我想生成随机唯一字符串,例如MSDN库生成的字符串:
例如,http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/t9zk6eay.aspx。应生成类似't9zk6eay'的字符串。
答案 0 :(得分:165)
更新2016/1/23
如果您觉得此答案有用,您可能会对a simple (~500 SLOC) password generation library I published:
感兴趣Install-Package MlkPwgen
然后你可以生成随机字符串,就像下面的答案一样:
var str = PasswordGenerator.Generate(length: 10, allowed: Sets.Alphanumerics);
该库的一个优点是代码更好地被排除,因此您可以使用安全随机性for more than generating strings。查看the project site了解详情。
由于还没有人提供安全代码,我发布以下内容以防有人发现它有用。
string RandomString(int length, string allowedChars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789") {
if (length < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", "length cannot be less than zero.");
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(allowedChars)) throw new ArgumentException("allowedChars may not be empty.");
const int byteSize = 0x100;
var allowedCharSet = new HashSet<char>(allowedChars).ToArray();
if (byteSize < allowedCharSet.Length) throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("allowedChars may contain no more than {0} characters.", byteSize));
// Guid.NewGuid and System.Random are not particularly random. By using a
// cryptographically-secure random number generator, the caller is always
// protected, regardless of use.
using (var rng = System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator.Create()) {
var result = new StringBuilder();
var buf = new byte[128];
while (result.Length < length) {
rng.GetBytes(buf);
for (var i = 0; i < buf.Length && result.Length < length; ++i) {
// Divide the byte into allowedCharSet-sized groups. If the
// random value falls into the last group and the last group is
// too small to choose from the entire allowedCharSet, ignore
// the value in order to avoid biasing the result.
var outOfRangeStart = byteSize - (byteSize % allowedCharSet.Length);
if (outOfRangeStart <= buf[i]) continue;
result.Append(allowedCharSet[buf[i] % allowedCharSet.Length]);
}
}
return result.ToString();
}
}
感谢Ahmad指出如何让代码在.NET Core上运行。
答案 1 :(得分:70)
使用Guid会是一个非常好的方法,但是为了获得看起来像你的例子,你可能想要将它转换为Base64字符串:
Guid g = Guid.NewGuid();
string GuidString = Convert.ToBase64String(g.ToByteArray());
GuidString = GuidString.Replace("=","");
GuidString = GuidString.Replace("+","");
我摆脱了“=”和“+”以更接近你的例子,否则你在字符串的末尾得到“==”而在中间得到“+”。这是一个示例输出字符串:
“OZVV5TpP4U6wJthaCORZEQ”
答案 2 :(得分:37)
我会提醒GUID 不是随机数。它们不应被用作生成您期望完全随机的任何内容的基础(参见http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globally_Unique_Identifier):
WinAPI GUID生成器的密码分析显示,由于V4 GUID的序列是伪随机的,因此在给定初始状态的情况下,可以预测由函数UuidCreate返回的下一个250,000个GUID。这就是GUID不应该用于密码学的原因,例如: g。,作为随机密钥。
相反,只需使用C#Random方法即可。这样的事情(code found here):
private string RandomString(int size)
{
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
Random random = new Random();
char ch ;
for(int i=0; i<size; i++)
{
ch = Convert.ToChar(Convert.ToInt32(Math.Floor(26 * random.NextDouble() + 65))) ;
builder.Append(ch);
}
return builder.ToString();
}
如果您需要唯一(如数据库中的唯一文件名或密钥),GUID就可以了,但它们不适合您希望随机(像密码或加密密钥)。所以这取决于你的申请。
修改即可。微软称Random也不是那么好(http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.random(VS.71).aspx):
要生成适合创建随机密码的加密安全随机数,例如,请使用从System.Security.Cryptography.RandomNumberGenerator派生的类,例如System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider。
答案 3 :(得分:12)
我简化了@Michael Kropats解决方案并制作了LINQ-esque版本。
string RandomString(int length, string alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789")
{
var outOfRange = byte.MaxValue + 1 - (byte.MaxValue + 1) % alphabet.Length;
return string.Concat(
Enumerable
.Repeat(0, int.MaxValue)
.Select(e => RandomByte())
.Where(randomByte => randomByte < outOfRange)
.Take(length)
.Select(randomByte => alphabet[randomByte % alphabet.Length])
);
}
byte RandomByte()
{
using (var randomizationProvider = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
{
var randomBytes = new byte[1];
randomizationProvider.GetBytes(randomBytes);
return randomBytes.Single();
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:11)
我不认为他们真的是随机的,但我的猜测是那些是哈希。
每当我需要一些随机标识符时,我通常会使用GUID并将其转换为“裸”表示:
Guid.NewGuid().ToString("n");
答案 5 :(得分:3)
尝试在Guid和Time.Ticks
之间进行组合 var randomNumber = Convert.ToBase64String(Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray()) + DateTime.Now.Ticks;
randomNumber = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(randomNumber, "[^0-9a-zA-Z]+", "");
答案 6 :(得分:1)
在VB.net中使用Michael Kropats解决方案
Private Function RandomString(ByVal length As Integer, Optional ByVal allowedChars As String = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789") As String
If length < 0 Then Throw New ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", "length cannot be less than zero.")
If String.IsNullOrEmpty(allowedChars) Then Throw New ArgumentException("allowedChars may not be empty.")
Dim byteSize As Integer = 256
Dim hash As HashSet(Of Char) = New HashSet(Of Char)(allowedChars)
'Dim hash As HashSet(Of String) = New HashSet(Of String)(allowedChars)
Dim allowedCharSet() = hash.ToArray
If byteSize < allowedCharSet.Length Then Throw New ArgumentException(String.Format("allowedChars may contain no more than {0} characters.", byteSize))
' Guid.NewGuid and System.Random are not particularly random. By using a
' cryptographically-secure random number generator, the caller is always
' protected, regardless of use.
Dim rng = New System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider()
Dim result = New System.Text.StringBuilder()
Dim buf = New Byte(128) {}
While result.Length < length
rng.GetBytes(buf)
Dim i
For i = 0 To buf.Length - 1 Step +1
If result.Length >= length Then Exit For
' Divide the byte into allowedCharSet-sized groups. If the
' random value falls into the last group and the last group is
' too small to choose from the entire allowedCharSet, ignore
' the value in order to avoid biasing the result.
Dim outOfRangeStart = byteSize - (byteSize Mod allowedCharSet.Length)
If outOfRangeStart <= buf(i) Then
Continue For
End If
result.Append(allowedCharSet(buf(i) Mod allowedCharSet.Length))
Next
End While
Return result.ToString()
End Function
答案 7 :(得分:1)
令我惊讶的是为什么没有适当的CrytpoGraphic解决方案。 GUID是唯一的,但不是加密安全的 。 See this Dotnet Fiddle.
var bytes = new byte[40]; // byte size
using (var crypto = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
crypto.GetBytes(bytes);
var base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);
Console.WriteLine(base64);
如果您想添加Guid:
var result = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N") + base64;
Console.WriteLine(result);
更清晰的字母数字字符串:
result = Regex.Replace(result,"[^A-Za-z0-9]","");
Console.WriteLine(result);
答案 8 :(得分:0)
这已被要求提供各种语言。这里的one question about passwords也适用于此。
如果您想使用字符串进行网址缩短,您还需要一个字典&lt;&gt;或数据库检查以查看是否已使用生成的ID。
答案 9 :(得分:0)
如果您想要一个带小写和大写字符([a-zA-Z0-9])的字母数字字符串,您可以使用Convert.ToBase64String()来获得快速简单的解决方案。
至于唯一性,请查看birthday problem以计算发生碰撞的可能性(A)生成的字符串长度和(B)生成的字符串数。
Random random = new Random();
int outputLength = 10;
int byteLength = (int)Math.Ceiling(3f / 4f * outputLength); // Base64 uses 4 characters for every 3 bytes of data; so in random bytes we need only 3/4 of the desired length
byte[] randomBytes = new byte[byteLength];
string output;
do
{
random.NextBytes(randomBytes); // Fill bytes with random data
output = Convert.ToBase64String(randomBytes); // Convert to base64
output = output.Substring(0, outputLength); // Truncate any superfluous characters and/or padding
} while (output.Contains('/') || output.Contains('+')); // Repeat if we contain non-alphanumeric characters (~25% chance if length=10; ~50% chance if length=20; ~35% chance if length=32)
答案 10 :(得分:0)
这对我来说非常适合
private string GeneratePasswordResetToken()
{
string token = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
var plainTextBytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(token);
return Convert.ToBase64String(plainTextBytes);
}
答案 11 :(得分:-1)
答案 12 :(得分:-1)
Get Unique Key using GUID Hash code
public static string GetUniqueKey(int length)
{
string guidResult = string.Empty;
while (guidResult.Length < length)
{
// Get the GUID.
guidResult += Guid.NewGuid().ToString().GetHashCode().ToString("x");
}
// Make sure length is valid.
if (length <= 0 || length > guidResult.Length)
throw new ArgumentException("Length must be between 1 and " + guidResult.Length);
// Return the first length bytes.
return guidResult.Substring(0, length);
}
答案 13 :(得分:-2)
我在Windows上针对Linux命令的一站式解决方案是scoop。 从scoop.sh
安装瓢scoop install openssl
openssl rand -base64 32
Dca3c3pptVkcb8fx243wN/3f/rQxx/rWYL8y7rZrGrA=