PHP中的西里尔语音译

时间：2011-09-18 12:14:28

标签： php unicode transliteration

如何将西里尔字母音译为拉丁字母？

E.g. Главная страница -> Glavnaja stranica

这个Transliteration PHP Extension会做得很好，但我无法在我的服务器上安装它。

最好在PHP中使用相同的实现。

14 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：45)

尝试以下代码

$textcyr="Тествам с кирилица";
        $textlat="I pone dotuk raboti!";
        $cyr = [
            'а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п',
            'р','с','т','у','ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ','ы','ь','э','ю','я',
            'А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ё','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П',
            'Р','С','Т','У','Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ','Ы','Ь','Э','Ю','Я'
        ];
        $lat = [
            'a','b','v','g','d','e','io','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p',
            'r','s','t','u','f','h','ts','ch','sh','sht','a','i','y','e','yu','ya',
            'A','B','V','G','D','E','Io','Zh','Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P',
            'R','S','T','U','F','H','Ts','Ch','Sh','Sht','A','I','Y','e','Yu','Ya'
        ];
        $textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
        $textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
        echo("$textcyr $textlat");

答案 1 :(得分：40)

@Tural Teyyuboglu

您的代码存在问题：如果您尝试将“щеки”音译为拉丁语，然后返回西里尔语，则会产生类似“схтеки”的内容。多字节字符必须首先出现在数组中，如下所示：

function transliterate($textcyr = null, $textlat = null) {
    $cyr = array(
    'ж',  'ч',  'щ',   'ш',  'ю',  'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ъ', 'ь', 'я',
    'Ж',  'Ч',  'Щ',   'Ш',  'Ю',  'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Х', 'Ц', 'Ъ', 'Ь', 'Я');
    $lat = array(
    'zh', 'ch', 'sht', 'sh', 'yu', 'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'y', 'x', 'q',
    'Zh', 'Ch', 'Sht', 'Sh', 'Yu', 'A', 'B', 'V', 'G', 'D', 'E', 'Z', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', 'H', 'c', 'Y', 'X', 'Q');
    if($textcyr) return str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    else if($textlat) return str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    else return null;
}

echo transliterate（null，transliterate（“щеки”））==“щеки”;

答案 2 :(得分：15)

最好的选择是使用PHP Intl Extension。 您可能首先需要install it。

这样可以解决问题：

$transliteratedString = transliterator_transliterate('Russian-Latin/BGN', $cyrillicString);

我申请了“俄语 - 拉丁语/ BGN”，因为提问者在他的问题中使用了俄语。但是，可以使用西里尔文脚本编写其他语言的选项。要查看所有这些，请执行以下操作：

print_r(transliterator_list_ids());

答案 3 :(得分：5)

$textcyr="Тест на кирилице";
$textlat="Test na kirilitse!";
$cyr  = array('а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п','р','с','т','у', 
            'ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ', 'ы','ь', 'э', 'ю','я','А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П','Р','С','Т','У',
            'Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ', 'Ы','Ь', 'Э', 'Ю','Я' );
$lat = array( 'a','b','v','g','d','e','io','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p','r','s','t','u',
            'f' ,'h' ,'ts' ,'ch','sh' ,'sht' ,'a', 'i', 'y', 'e' ,'yu' ,'ya','A','B','V','G','D','E','Zh',
            'Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P','R','S','T','U',
            'F' ,'H' ,'Ts' ,'Ch','Sh' ,'Sht' ,'A' ,'Y' ,'Yu' ,'Ya' );

$textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
$textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
echo("$textcyr $textlat");

缺少ё，э，ы（Э，Ы，Ё）字母

答案 4 :(得分：5)

这是我用来清理波斯尼亚语，克罗地亚语，塞尔维亚语拉丁语中的字符的功能

git clone --recursive https://<username>@github.com/<username>/books

答案 5 :(得分：4)

您应该使用//TRANSLIT选项尝试iconv()。

$trstr = iconv(<your encoding here>, "ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT", $src_str)

答案 6 :(得分：3)

我为utf-8编写了所有欧洲语言的完整音译类。可能会有所帮助（评论很精彩，但没有很多，所以这里有一些提示：

  1. 存储在常量中的数字是本地数据库中的idCountry - 您可以根据需要更改它们。
  2. “Róbsransliteracjędla”的意思是“做音译” - 你用const名称确定国家。
  3. “Słowniktłumaczącyrosyjskącyrylicęwgstandardu”的意思是“按标准音译的字典”
  4. “Tablicawycinającaakyyzróżnychznakównarodowychpobrana z http://stuffofinterest.com/misc/utf8-about.html”的意思是“用于切断不同语言口音的数组”（如果你在iconv中发现一些错误（或由于某些原因不能使用它）可能会有所帮助
  5. 方法utf2ascii和cyr2lat非常明显。

    6. 希望它会帮助一些人实现它的原因是一场噩梦：）

    编辑：我刚刚注意到部分代码丢失了，所以我把完整的课程放在了Pastie上：class

答案 7 :(得分：2)

这是我的俄语字母音译表的版本。这是非官方的，但基于技术标准GOST 7.79-2000和GOST 16876-71。首先是多字符。

public static function transliterate($textcyr = null, $textlat = null) {
    $cyr = array(
        'ё',  'ж',  'х',  'ц',  'ч',  'щ',   'ш',  'ъ',  'э',  'ю',  'я',  'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'ь',
        'Ё',  'Ж',  'Х',  'Ц',  'Ч',  'Щ',   'Ш',  'Ъ',  'Э',  'Ю',  'Я',  'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Ь');
    $lat = array(
        'yo', 'zh', 'kh', 'ts', 'ch', 'shh', 'sh', '``', 'eh', 'yu', 'ya', 'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'z', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', '`',
        'Yo', 'Zh', 'Kh', 'Ts', 'Ch', 'Shh', 'Sh', '``', 'Eh', 'Yu', 'Ya', 'A', 'B', 'V', 'G', 'D', 'E', 'Z', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', '`');
    if($textcyr)
        return str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    else if($textlat)
        return str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    else
        return null;
}

答案 8 :(得分：2)

这个对我来说效果最好。 代码来自this page 

function ru2lat($str)
{
    $tr = array(
    "А"=>"a", "Б"=>"b", "В"=>"v", "Г"=>"g", "Д"=>"d",
    "Е"=>"e", "Ё"=>"yo", "Ж"=>"zh", "З"=>"z", "И"=>"i", 
    "Й"=>"j", "К"=>"k", "Л"=>"l", "М"=>"m", "Н"=>"n", 
    "О"=>"o", "П"=>"p", "Р"=>"r", "С"=>"s", "Т"=>"t", 
    "У"=>"u", "Ф"=>"f", "Х"=>"kh", "Ц"=>"ts", "Ч"=>"ch", 
    "Ш"=>"sh", "Щ"=>"sch", "Ъ"=>"", "Ы"=>"y", "Ь"=>"", 
    "Э"=>"e", "Ю"=>"yu", "Я"=>"ya", "а"=>"a", "б"=>"b", 
    "в"=>"v", "г"=>"g", "д"=>"d", "е"=>"e", "ё"=>"yo", 
    "ж"=>"zh", "з"=>"z", "и"=>"i", "й"=>"j", "к"=>"k", 
    "л"=>"l", "м"=>"m", "н"=>"n", "о"=>"o", "п"=>"p", 
    "р"=>"r", "с"=>"s", "т"=>"t", "у"=>"u", "ф"=>"f", 
    "х"=>"kh", "ц"=>"ts", "ч"=>"ch", "ш"=>"sh", "щ"=>"sch", 
    "ъ"=>"", "ы"=>"y", "ь"=>"", "э"=>"e", "ю"=>"yu", 
    "я"=>"ya", " "=>"-", "."=>"", ","=>"", "/"=>"-",  
    ":"=>"", ";"=>"","—"=>"", "–"=>"-"
    );
return strtr($str,$tr);
}

希望这有助于某人。

答案 9 :(得分：1)

由于以上所有内容都不完整，这是我的版本：

    $textcyr="Тест на кирилице";
    $textlat="Test na kirilitse!";
         $cyr  = array('а','б','в','г','д','е','ё','ж','з','и','й','к','л','м','н','о','п','р','с','т','у', 
            'ф','х','ц','ч','ш','щ','ъ', 'ы','ь', 'э', 'ю','я',
            'А','Б','В','Г','Д','Е','Ё','Ж','З','И','Й','К','Л','М','Н','О','П','Р','С','Т','У',
            'Ф','Х','Ц','Ч','Ш','Щ','Ъ', 'Ы','Ь', 'Э', 'Ю','Я' );
$lat = array( 'a','b','v','g','d','e','e','zh','z','i','y','k','l','m','n','o','p','r','s','t','u',
            'f' ,'h' ,'ts' ,'ch','sh' ,'sht' ,'i', 'y', 'y', 'e' ,'yu' ,'ya','A','B','V','G','D','E','E','Zh',
            'Z','I','Y','K','L','M','N','O','P','R','S','T','U',
            'F' ,'H' ,'Ts' ,'Ch','Sh' ,'Sht' ,'I' ,'Y' ,'Y', 'E', 'Yu' ,'Ya' );

    $textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
    $textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);
    echo("$textcyr $textlat");

我更喜欢ё= e，ъ= i，ы= y和э= e因为我正在那样使用。

答案 10 :(得分：1)

尊重Yandex音译规则（http://www.translityandex.ru/）并转换大写：

function translit_russian_filenames( $filename ) {
    $info = pathinfo( $filename );
    $ext  = empty( $info['extension'] ) ? '' : '.' . $info['extension'];
    $name = basename( $filename, $ext );
     $cyr = array(
    'а', 'б', 'в', 'г', 'д', 'е', 'ё', 'ж', 'з', 'и', 'й', 'к', 'л', 'м', 'н', 'о', 'п', 'р', 'с', 'т', 'у', 'ф', 'х', 'ц', 'ч', 'ш', 'щ', 'ъ', 'ы', 'ь', 'э', 'ю', 'я',
    'А', 'Б', 'В', 'Г', 'Д', 'Е', 'Ё', 'Ж', 'З', 'И', 'Й', 'К', 'Л', 'М', 'Н', 'О', 'П', 'Р', 'С', 'Т', 'У', 'Ф', 'Х', 'Ц', 'Ч', 'Ш', 'Щ', 'Ъ', 'ы', 'Ь', 'Э', 'Ю', 'Я' );
    $lat = array(
    'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'yo', 'zh', 'z', 'i', 'y', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'ch', 'sh', 'shch', '', 'y', '', 'e', 'yu', 'ya',
    'a', 'b', 'v', 'g', 'd', 'e', 'yo', 'zh', 'z', 'i', 'y', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'f', 'h', 'c', 'ch', 'sh', 'shch', '', 'y', '', 'e', 'yu', 'ya');
    $name_translit = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $name);
    return $name_translit . $ext;
}
add_filter( 'sanitize_file_name', 'translit_russian_filenames', 10 );

答案 11 :(得分：1)

如果您想对每个字母进行准确的双重转换，则需要稍微改进方法。 我有用于 url 的翻译，并且使用数据库搜索 url 参数。这就是为什么保留确切字符而不用另一个替换一个字符对我来说非常重要。

！！！支持乌克兰符号。

/**
 * @param $string
 *
 * @return string only cyrillic letter
 */
function to_cyrillic($string):string
{
    $gost = [
        "a" => "а", "b" => "б", "v" => "в", "g" => "г", "d" => "д", "e" => "е", "yo" => "ё",
        "j" => "ж", "z" => "з", "ii" => "и", "ji" => "й", "k" => "к",
        "l" => "л", "m" => "м", "n" => "н", "o" => "о", "p" => "п", "r" => "р", "s" => "с", "t" => "т",
        "y" => "у", "f" => "ф", "h" => "х", "c" => "ц",
        "ch" => "ч", "sh" => "ш", "sch" => "щ", "ie" => "ы", "u" => "у", "ya" => "я", "A" => "А", "B" => "Б",
        "V" => "В", "G" => "Г", "D" => "Д", "E" => "Е", "Yo" => "Ё", "J" => "Ж", "Z" => "З", "I" => "И", "Ji" => "Й",
        "K" => "К", "L" => "Л", "M" => "М",
        "N" => "Н", "O" => "О", "P" => "П",
        "R" => "Р", "S" => "С", "T" => "Т", "Y" => "Ю", "F" => "Ф", "H" => "Х", "C" => "Ц", "Ch" => "Ч", "Sh" => "Ш",
        "Sch" => "Щ", "Ie" => "Ы", "U" => "У", "Ya" => "Я", "'" => "ь", "_'" => "Ь", "''" => "ъ", "_''" => "Ъ",
        "yi" => "ї", "ge" => "ґ",
        "ye" => "є",
        "Yi" => "Ї",
        "II" => "І",
        "Ge" => "Ґ",
        "YE" => "Є",
    ];
    return strtr($string, $gost);
}

/**
 * @param $string
 *
 * @return string only latin letter
 */
function to_latin($string):string
{
    $gost = [
        "а" => "a", "б" => "b", "в" => "v", "г" => "g", "д" => "d",
        "е" => "e", "ё" => "yo", "ж" => "j", "з" => "z", "и" => "ii",
        "й" => "ji", "к" => "k", "л" => "l", "м" => "m", "н" => "n",
        "о" => "o", "п" => "p", "р" => "r", "с" => "s", "т" => "t",
        "у" => "y", "ф" => "f", "х" => "h", "ц" => "c", "ч" => "ch",
        "ш" => "sh", "щ" => "sch", "ы" => "ie", "э" => "e", "ю" => "u",
        "я" => "ya",
        "А" => "A", "Б" => "B", "В" => "V", "Г" => "G", "Д" => "D",
        "Е" => "E", "Ё" => "Yo", "Ж" => "J", "З" => "Z", "И" => "I",
        "Й" => "Ji", "К" => "K", "Л" => "L", "М" => "M", "Н" => "N",
        "О" => "O", "П" => "P", "Р" => "R", "С" => "S", "Т" => "T",
        "У" => "Y", "Ф" => "F", "Х" => "H", "Ц" => "C", "Ч" => "Ch",
        "Ш" => "Sh", "Щ" => "Sch", "Ы" => "Ie", "Э" => "E", "Ю" => "U",
        "Я" => "Ya",
        "ь" => "'", "Ь" => "_'", "ъ" => "''", "Ъ" => "_''",
        "ї" => "yi",
        "і" => "ii",
        "ґ" => "ge",
        "є" => "ye",
        "Ї" => "Yi",
        "І" => "II",
        "Ґ" => "Ge",
        "Є" => "YE",
    ];
    return strtr($string, $gost);
}

答案 12 :(得分：0)

对我来说，最好的解决方案是使用

strtr("Информация",array('И'=>'I','н'=>'n','ф'=>'f', ...and so on... ))

答案 13 :(得分：0)

$textcyr = 'Њушка Ћушка Љубав Ђато ђата части ';

$textlat = 'Ljubav njuška džoša Džoša';
$textlat = str_replace("nj","њ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Nj","Њ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("lj","љ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Lj","Љ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("dž","џ",$textlat);
$textlat = str_replace("Dž","Џ",$textlat);


$textcyr = str_replace($cyr, $lat, $textcyr);
$textlat = str_replace($lat, $cyr, $textlat);

echo $textcyr;
echo $textlat;
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