跨文件的SQLAlchemy类

时间:2011-09-19 23:16:07

标签: python sqlalchemy

我正在试图弄清楚如何将SQLAlchemy类分布在几个文件中,而我可以为生活找不到如何做到这一点。我对SQLAlchemy很新,所以如果这个问题很简单,请原谅我。

中考虑这三个类,每个类都有自己的文件

A.py:

from sqlalchemy import *
from main import Base

class A(Base):
    __tablename__ = "A"
    id  = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    Bs  = relationship("B", backref="A.id")
    Cs  = relationship("C", backref="A.id")

B.py:

from sqlalchemy import *
from main import Base

class B(Base):
    __tablename__ = "B"
    id    = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    A_id  = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("A.id"))

C.py:

from sqlalchemy import *
from main import Base

class C(Base):
    __tablename__ = "C"    
    id    = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    A_id  = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("A.id"))

然后说我们有 main.py 这样的东西:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref, sessionmaker

Base = declarative_base()

import A
import B
import C

engine = create_engine("sqlite:///test.db")
Base.metadata.create_all(engine, checkfirst=True)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

a  = A.A()
b1 = B.B()
b2 = B.B()
c1 = C.C()
c2 = C.C()

a.Bs.append(b1)
a.Bs.append(b2)    
a.Cs.append(c1)
a.Cs.append(c2)    
session.add(a)
session.commit()

上面给出了错误:

sqlalchemy.exc.NoReferencedTableError: Foreign key assocated with column 'C.A_id' could not find table 'A' with which to generate a foreign key to target column 'id'

如何跨这些文件共享声明基础?

实现这一目标的“正确”方法是什么,考虑到我可能会抛出像 Pylons Turbogears 这样的东西?

编辑10-03-2011

我从金字塔框架中找到了描述问题的this描述,更重要的是验证这是一个实际问题,而不是(仅)我困惑的自我就是问题。希望它可以帮助那些敢于走这条危险道路的人:)

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:67)

解决问题的最简单方法是将Base从导入ABC的模块中取出;打破循环导入。

base.py

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()

a.py

from sqlalchemy import *
from base import Base
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship

class A(Base):
    __tablename__ = "A"
    id  = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    Bs  = relationship("B", backref="A.id")
    Cs  = relationship("C", backref="A.id")

b.py

from sqlalchemy import *
from base import Base

class B(Base):
    __tablename__ = "B"
    id    = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    A_id  = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("A.id"))

c.py

from sqlalchemy import *
from base import Base

class C(Base):
    __tablename__ = "C"    
    id    = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    A_id  = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("A.id"))

main.py

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship, backref, sessionmaker

import base


import a
import b
import c

engine = create_engine("sqlite:///:memory:")
base.Base.metadata.create_all(engine, checkfirst=True)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

a1 = a.A()
b1 = b.B()
b2 = b.B()
c1 = c.C()
c2 = c.C()

a1.Bs.append(b1)
a1.Bs.append(b2)    
a1.Cs.append(c1)
a1.Cs.append(c2)    
session.add(a1)
session.commit()

在我的机器上运行:

$ python main.py ; echo $?
0

答案 1 :(得分:8)

我正在使用Python 2.7 + Flask 0.10 + SQLAlchemy 1.0.8 + Postgres 9.4.4.1

此样板配置了User和UserDetail模型,这些模型存储在“user”模块的同一文件“models.py”中。这些类都继承自SQLAlchemy基类。

我添加到项目中的所有其他类也派生自此基类,并且随着models.py文件变大,我决定将models.py文件拆分为每个类的一个文件,然后遇到这里描述的问题。

我找到的解决方案与@ computermacgyver 2013年10月23日发布的内容一样,是将我的所有类都包含在我创建的新模块的 init .py文件中以保存所有新的创建了类文件。看起来像这样:

/project/models/

__init__.py contains

from project.models.a import A 
from project.models.b import B
etc...

答案 2 :(得分:0)

对我来说,在import app.tool.tool_entity内添加app.py并在from app.tool.tool_entity import Tool内添加tool/__init__.py足以创建表。不过,我还没有尝试添加关系。

文件夹结构:

app/
  app.py
  tool/
    __init__.py
    tool_entity.py
    tool_routes.py
# app/tool/tool_entity.py

from app.base import Base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String


class Tool(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'tool'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String, nullable=False)
    fullname = Column(String)
    fullname2 = Column(String)
    nickname = Column(String)

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<User(name='%s', fullname='%s', nickname='%s')>" % (
            self.name, self.fullname, self.nickname)
# app/tool/__init__.py
from app.tool.tool_entity import Tool
# app/app.py

from flask import Flask
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from app.tool.tool_routes import tool_blueprint
from app.base import Base


db_dialect = 'postgresql'
db_user = 'postgres'
db_pwd = 'postgrespwd'
db_host = 'db'
db_name = 'db_name'
engine = create_engine(f'{db_dialect}://{db_user}:{db_pwd}@{db_host}/{db_name}', echo=True)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)


app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'hello world'


app.register_blueprint(tool_blueprint, url_prefix='/tool')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # you can add this import here, or anywhere else in the file, as debug (watch mode) is on, 
    # the table should be created as soon as you save this file.
    import app.tool.tool_entity
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=True)