Question

例如，匹配“”Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ“中没有额外模块的”Nation“。是否可以在新的Perl版本（5.14,5.15等）中使用？

我找到了答案！感谢 tchrist

UCA匹配的Rigth解决方案（thnx到https://stackoverflow.com/users/471272/tchrist）。

# found start/end offsets for matched utf-substring (without intersections)
use 5.014;
use strict; 
use warnings;
use utf8;
use Unicode::Collate;
binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ" x 2;
my $look = "Nation";
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(
    normalization => undef, level => 1
   );

my @match = $Collator->match($str, $look);
if (@match) {
    my $found = $match[0];
    my $f_len  = length($found);
    say "match result: $found (length is $f_len)"; 
    my $offset = 0;
    while ((my $start = index($str, $found, $offset)) != -1) {                                                  
        my $end   = $start + $f_len;
        say sprintf("found at: %s,%s", $start, $end);
        $offset = $end + 1;
    }
}

来自http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=485681

的错误（但有效）解决方案

魔法代码是：

    $str = Unicode::Normalize::NFD($str); $str =~ s/\pM//g;

代码示例：

    use 5.014;
    use utf8;
    use Unicode::Normalize;

    binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
    my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ";
    my $look = "Nation";
    say "before: $str\n";
    $str = NFD($str);
    # M is short alias for \p{Mark} (http://perldoc.perl.org/perluniprops.html)
    $str =~ s/\pM//og; # remove "marks"
    say "after: $str";¬
    say "is_match: ", $str =~ /$look/i || 0;

Answer 1

使用UCA的正确解决方案（thnx to tchrist ）：

# found start/end offsets for matched s
use 5.014;
use utf8;
use Unicode::Collate;
binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
my $str  = "Îñţérñåţîöñåļîžåţîöñ" x 2;
my $look = "Nation";
my $Collator = Unicode::Collate->new(
    normalization => undef, level => 1
   );

my @match = $Collator->match($str, $look);
say "match ok!" if @match;

P.S。 “假设你可以删除变音符号以获得基本ASCII字母的代码是邪恶的，仍然存在，破坏，脑损坏，错误以及死刑的理由。” © tchrist Why does modern Perl avoid UTF-8 by default?

Answer 2

“没有额外的模块”是什么意思？

以下是use Unicode::Normalize; see on perl doc

的解决方案

我从你的字符串中删除了“ţ”和“ļ”，我的日食不想用它们保存脚本。

use strict;
use warnings;
use UTF8;
use Unicode::Normalize;

my $str = "Îñtérñåtîöñålîžåtîöñ";

for ( $str ) {  # the variable we work on
   ##  convert to Unicode first
   ##  if your data comes in Latin-1, then uncomment:
   #$_ = Encode::decode( 'iso-8859-1', $_ );  
   $_ = NFD( $_ );   ##  decompose
   s/\pM//g;         ##  strip combining characters
   s/[^\0-\x80]//g;  ##  clear everything else
 }

if ($str =~ /nation/) {
  print $str . "\n";
}

输出

国际化

“ž”从字符串中删除，似乎不是一个组合字符。

for循环的代码来自此方How to remove diacritic marks from characters

另一个有趣的读物是来自Joel Spolsky的The Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)

<强>更新

正如@tchrist所指出的，存在一种更适合的算法，称为UCA（Unicode校对算法）。 @nordicdyno，已在他的问题中提供了一个实现。

此处描述了算法Unicode Technical Standard #10, Unicode Collation Algorithm

perl模块在perldoc.perl.org

中描述

如何在perl中匹配字符串与变音符号？

2 个答案: