如何在python中使用MySQLdb lib定义多语句函数或过程?
示例:
import MySQLdb
db = MySQLdb.connect(db='service')
c = db.cursor()
c.execute("""DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION trivial_func (radius float)
RETURNS FLOAT
BEGIN
IF radius > 1 THEN
RETURN 0.0;
ELSE
RETURN 1.0;
END IF;
END //
DELIMITER ;""")
创建以下追溯:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "proof.py", line 21, in <module>
DELIMITER ;""")
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.5-i386/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 173, in execute
File "build/bdist.macosx-10.5-i386/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 35, in defaulterrorhandler
_mysql_exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'DELIMITER //\nCREATE FUNCTION trivial_func (radius float) \n RETURNS FLOAT\n\n ' at line 1")
如果我将相同的SQL直接复制到mysql shell客户端,它可以按预期工作
答案 0 :(得分:18)
DELIMITER
命令是内置的MySQL shell客户端,只有该程序(和MySQL Query Browser)才能识别它。如果直接通过API执行SQL语句,则无需使用DELIMITER
。
DELIMITER
的目的是帮助您避免在语句本身可以包含分号字符时终止CREATE FUNCTION
语句的含糊不清。这在shell客户端中很重要,默认情况下,分号会终止SQL语句。您需要将语句终止符设置为其他字符,以便提交函数体(或触发器或过程)。
CREATE FUNCTION trivial_func (radius float)
RETURNS FLOAT
BEGIN
IF radius > 1 THEN
RETURN 0.0; <-- does this semicolon terminate RETURN or CREATE FUNCTION?
ELSE
RETURN 1.0;
END IF;
END
由于API通常允许您一次提交一个SQL语句,因此没有歧义 - 接口知道函数定义主体内的任何分号都不会终止整个CREATE FUNCTION
语句。因此,无需使用DELIMITER
更改语句终止符。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
为了添加Bill Karwin的答案,可以使用以下python代码示例来正确执行使用DELIMITER的字符串,例如数据库创建脚本。
import MySQLdb
db = MySQLdb.connect(db='service')
cursor = db.cursor()
dbString = """DELIMITER //
CREATE FUNCTION trivial_func (radius float)
RETURNS FLOAT
BEGIN
IF radius > 1 THEN
RETURN 0.0;
ELSE
RETURN 1.0;
END IF;
END //
DELIMITER ;"""
# Find special delimiters
delimiters = re.compile('DELIMITER *(\S*)',re.I)
result = delimiters.split(dbString)
# Insert default delimiter and separate delimiters and sql
result.insert(0,';')
delimiter = result[0::2]
section = result[1::2]
# Split queries on delimiters and execute
for i in range(len(delimiter)):
queries = section[i].split(delimiter[i])
for query in queries:
if not query.strip():
continue
cursor.execute(query)
这将一次执行一个分隔语句,在需要时更改分隔符。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
根据@AaronS的评论。此脚本将读入SQL文件,将其拆分为离散的SQL命令,并处理它找到的任何分隔符。
queries = []
delimiter = ';'
query = ''
with open('import.sql', 'r') as f:
for line in f.readlines():
line = line.strip()
if line.startswith('DELIMITER'):
delimiter = line[10:]
else:
query += line+'\n'
if line.endswith(delimiter):
# Get rid of the delimiter, remove any blank lines and add this query to our list
queries.append(query.strip().strip(delimiter))
query = ''
for query in queries:
if not query.strip():
continue
cursor.execute(query)
cursor.close()