JOIN sys.objects O ON O.[object_id] = B.[object_id]  
 where B.[name] is not null and B.is_primary_key = 0 AND B.is_unique_constraint = 0 and A.[avg_fragmentation_in_percent] >= 5  

--select * from @RebuildIndex

 declare @begin int = 1
 declare @max int
 select @max = Max(IndexId) from @RebuildIndex
 declare @IndexName varchar(100), @TableSchema varchar(50), @TableName varchar(100) , @Fragmentation decimal(18,2)

 while @begin <= @max
 begin

    Select @IndexName = IndexName from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin
    select @TableSchema = TableSchema  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin
    select @TableName = TableName  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin 
    select @Fragmentation = Fragmentation  from @RebuildIndex where IndexId = @begin 

    declare @sql nvarchar(max)
    if @Fragmentation < 31
    begin
        set @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ['+@IndexName+'] ON ['+@TableSchema+'].['+@TableName+'] REORGANIZE WITH ( LOB_COMPACTION = ON )'
        print 'Reorganized Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
    end
    else
    begin
        set @sql = (select dbo.GetIndexCreateScript(@IndexName))
        if(@sql is not null)
        begin
            print 'Recreated Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
        end 
        else
        begin
            set @sql = 'ALTER INDEX ['+@IndexName+'] ON ['+@TableSchema+'].['+@TableName+'] REBUILD PARTITION = ALL WITH (ONLINE = ON)'
            print 'Rebuilded Index ' + @IndexName + ' for ' + @TableName + ' Fragmentation was ' + convert(nvarchar(18),@Fragmentation)
        end
    end

    execute(@sql)


    set @begin = @begin+1

end