我有一张产品表。该表中的每一行对应一个产品，并由唯一的Id标识。现在每个产品可以有多个与该产品相关的“代码”。例如：
Id | Code ---------------------- 0001 | IN,ON,ME,OH 0002 | ON,VI,AC,ZO 0003 | QA,PS,OO,ME
我要做的是创建一个存储过程，以便我可以传入像“ON，ME”这样的代码，让它返回包含“ON”或“ME”代码的每个产品。由于代码以逗号分隔，我不知道如何拆分它们并搜索它们。这只能使用TSQL吗？
编辑：这是一个关键任务表。我没有权力改变它。
答案 0 :(得分：11)
您应该将代码存储在单独的表中，因为您有多对多的关系。如果你将它们分开，那么你就可以轻松检查。
可以使用您现在拥有的系统类型，但需要对列进行文本搜索，每行可进行多次搜索，这会在数据增长时出现严重的性能问题。
如果您尝试沿着当前路径走下去： 您必须拆分输入字符串，因为没有什么能保证每条记录上的代码与输入参数的顺序相同（或连续）。那你就得做一个
Code LIKE '%IN%'
AND Code Like '%QA%'
使用您要检查的每个代码的附加语句进行查询。非常低效。
下面的UDF想法也是一个好主意。但是，根据您的数据大小以及查询和更新的频率，您可能也会遇到问题。
是否可以创建一个规范化的附加表，该表在计划的基础上（或基于触发器）进行同步以供您查询？
答案 1 :(得分：8)
首先，让我们让原始表格变成这样：
Id | Value
-----+------
0001 | IN
0001 | ME
0001 | OH
0001 | ON
0002 | AC
0002 | ON
0002 | VI
0002 | ZO
0003 | ME
0003 | OO
0003 | PS
0003 | QA
通过将逗号分隔值解析为行来完成。然后使用强大的CROSS APPLY关键字与原始表连接以检索它的Id。下一步就是查询此CTE。
create function FnSplitToTable
(
@param nvarchar(4000)
)
returns table as
return
with
Num(Pos) as -- list of positions, numbered from 1 to 4000, largest nvarchar
(
select cast(1 as int)
union all
select cast(Pos + 1 as int) from Num where Pos < 4000
)
select substring(@Param, Pos,
charindex(',', @Param + ',', Pos) - Pos) as Value
from Num where Pos <= convert(int, len(@Param))
and substring(',' + @Param, Pos, 1) = ','
go
create proc ProcGetProductId
(
@Codes nvarchar(4000)
)
as
with
Src
(
Id,
Code
)
as
(
select '0001', 'IN,ON,ME,OH'
union all
select '0002', 'ON,VI,AC,ZO'
union all
select '0003', 'QA,PS,OO,ME'
),
Parse as
(
select
s.Id,
f.Value
from
Src as s
cross apply
FnSplitToTable(s.Code) as f
)
select distinct
p.Id
from
Parse as p
join
FnSplitToTable(@Codes) as f
on
p.Value = f.Value
option (maxrecursion 4000)
go
exec ProcGetProductId 'IN,ME' -- returns 0001 & 0003
答案 2 :(得分：7)
其他人似乎非常渴望告诉你，你不应该这样做，虽然我没有看到任何明确的解释为什么不。
除了违反规范化规则之外，原因是你要对所有行进行表扫描，因为你不能对该列中的各个“值”有索引。
简单地说，数据库引擎无法保留哪些行包含代码“AC”的快速列表，除非您将其分解为单独的表，或者将其自身放入列中
现在，如果您的SELECT语句中有其他条件将行数限制为某个可管理的数字，那么也许这样就可以了，但如果可以，我会尽量避免使用此解决方案并执行此操作别人已经告诉你的事情，把它分成一个单独的表格。
现在，如果您坚持使用此设计，可以使用以下类型的查询进行搜索：
...
WHERE ',' + Code + ',' LIKE '%,AC,%'
这将：
我不知道在你的情况下最后一个是否可行，如果你只有2个字母的代码，那么你可以使用这个：
...
WHERE Code LIKE '%AC%'
但是，除非你使用其他标准限制行数，否则这将会非常糟糕。
答案 3 :(得分：5)
虽然所有以前的海报都是关于db模式规范化的正确的，但你可以使用“Table-Valued UDF”来做你想要的事情，它采用分隔字符串并返回一个表，每个值在字符串中有一行...您可以像使用存储过程中的任何其他表一样使用此表，加入它等...这将解决您的直接问题......
以下是此类UDF的链接：FN_Split UDF
虽然文章讨论了使用它将分隔的数据值列表传递给存储过程，但您可以使用相同的UDF对存储在现有表的列中的分隔字符串进行操作....
答案 4 :(得分：4)
存储数据的方式会破坏规范化规则。每个字段中只应存储一个原子值。您应该将每个项目存储在一行中。
答案 5 :(得分：4)
超过1年的问题，但仍然认为它会有用。您可以使用MySql的FIND_IN_SET函数。我不确定其他DBMS是否支持它。
您可以按如下方式使用此功能：
SELECT * FROM `table_name` WHERE FIND_IN_SET('AC', `Code`) > 0
答案 6 :(得分：0)
如果您坚持使用该数据库设计，这可能是不可能的，但将代码放入另一个表中的单独记录会更容易：
ProductCode
-----------
ProductID (FK to Product.ID)
Code (varchar)
表格可能如下所示：
ProductID Code
-----------------
0001 IN
0001 ON
0001 ME
...
查询看起来像这样（你必须以某种方式传递代码 - 作为单独的变量，或者你在proc中分割的逗号分隔的字符串）：
select ProductID
from ProductCode
where Code in ('ON', 'ME')
答案 7 :(得分：0)
我同意其他海报，你应该仔细研究架构规范化，但我也知道快捷方式是生活的一部分。
这是一个用Sybase方言编写的示例函数，可以执行您的操作：
ALTER FUNCTION "DBA"."f_IsInStringList"( IN @thisItem char(2), IN @thisList varchar(4000) )
RETURNS INTEGER
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE is_member bit;
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (thisItem char(2)) ;
DECLARE @tempstring varchar(10);
DECLARE @count integer;
IF LENGTH(TRIM(@thisList)) > 0 THEN
WHILE LENGTH(TRIM(@thisList)) > 0 LOOP
-- loop over comma-separated list and stuff members into temp table
IF LOCATE ( @thisList, ',' , 1) > 0 THEN
SET @count = LOCATE ( @thisList, ',' , 1);
SET @tempstring = SUBSTRING ( @thisList, 1,@count-1 );
INSERT INTO tmp ( thisItem ) VALUES ( @tempstring );
SET @thisList = STUFF ( @thisList, 1, @count, '' )
ELSE
INSERT INTO tmp ( thisItem ) VALUES ( @thisList );
SET @thisList = NULL;
END IF;
END LOOP ;
END IF;
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE thisItem = @thisItem ) THEN
SET is_member = 1;
ELSE
SET is_member = 0 ;
END IF ;
RETURN is_member;
END
然后，您可以构建一个简单查询来检查以逗号分隔的字符串中是否出现值：
select * from some_table t
WHERE f_IsInStringList('OR', t.your_comma_separated_column) = 1 OR
f_IsInStringList('ME', t.your_comma_separated_column) = 1
答案 8 :(得分：0)
第一步：创建功能的代码
<font face="Courier New" size="2">
<font color = "blue">CREATE</font> <font color = "blue">FUNCTION</font> <font color = "maroon">[dbo]</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "#FF0080"><b>[Udflistofids]</b></font> <font color = "maroon">(</font>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>-- Add the parameters for the function here</i></font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">max</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>--, @IDsSeperationChar as varchar(5) = ','</i></font>
<br/><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID1</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID2</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID3</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID4</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID5</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "maroon">returns</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@TabListOfIDs</font> <font color = "blue">TABLE</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>-- Add the column definitions for the TABLE variable here</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">id</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">50</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid1</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid2</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid3</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid4</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid5</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "blue">AS</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>-- Fill the table variable with the rows for your result set</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>INT</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">50</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "red">','</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @ListOfIDs = REPLACE( @ListOfIDs, @IDsSeperationChar, ',')</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Ltrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>Rtrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Patindex</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">'%'</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">'%'</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @Pos = CHARINDEX(@IDsSeperationChar, @ListOfIDs, 1)</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">IF</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Replace</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "red">''</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver"><></font> <font color = "red">''</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">WHILE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">></font> <font color = "black">0</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Ltrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>Rtrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>LEFT</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">-</font> <font color = "black">1</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">IF</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver"><></font> <font color = "red">''</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">INSERT</font> <font color = "blue">INTO</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@TabListOfIDs</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">id</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid1</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid2</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid3</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid4</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">VALUES</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID1</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID2</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID3</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID4</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "green"><i>--Use Appropriate conversion</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>RIGHT</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Len</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver">-</font>
<br/> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Len</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Patindex</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">'%'</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">'%'</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @Pos = CHARINDEX(@IDsSeperationChar, @ListOfIDs, 1)</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">RETURN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "maroon">go</font>
</font>
**2nd Step : Code to get the result**
<font face="Courier New" size="2">
<font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font> <font color = "black"><i>NVARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">max</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "blue">SELECT</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "red">''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Substring</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font> <font color = "blue">SELECT</font> <font color = "red">' Union '</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">'Select * from dbo.udfListOfIDs('''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">code</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">''', '''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">id</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">''', '''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">code</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">''', null,null,null )'</font> <font color = "blue">FROM</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font> <font color = "blue">FOR</font> <font color = "maroon">xml</font> <font color = "maroon">path</font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">''</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "black">7</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "black">200000</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">' Order by UniqueID1, UniqueID2, UniqueID3, UniqueID4, UniqueID5, ID'</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>--Select @udvMax</i></font>
<br/><font color = "blue">EXECUTE</font> <font color = "#FF0080"><b>Sp_executesql</b></font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font>
</font>
****可能你可能需要在第二步的select语句中添加你的标准。**
希望这会对你有所帮助。
JP
答案 9 :(得分：0)
虽然在您的情况下简单LIKE可行，但以下是解析逗号分隔字符串Table Normalization (Parse comma separated fields into individual records)的解决方案。
答案 10 :(得分：0)
如果你想用php和mysql做这件事 它可以是任意数量的关键字无限制
$var = explode(',',"ahmad,sayeed,asmal,babu");
$query = "SELECT * FROM post WHERE post_tags LIKE '%a%' ";
$query1=NULL;
foreach($var as $value)
{
$query1.= " OR post_tags LIKE '%$value%' ";
}
echo "$query $query1";
输出：
SELECT * FROM post WHERE post_tags LIKE'％a％'或post_tags LIKE '％ahmad％'或post_tags LIKE'％sayeed％'或post_tags LIKE'％asmal％'或 post_tags LIKE'％babu％'