插入更新触发器如何确定是否插入或更新

时间：2009-04-12 07:42:31

标签： sql-server tsql triggers

我需要在表A上编写一个Insert，Update Trigger，它将删除表B中的所有行，其中一列（比如Desc）的值类似于表A列中插入/更新的值（比如Col1）。我将如何编写它以便我可以处理Update和Insert案例。我如何确定是否为更新或插入执行了触发器。

22 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：150)

如果是MS SQL Server ......

触发器具有特殊的INSERTED和DELETED表来跟踪“之前”和“之后”数据。因此，您可以使用IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM DELETED)之类的内容来检测更新。更新时只有DELETED中的行，但INSERTED中始终有行。

在CREATE TRIGGER

中查找“已插入”

编辑，2011年11月23日

发表评论后，此答案仅适用于INSERTED和UPDATED触发器 显然，正如我上面所说的那样，DELETE触发器不能具有“INSERTED中的总行”

答案 1 :(得分：114)

CREATE TRIGGER dbo.TableName_IUD
ON dbo.TableName
AFTER INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS 
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    --
    -- Check if this is an INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE Action.
    -- 
    DECLARE @action as char(1);

    SET @action = 'I'; -- Set Action to Insert by default.
    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)
    BEGIN
        SET @action = 
            CASE
                WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED) THEN 'U' -- Set Action to Updated.
                ELSE 'D' -- Set Action to Deleted.       
            END
    END
    ELSE 
        IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED) RETURN; -- Nothing updated or inserted.

    ...

    END

答案 2 :(得分：73)

如果您运行删除任何内容的删除语句，其中许多建议都不会考虑在内。
假设您尝试删除ID等于表中不存在的某个值的位置。
您的触发器仍然被调用，但“已删除”或“已插入”表中没有任何内容。

使用它是安全的：

--Determine if this is an INSERT,UPDATE, or DELETE Action or a "failed delete".
DECLARE @Action as char(1);
    SET @Action = (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
                         AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)
                        THEN 'U'  -- Set Action to Updated.
                        WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
                        THEN 'I'  -- Set Action to Insert.
                        WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)
                        THEN 'D'  -- Set Action to Deleted.
                        ELSE NULL -- Skip. It may have been a "failed delete".   
                    END)

特别感谢@KenDog和@Net_Prog的回答。 我是用脚本建的。

答案 3 :(得分：17)

我使用以下内容，它还可以正确检测删除任何内容的删除语句：

CREATE TRIGGER dbo.TR_TableName_TriggerName
    ON dbo.TableName
    AFTER INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
        -- DELETE
        PRINT 'DELETE';
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)
            -- INSERT
            PRINT 'INSERT';
        ELSE
            -- UPDATE
            PRINT 'UPDATE';
    END
END;

答案 4 :(得分：11)

经过大量搜索后，我找不到单个SQL Server触发器的确切示例，该触发器处理触发器操作INSERT，UPDATE和DELETE的所有（3）三个条件。我终于找到了一行文字，其中谈到了当发生DELETE或UPDATE时，公共DELETED表将包含这两个动作的记录。基于该信息，我创建了一个小的Action例程，用于确定触发器被激活的原因。当在INSERT与UPDATE触发器上同时存在公共配置和特定操作时，有时需要此类型的接口。在这些情况下，为UPDATE和INSERT创建单独的触发器将成为维护问题。 （即两个触发器是否都已正确更新以进行必要的通用数据算法修复？）

为此，我想提供以下多触发事件代码片段，用于在Microsoft SQL Server的一个触发器中处理INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE。

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[INSUPDDEL_MyDataTable]
ON [dbo].[MyDataTable] FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS 

-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from
-- interfering with caller queries SELECT statements.
-- If an update/insert/delete occurs on the main table, the number of records affected
-- should only be based on that table and not what records the triggers may/may not
-- select.
SET NOCOUNT ON;

--
-- Variables Needed for this Trigger
-- 
DECLARE @PACKLIST_ID varchar(15)
DECLARE @LINE_NO smallint
DECLARE @SHIPPED_QTY decimal(14,4)
DECLARE @CUST_ORDER_ID varchar(15)
--
-- Determine if this is an INSERT,UPDATE, or DELETE Action
-- 
DECLARE @Action as char(1)
DECLARE @Count as int
SET @Action = 'I' -- Set Action to 'I'nsert by default.
SELECT @Count = COUNT(*) FROM DELETED
if @Count > 0
    BEGIN
        SET @Action = 'D' -- Set Action to 'D'eleted.
        SELECT @Count = COUNT(*) FROM INSERTED
        IF @Count > 0
            SET @Action = 'U' -- Set Action to 'U'pdated.
    END

if @Action = 'D'
    -- This is a DELETE Record Action
    --
    BEGIN
        SELECT @PACKLIST_ID =[PACKLIST_ID]
                    ,@LINE_NO = [LINE_NO]
        FROM DELETED

        DELETE [dbo].[MyDataTable]
        WHERE [PACKLIST_ID]=@PACKLIST_ID AND [LINE_NO]=@LINE_NO
    END
 Else
    BEGIN
            --
            -- Table INSERTED is common to both the INSERT, UPDATE trigger
            --
            SELECT @PACKLIST_ID =[PACKLIST_ID]
                ,@LINE_NO = [LINE_NO]
                ,@SHIPPED_QTY =[SHIPPED_QTY]
                ,@CUST_ORDER_ID = [CUST_ORDER_ID]
            FROM INSERTED 

         if @Action = 'I'
            -- This is an Insert Record Action
            --
            BEGIN
                INSERT INTO [MyChildTable]
                    (([PACKLIST_ID]
                    ,[LINE_NO]
                    ,[STATUS]
                VALUES
                    (@PACKLIST_ID
                    ,@LINE_NO
                    ,'New Record'
                    )
            END
        else
            -- This is an Update Record Action
            --
            BEGIN
                UPDATE [MyChildTable]
                    SET [PACKLIST_ID] = @PACKLIST_ID
                          ,[LINE_NO] = @LINE_NO
                          ,[STATUS]='Update Record'
                WHERE [PACKLIST_ID]=@PACKLIST_ID AND [LINE_NO]=@LINE_NO
            END
    END

答案 5 :(得分：8)

我认为嵌套有点令人困惑，并且：

  

Flat比嵌套[Python的禅宗]

更好

）

DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS AFTER_MYTABLE

GO

CREATE TRIGGER dbo.AFTER_MYTABLE ON dbo.MYTABLE AFTER INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE 

AS BEGIN 

    --- FILL THE BEGIN/END SECTION FOR YOUR NEEDS.

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)  AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED) 
        BEGIN PRINT 'UPDATE' END 
    ELSE IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)  AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED) 
        BEGIN PRINT 'INSERT' END 
    ELSE IF    EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED) AND NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
        BEGIN PRINT 'DELETED' END
    ELSE BEGIN PRINT 'NOTHING CHANGED'; RETURN; END  -- NOTHING

END

答案 6 :(得分：5)

试试这个.. 

ALTER TRIGGER ImportacionesGS ON dbo.Compra 
    AFTER INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
BEGIN
  -- idCompra is PK
  DECLARE @vIdCompra_Ins INT,@vIdCompra_Del INT
  SELECT @vIdCompra_Ins=Inserted.idCompra FROM Inserted
  SELECT @vIdCompra_Del=Deleted.idCompra FROM Deleted
  IF (@vIdCompra_Ins IS NOT NULL AND @vIdCompra_Del IS NULL)  
  Begin
     -- Todo Insert
  End
  IF (@vIdCompra_Ins IS NOT NULL AND @vIdCompra_Del IS NOT NULL)
  Begin
     -- Todo Update
  End
  IF (@vIdCompra_Ins IS NULL AND @vIdCompra_Del IS NOT NULL)
  Begin
     -- Todo Delete
  End
END

答案 7 :(得分：3)

提供的两个解决方案的一个潜在问题是，根据它们的编写方式，更新查询可能会更新零记录，插入查询可能会插入零记录。在这些情况下，Inserted和Deleted记录集将为空。在许多情况下，如果Inserted和Deleted记录集都为空，您可能只想退出触发器而不做任何事情。

答案 8 :(得分：2)

DECLARE @ActionType CHAR(6);
SELECT  @ActionType = COALESCE(CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
                                     AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)  THEN 'UPDATE' END,
                               CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM DELETED)  THEN 'DELETE' END,
                               CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM INSERTED) THEN 'INSERT' END);
PRINT   @ActionType;

答案 9 :(得分：2)

虽然我也喜欢@Alex发布的答案，但我将此变体提供给@ Graham上面的解决方案

这仅在INSERTED和UPDATED表中使用记录存在，而不是在第一次测试中使用COLUMNS_UPDATED。 它还为偏执的程序员提供了解，因为他们知道最后的案例已被考虑...... 

declare @action varchar(4)
    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM INSERTED)
        BEGIN
            IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM DELETED) 
                SET @action = 'U'  -- update
            ELSE
                SET @action = 'I'  --insert
        END
    ELSE IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM DELETED)
        SET @action = 'D'  -- delete
    else 
        set @action = 'noop' --no records affected
--print @action

你会得到NOOP，声明如下：

update tbl1 set col1='cat' where 1=2

答案 10 :(得分：2)

我在格雷厄姆发现了一个小错误，否则很酷的解决方案：

应该是 IF COLUMNS_UPDATED（）＆lt; ＆gt; 0 - 插入或更新
而不是＆gt; 0 可能是因为顶部位被解释为SIGNED整数符号位...（？）。 所以总的来说：

DECLARE @action CHAR(8)  
IF COLUMNS_UPDATED() <> 0 -- delete or update?
BEGIN     
  IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM deleted) -- updated cols + old rows means action=update       
    SET @action = 'UPDATE'     
  ELSE
    SET @action = 'INSERT' -- updated columns and nothing deleted means action=insert
END 
ELSE -- delete     
BEGIN
  SET @action = 'DELETE'
END

答案 11 :(得分：2)

这可能是一种更快捷的方式：

DECLARE @action char(1)

IF COLUMNS_UPDATED() > 0 -- insert or update
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM DELETED) -- update
        SET @action = 'U'
    ELSE
        SET @action = 'I'
    END
ELSE -- delete
    SET @action = 'D'

答案 12 :(得分：1)

declare @insCount int
declare @delCount int
declare @action char(1)

select @insCount = count(*) from INSERTED
select @delCount = count(*) from DELETED

    if(@insCount > 0 or @delCount > 0)--if something was actually affected, otherwise do nothing
    Begin
        if(@insCount = @delCount)
            set @action = 'U'--is update
        else if(@insCount > 0)
            set @action = 'I' --is insert
        else
            set @action = 'D' --is delete

        --do stuff here
    End

答案 13 :(得分：1)

这对我有用：

declare @action_type int;
select @action_type = case
                       when i.id is not null and d.id is     null then 1 -- insert
                       when i.id is not null and d.id is not null then 2 -- update
                       when i.id is     null and d.id is not null then 3 -- delete
                     end
  from      inserted i
  full join deleted  d on d.id = i.id

由于并非所有列都可以一次更新，您可以通过以下方式检查特定列是否正在更新：

IF UPDATE([column_name])

答案 14 :(得分：1)

我喜欢“计算机科学优雅”的解决方案。我的解决方案在这里每次点击[inserted]和[deleted] pseudotables以获取它们的状态并将结果放入位映射变量。然后，INSERT，UPDATE和DELETE的每个可能组合都可以通过有效的二进制评估在整个触发器中轻松测试（除了不太可能的INSERT或DELETE组合）。

它确实假设如果没有修改行（这应该满足绝大多数情况），DML语句是什么并不重要。因此，虽然它不像Roman Pekar的解决方案那么完整，但效率更高。

通过这种方法，我们可以在每个表中触发一个“FOR INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE”触发器，使我们A）完全控制动作顺序，b）每个多动作适用的动作一个代码实现。 （显然，每种实现模型都有其优点和缺点;您需要单独评估您的系统，以确定哪种方式最佳。）

请注意，“存在（select * from«inserted / deleted»）”语句非常有效，因为没有磁盘访问权限（https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/01744422-23fe-42f6-9ab0-a255cdf2904a）。

use tempdb
;
create table dbo.TrigAction (asdf int)
;
GO
create trigger dbo.TrigActionTrig
on dbo.TrigAction
for INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
as
declare @Action tinyint
;
-- Create bit map in @Action using bitwise OR "|"
set @Action = (-- 1: INSERT, 2: DELETE, 3: UPDATE, 0: No Rows Modified 
  (select case when exists (select * from inserted) then 1 else 0 end)
| (select case when exists (select * from deleted ) then 2 else 0 end))
;
-- 21 <- Binary bit values
-- 00 -> No Rows Modified
-- 01 -> INSERT -- INSERT and UPDATE have the 1 bit set
-- 11 -> UPDATE <
-- 10 -> DELETE -- DELETE and UPDATE have the 2 bit set

raiserror(N'@Action = %d', 10, 1, @Action) with nowait
;
if (@Action = 0) raiserror(N'No Data Modified.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for INSERT only
if (@Action = 1) raiserror(N'Only for INSERT.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for UPDATE only
if (@Action = 3) raiserror(N'Only for UPDATE.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for DELETE only
if (@Action = 2) raiserror(N'Only for DELETE.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for INSERT or UPDATE
if (@Action & 1 = 1) raiserror(N'For INSERT or UPDATE.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for UPDATE or DELETE
if (@Action & 2 = 2) raiserror(N'For UPDATE or DELETE.', 10, 1) with nowait
;
-- do things for INSERT or DELETE (unlikely)
if (@Action in (1,2)) raiserror(N'For INSERT or DELETE.', 10, 1) with nowait
-- if already "return" on @Action = 0, then use @Action < 3 for INSERT or DELETE
;
GO

set nocount on;

raiserror(N'
INSERT 0...', 10, 1) with nowait;
insert dbo.TrigAction (asdf) select top 0 object_id from sys.objects;

raiserror(N'
INSERT 3...', 10, 1) with nowait;
insert dbo.TrigAction (asdf) select top 3 object_id from sys.objects;

raiserror(N'
UPDATE 0...', 10, 1) with nowait;
update t set asdf = asdf /1 from dbo.TrigAction t where asdf <> asdf;

raiserror(N'
UPDATE 3...', 10, 1) with nowait;
update t set asdf = asdf /1 from dbo.TrigAction t;

raiserror(N'
DELETE 0...', 10, 1) with nowait;
delete t from dbo.TrigAction t where asdf < 0;

raiserror(N'
DELETE 3...', 10, 1) with nowait;
delete t from dbo.TrigAction t;
GO

drop table dbo.TrigAction
;
GO

答案 15 :(得分：0)

只是简单的方式

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[WO_EXECUTION_TRIU_RECORD] ON [dbo].[WO_EXECUTION]
WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
BEGIN  

  select @vars = [column] from inserted 
  IF UPDATE([column]) BEGIN
    -- do update action base on @vars 
  END ELSE BEGIN
    -- do insert action base on @vars 
  END

END

答案 16 :(得分：0)

DECLARE @INSERTEDCOUNT INT,
        @DELETEDCOUNT INT

SELECT @INSERTEDCOUNT = COUNT([YourColumnName]) FROM inserted

SELECT @DELETEDCOUNT = COUNT([YourColumnName]) FROM deleted

如果更新

 @INSERTEDCOUNT = 1
 @DELETEDCOUNT = 1

如果插入

 @INSERTEDCOUNT = 1
 @DELETEDCOUNT = 0

答案 17 :(得分：0)

我已经长时间使用了这些exists (select * from inserted/deleted)查询，但对于空CRUD操作（inserted中没有记录时仍然不够） deleted表）。因此，在研究了这个主题之后，我发现了更精确的解决方案：

declare
    @columns_count int = ?? -- number of columns in the table,
    @columns_updated_count int = 0

-- this is kind of long way to get number of actually updated columns
-- from columns_updated() mask, it's better to create helper table
-- or at least function in the real system
with cte_columns as (
    select @columns_count as n
    union all
    select n - 1 from cte_columns where n > 1
), cte_bitmasks as (
    select
        n,
        (n - 1) / 8 + 1 as byte_number,
        power(2, (n - 1) % 8) as bit_mask
    from cte_columns
)
select
    @columns_updated_count = count(*)
from cte_bitmasks as c
where
    convert(varbinary(1), substring(@columns_updated_mask, c.byte_number, 1)) & c.bit_mask > 0

-- actual check
if exists (select * from inserted)
    if exists (select * from deleted)
        select @operation = 'U'
    else
        select @operation = 'I'
else if exists (select * from deleted)
    select @operation = 'D'
else if @columns_updated_count = @columns_count
    select @operation = 'I'
else if @columns_updated_count > 0
    select @operation = 'U'
else
    select @operation = 'D'

也可以使用columns_updated() & power(2, column_id - 1) > 0来查看列是否已更新，但对于列数较多的表，它不安全。我使用了一种复杂的计算方法（参见下面的有用文章）。

此外，这种方法仍会错误地将某些更新分类为插入（如果表中的每一列都受更新影响），并且可能会将只插入默认值的插入分类为删除，但这些是罕见的王者操作（至少在我的系统中）。 除此之外，我现在还不知道如何改进这个解决方案。

答案 18 :(得分：0)

快速解决MySQL

顺便说一下：我正在使用MySQL PDO。

（1）在自动增量表中，只要每个脚本首先运行，就从增量列中获取最高值（我的列名= id）：

$select = "
    SELECT  MAX(id) AS maxid
    FROM    [tablename]
    LIMIT   1
";

（2）按正常方式运行MySQL查询，并将结果转换为整数，例如：

$iMaxId = (int) $result[0]->maxid;

（3）在“INSERT INTO ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE”查询后，获取最后插入的ID，例如：

$iLastInsertId = (int) $db->lastInsertId();

（4）比较并做出反应：如果lastInsertId高于表中的最高值，那么它可能是INSERT，对吗？反之亦然。

if ($iLastInsertId > $iMaxObjektId) {
    // IT'S AN INSERT
}
else {
    // IT'S AN UPDATE
}

我知道这很快，也许很脏。这是一个老帖子。但是，嘿，我正在寻找一个解决方案很长一段时间，也许有人发现我的方式有点有用。一切顺利！

答案 19 :(得分：0)

在第一个场景中，我认为你的表有IDENTITY列

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[insupddel_yourTable] ON [yourTable]
FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 return
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @action nvarchar(10)
SELECT @action = CASE WHEN COUNT(i.Id) > COUNT(d.Id) THEN 'inserted'
                      WHEN COUNT(i.Id) < COUNT(d.Id) THEN 'deleted' ELSE 'updated' END
FROM inserted i FULL JOIN deleted d ON i.Id = d.Id

在第二种情况下，不需要使用IDENTITTY列

CREATE TRIGGER [dbo].[insupddel_yourTable] ON [yourTable]
FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
AS
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 return
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @action nvarchar(10),
        @insCount int = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM inserted),
        @delCount int = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM deleted)
SELECT @action = CASE WHEN @insCount > @delCount THEN 'inserted'
                      WHEN @insCount < @delCount THEN 'deleted' ELSE 'updated' END

答案 20 :(得分：0)

declare @result as smallint
declare @delete as smallint = 2
declare @insert as smallint = 4
declare @update as smallint = 6
SELECT @result = POWER(2*(SELECT count(*) from deleted),1) + POWER(2*(SELECT 
     count(*) from inserted),2)

if (@result & @update = @update) 
BEGIN
  print 'update'
  SET @result=0
END
if (@result & @delete = @delete)
  print 'delete'
if (@result & @insert = @insert)
  print 'insert'

答案 21 :(得分：0)

我这样做：

select isnull((select top 1 1 from inserted t1),0) + isnull((select top 1 2 from deleted t1),0)

1->插入

2->删除

3->更新

set @i = isnull((select top 1 1 from inserted t1),0) + isnull((select top 1 2 from deleted t1),0)
--select @i

declare @action varchar(1) = case @i when 1 then 'I' when 2 then 'D' when 3 then 'U' end
--select @action


select @action c1,* from inserted t1 where @i in (1,3) union all
select @action c1,* from deleted t1 where @i in (2)
相关问题
最新问题