如何从Python调用包含管道的shell命令并捕获输出?
假设命令类似于:
cat file.log | tail -1
Perl相当于我想要做的事情就像:
my $string = `cat file.log | tail -1`;
答案 0 :(得分:46)
使用subprocess.PIPE,如子流程文档部分"Replacing shell pipeline"中所述:
import subprocess
p1 = subprocess.Popen(["cat", "file.log"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p2 = subprocess.Popen(["tail", "-1"], stdin=p1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
p1.stdout.close() # Allow p1 to receive a SIGPIPE if p2 exits.
output,err = p2.communicate()
或者,使用sh
module,管道变为composition of functions:
import sh
output = sh.tail(sh.cat('file.log'), '-1')
答案 1 :(得分:7)
import subprocess
task = subprocess.Popen("cat file.log | tail -1", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
data = task.stdout.read()
assert task.wait() == 0
请注意,这不会捕获stderr。如果你想捕获stderr,你需要使用task.communicate()
;如果stderr的缓冲区填满,则调用task.stdout.read()
然后task.stderr.read()
会死锁。如果你想要它们的组合,你应该能够使用2>&1
作为shell命令的一部分。
但鉴于你的具体情况,
task = subprocess.Popen(['tail', '-1', 'file.log'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
data = task.stdout.read()
assert task.wait() == 0
根本不需要管道。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
此:
import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen("cat file.log | tail -1", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
#for shell=False use absolute paths
p_stdout = p.stdout.read()
p_stderr = p.stderr.read()
print p_stdout
或者这应该有效:
import os
result = os.system("cat file.log | tail -1")
答案 3 :(得分:1)
与Popen类似的另一种方式是:
command=r"""cat file.log | tail -1 """
output=subprocess.check_output(command, shell=True)
答案 4 :(得分:0)
这是来自 @chown 的分支,但有一些改进:
import subprocess
的别名,在设置参数时更容易stderr
stdin
或Popen
shell=True
是必要的,以便为命令行调用解释器#!/usr/bin/python3
import subprocess as sp
p = sp.Popen("cat app.log | grep guido", shell=True, stdout=sp.PIPE)
output = p.stdout.read()
print(output.decode('utf-8'))
$ cat app.log
2017-10-14 22:34:12, User Removed [albert.wesker]
2017-10-26 18:14:02, User Removed [alexei.ivanovich]
2017-10-28 12:14:56, User Created [ivan.leon]
2017-11-14 09:22:07, User Created [guido.rossum]
$ python3 subproc.py
2017-11-14 09:22:07, User Created [guido.rossum]
答案 5 :(得分:0)
具有许多管道的运行shell命令的简单功能
使用
res, err = eval_shell_cmd('pacman -Qii | grep MODIFIED | grep -v UN | cut -f 2')
功能
import subprocess
def eval_shell_cmd(command, debug=False):
"""
Eval shell command with pipes and return result
:param command: Shell command
:param debug: Debug flag
:return: Result string
"""
processes = command.split(' | ')
if debug:
print('Processes:', processes)
for index, value in enumerate(processes):
args = value.split(' ')
if debug:
print(index, args)
if index == 0:
p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
else:
p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdin=p.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
if index == len(processes) - 1:
result, error = p.communicate()
return result.decode('utf-8'), error