Question

运行时

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -print-search-dirs | grep libraries | sed 's/:/\n/g'

我得到以下输出：

libraries
 =/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/

当交叉编译某些软件包时，它会使我的生活更容易附加到这些路径。我知道-L选项，我想使用它，但许多软件包在交叉编译时不尊重它，而且使用它与代码源会导致问题。（有关详细信息，请参阅本文末尾）。基本上我有一个完整的目录树，其中包含编译包所需的所有文件，我想将该目录树添加到默认搜索路径中。例如，-print-search-dirs也将输出类似于：

的路径

/target/usr/lib
/target/lib

除已列出的路径外。我不是在寻找一个具有代码性的特定答案，因为我有几个可以使用的工具链。

对于那些好奇的人，这是代码源安装的错误：

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc test.c

作品

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib test.c

失败了：

/lib/libc.so.6: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

显然它正在从主机那里抓取libc。我已经看到这种情况发生在一个以上的工具链上，但不是全部。

回复评论： 这是

的输出

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib test.c -v -Wl,-verbose

Using built-in specs.
Target: arm-none-linux-gnueabi
Configured with: /scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/src/gcc-4.4-2010q1/configure --build=i686-pc-linux-gnu --host=i686-pc-linux-gnu --target=arm-none-linux-gnueabi --enable-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-extra-sgxxlite-multilibs --with-arch=armv5te --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-specs='%{funwind-tables|fno-unwind-tables|mabi=*|ffreestanding|nostdlib:;:-funwind-tables} %{O2:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-statics}} %{O*:%{O|O0|O1|O2|Os:;:%{!fno-remove-local-statics: -fremove-local-statics}}}' --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-shared --disable-lto --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-__cxa_atexit --with-pkgversion='Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202' --with-bugurl=https://support.codesourcery.com/GNUToolchain/ --disable-nls --prefix=/opt/codesourcery --with-sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-build-sysroot=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --with-gmp=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-mpfr=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-ppl=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --with-host-libstdcxx='-static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic -lm' --with-cloog=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/host-libs-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/usr --disable-libgomp --enable-poison-system-directories --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin --with-build-time-tools=/scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/install/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
 /opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/cc1 -quiet -v test.c -quiet -dumpbase test.c -march=armv5te -auxbase test -version -funwind-tables -o /tmp/ccaDSo09.s
ignoring nonexistent directory "/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/local/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include  search starts here:
 /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/include
 /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/include-fixed
 /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/include
 /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) version 4.4.1 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi)
        compiled by GNU C version 4.3.2, GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 250bf78701f747da89e730786c466148
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
 /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/as -v -march=armv5te -meabi=5 -o /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o /tmp/ccaDSo09.s
GNU assembler version 2.19.51 (arm-none-linux-gnueabi) using BFD version (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709
COMPILER_PATH=/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/:/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/:/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/:/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib' '-v' '-march=armv5te' '-funwind-tables'
 /opt/codesourcery/libexec/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/collect2 --sysroot=/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc --eh-frame-hdr -dynamic-linker /lib/ld-linux.so.3 -X -m armelf_linux_eabi /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o -L/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1 -L/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib -L/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o -verbose -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtend.o /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crtn.o
GNU ld (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709
  Supported emulations:
   armelf_linux_eabi
   armelfb_linux_eabi
using internal linker script:
==================================================
/* Script for -z combreloc: combine and sort reloc sections */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littlearm", "elf32-bigarm",
              "elf32-littlearm")
OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
ENTRY(_start)
SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib");
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==================================================
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crt1.o
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/lib/crti.o
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o succeeded
/opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/crtbegin.o
attempt to open /tmp/ccQTJKJd.o succeeded
/tmp/ccQTJKJd.o
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc.a succeeded
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libgcc_s.so failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/lib/gcc/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/4.4.1/../../../../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/lib/libgcc_s.a failed
attempt to open /opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/libgcc_s.so succeeded
-lgcc_s (/opt/codesourcery/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/lib/libgcc_s.so)
attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so
attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
opened script file /lib/libc.so.6
/lib/libc.so.6: file not recognized: File format not recognized
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

Answer 1

您的交叉编译glibc配置错误。

在-Wl,-verbose链接器中说：

attempt to open /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so succeeded
opened script file /usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/lib/libc.so

因此，它使用了您的-L选项，并且能够打开libc.so.但这不是一个真正的.so动态库，它是一个脚本（链接器脚本）。

Telepathic模式开启：此libc.so脚本的最后一行是

 GROUP ( /lib/libc.so.6 /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a  AS_NEEDED ( /lib/ld-linux.so.3 ) )

关闭心灵感应模式

此行包含硬编码的绝对路径，并将arm -... abi中的链接器重定向到系统的libc，忽略大多数搜索目标（可能存在ld的某些秘密选项。）

只需使用任何文本编辑器编辑此文件（进行备份），并将所有/lib替换为/usr/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/lib。（我的良好的交叉编译环境已将此脚本中的所有路径替换为前缀。）

原始脚本应该用于本机编译，本机运行，但不能用于交叉编译。

更新：bytesex说http://linux.bytesex.org/cross-compiler.html /usr/lib/libpthread.so存在同样的问题，也在此文件中进行替换。

要检查其他库，请在lib目录中执行file -skL *.so|grep text。

Answer 2

As explained by @osgx，gcc正在寻找其库的错误路径。我试图在x86_64上交叉编译arm程序时遇到了类似的问题。由于编辑根拥有的文件不是一个选项，我进一步搜索并发现了--sysroot选项：

- SYSROOT = DIR
  使用dir作为标头和库的逻辑根目录。例如，如果编译器通常在/ usr / include和/ usr / lib中的库中搜索头文件，则会搜索dir / usr / include和dir / usr / lib。

如果同时使用此选项和-isysroot选项，则--sysroot选项适用于库，但-isysroot选项适用于头文件。

GNU链接器（从版本2.16开始）具有对此选项的必要支持。如果您的链接器不支持此选项，则--sysroot的头文件方面仍然有效，但库方面没有。

使用示例：

./configure --host=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi \
    CFLAGS='-g -O2 --sysroot=/tmp/rpi-root'

设置全局gcc默认搜索路径

2 个答案: