如何生成可打印的PDF文件（美国字母大小），以便每个页面代表一个月并进行分区，以便每月的每一天获得相同大小的方框？如果我想跳过周末并只显示工作日怎么办？
我将使用哪些Python模块来完成以下操作？：
答案 0 :(得分：7)
你可以用3个包来做。 'Reportlab'用于生成pdf，'calendar'用于将月份作为列表列表，'python绑定用于'Ghostscript'以将生成的pdf转换为png。
您首先要从日历包中获取数据，然后使用Reportlab生成一个美国字母大小的页面。该表可以被操作以具有网格，每个单元格具有相同大小的框并且改变文本字体，大小和对齐。
如果你只想要一个pdf，你可以把它留在那，或者你可以使用Ghostscript python绑定将这个pdf转换为图像。或者如果你喜欢，你可以使用system（'gs ...'）运行'Ghostscript'。还必须安装Ghostscript才能使python'Ghostscript'程序包正常工作。
如果您想过滤掉所有周末，那么您可以在日历数据上使用旧的老式列表操作。
以下是如何制作pdf的示例。我不打算在一个月内做一整年，而且我不打算过滤掉零。
from reportlab.lib.units import inch
from reportlab.lib import colors
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Table, TableStyle
from reportlab.graphics.shapes import Drawing
import calendar
doc = SimpleDocTemplate('calendar.pdf', pagesize=letter)
cal = [['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']]
cal.extend(calendar.monthcalendar(2011,9))
table = Table(cal, 7*[inch], len(cal) * [inch])
table.setStyle(TableStyle([
('FONT', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'Helvetica'),
('FONT', (0, 0), (-1, 0), 'Helvetica-Bold'),
('FONTSIZE', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 8),
('INNERGRID', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.25, colors.black),
('BOX', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 0.25, colors.green),
('ALIGN', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'CENTER'),
('VALIGN', (0, 0), (-1, -1), 'MIDDLE'),
]))
#create the pdf with this
doc.build([table])
如果你想要另一个页面添加PageBreak（），接着是传递给doc.build（）的列表的下一个日历。 PageBreak是reportlab.platypus的一部分。
将pdf转换为png
import ghostscript
args = ['gs', #it seems not to matter what is put in 1st position
'-dSAFER',
'-dBATCH',
'-dNOPAUSE',
'-sDEVICE=png16m',
'-r100',
'-sOutputFile=calendar.png',
'calendar.pdf']
ghostscript.Ghostscript(*args)
可以通过使用pip获得reportlab和ghostscript包。我在'virtualenv'环境中创建了上述内容。
ReportLab的 http://www.reportlab.com/software/opensource/rl-toolkit/
Ghostscript python绑定 https://bitbucket.org/htgoebel/python-ghostscript
日历是标准python库的一部分。
答案 1 :(得分：2)
对于那些在Google上游荡的人来说，名叫Bill Mill的人写了一个public domain module，使用reportlab生成日历就像这个示例文本一样简单。
from pdf_calendar import createCalendar
#create a December, 2005 PDF
c = createCalendar(12, 2005, filename="blog_calendar.pdf")
#now add January, 2006 to the end
createCalendar(1, 2006, canvas=c)
c.save()
我提供的链接上也有示例输出，虽然它简单而简洁，但它看起来不错（类似于你从Scribus的“make calendar”脚本中得到的东西）并且会成为一个很好的起点未来的改进。
完整代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Create a PDF calendar.
This script requires Python and Reportlab
( http://reportlab.org/rl_toolkit.html ). Tested only with Python 2.4 and
Reportlab 1.2.
See bottom of file for an example of usage. No command-line interface has been
added, but it would be trivial to do so. Furthermore, this script is pretty
hacky, and could use some refactoring, but it works for what it's intended
to do.
Created by Bill Mill on 11/16/05, this script is in the public domain. There
are no express warranties, so if you mess stuff up with this script, it's not
my fault.
If you have questions or comments or bugfixes or flames, please drop me a line
at bill.mill@gmail.com .
"""
from reportlab.lib import pagesizes
from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas
import calendar, time, datetime
from math import floor
NOW = datetime.datetime.now()
SIZE = pagesizes.landscape(pagesizes.letter)
class NoCanvasError(Exception): pass
def nonzero(row):
return len([x for x in row if x!=0])
def createCalendar(month, year=NOW.year, canvas=None, filename=None, \
size=SIZE):
"""
Create a one-month pdf calendar, and return the canvas
month: can be an integer (1=Jan, 12=Dec) or a month abbreviation (Jan, Feb,
etc.
year: year in which month falls. Defaults to current year.
canvas: you may pass in a canvas to add a calendar page to the end.
filename: String containing the file to write the calendar to
size: size, in points of the canvas to write on
"""
if type(month) == type(''):
month = time.strptime(month, "%b")[1]
if canvas is None and filename is not None:
canvas = Canvas(filename, size)
elif canvas is None and filename is None:
raise NoCanvasError
monthname = time.strftime("%B", time.strptime(str(month), "%m"))
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(year, month)
width, height = size
#draw the month title
title = monthname + ' ' + str(year)
canvas.drawCentredString(width / 2, height - 27, title)
height = height - 40
#margins
wmar, hmar = width/50, height/50
#set up constants
width, height = width - (2*wmar), height - (2*hmar)
rows, cols = len(cal), 7
lastweek = nonzero(cal[-1])
firstweek = nonzero(cal[0])
weeks = len(cal)
rowheight = floor(height / rows)
boxwidth = floor(width/7)
#draw the bottom line
canvas.line(wmar, hmar, wmar+(boxwidth*lastweek), hmar)
#now, for all complete rows, draw the bottom line
for row in range(1, len(cal[1:-1]) + 1):
y = hmar + (row * rowheight)
canvas.line(wmar, y, wmar + (boxwidth * 7), y)
#now draw the top line of the first full row
y = hmar + ((rows-1) * rowheight)
canvas.line(wmar, y, wmar + (boxwidth * 7), y)
#and, then the top line of the first row
startx = wmar + (boxwidth * (7-firstweek))
endx = startx + (boxwidth * firstweek)
y = y + rowheight
canvas.line(startx, y, endx, y)
#now draw the vert lines
for col in range(8):
#1 = don't draw line to first or last; 0 = do draw
last, first = 1, 1
if col <= lastweek: last = 0
if col >= 7 - firstweek: first = 0
x = wmar + (col * boxwidth)
starty = hmar + (last * rowheight)
endy = hmar + (rows * rowheight) - (first * rowheight)
canvas.line(x, starty, x, endy)
#now fill in the day numbers and any data
x = wmar + 6
y = hmar + (rows * rowheight) - 15
for week in cal:
for day in week:
if day:
canvas.drawString(x, y, str(day))
x = x + boxwidth
y = y - rowheight
x = wmar + 6
#finish this page
canvas.showPage()
return canvas
if __name__ == "__main__":
#create a December, 2005 PDF
c = createCalendar(12, 2005, filename="blog_calendar.pdf")
#now add January, 2006 to the end
createCalendar(1, 2006, canvas=c)
c.save()
编辑2017-11-25：我不得不重构这个以供我自己使用，所以我想我会在这里分享。最新版本将始终为in this GitHub Gist但是，在下面，我将包含最后一个修订版，然后才获得对PyEphem的依赖，以计算月相的事情：
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Generate a printable calendar in PDF format, suitable for embedding
into another document.
Tested with Python 2.7.
Dependencies:
- Python
- Reportlab
Resources Used:
- https://stackoverflow.com/a/37443801/435253
(Originally present at http://billmill.org/calendar )
- https://www.reportlab.com/docs/reportlab-userguide.pdf
Originally created by Bill Mill on 11/16/05, this script is in the public
domain. There are no express warranties, so if you mess stuff up with this
script, it's not my fault.
Refactored and improved 2017-11-23 by Stephan Sokolow (http://ssokolow.com/).
TODO:
- Implement diagonal/overlapped cells for months which touch six weeks to avoid
wasting space on six rows.
"""
from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
with_statement, unicode_literals)
__author__ = "Bill Mill; Stephan Sokolow (deitarion/SSokolow)"
__license__ = "CC0-1.0" # https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
import calendar, collections, datetime
from contextlib import contextmanager
from reportlab.lib import pagesizes
from reportlab.pdfgen.canvas import Canvas
# Supporting languages like French should be as simple as editing this
ORDINALS = {
1: 'st', 2: 'nd', 3: 'rd',
21: 'st', 22: 'nd', 23: 'rd',
31: 'st',
None: 'th'}
# Something to help make code more readable
Font = collections.namedtuple('Font', ['name', 'size'])
Geom = collections.namedtuple('Geom', ['x', 'y', 'width', 'height'])
Size = collections.namedtuple('Size', ['width', 'height'])
@contextmanager
def save_state(canvas):
"""Simple context manager to tidy up saving and restoring canvas state"""
canvas.saveState()
yield
canvas.restoreState()
def add_calendar_page(canvas, rect, datetime_obj, cell_cb,
first_weekday=calendar.SUNDAY):
"""Create a one-month pdf calendar, and return the canvas
@param rect: A C{Geom} or 4-item iterable of floats defining the shape of
the calendar in points with any margins already applied.
@param datetime_obj: A Python C{datetime} object specifying the month
the calendar should represent.
@param cell_cb: A callback taking (canvas, day, rect, font) as arguments
which will be called to render each cell.
(C{day} will be 0 for empty cells.)
@type canvas: C{reportlab.pdfgen.canvas.Canvas}
@type rect: C{Geom}
@type cell_cb: C{function(Canvas, int, Geom, Font)}
"""
calendar.setfirstweekday(first_weekday)
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(datetime_obj.year, datetime_obj.month)
rect = Geom(*rect)
# set up constants
scale_factor = min(rect.width, rect.height)
line_width = scale_factor * 0.0025
font = Font('Helvetica', scale_factor * 0.028)
rows = len(cal)
# Leave room for the stroke width around the outermost cells
rect = Geom(rect.x + line_width,
rect.y + line_width,
rect.width - (line_width * 2),
rect.height - (line_width * 2))
cellsize = Size(rect.width / 7, rect.height / rows)
# now fill in the day numbers and any data
for row, week in enumerate(cal):
for col, day in enumerate(week):
# Give each call to cell_cb a known canvas state
with save_state(canvas):
# Set reasonable default drawing parameters
canvas.setFont(*font)
canvas.setLineWidth(line_width)
cell_cb(canvas, day, Geom(
x=rect.x + (cellsize.width * col),
y=rect.y + ((rows - row) * cellsize.height),
width=cellsize.width, height=cellsize.height),
font, scale_factor)
# finish this page
canvas.showPage()
return canvas
def draw_cell(canvas, day, rect, font, scale_factor):
"""Draw a calendar cell with the given characteristics
@param day: The date in the range 0 to 31.
@param rect: A Geom(x, y, width, height) tuple defining the shape of the
cell in points.
@param scale_factor: A number which can be used to calculate sizes which
will remain proportional to the size of the entire calendar.
(Currently the length of the shortest side of the full calendar)
@type rect: C{Geom}
@type font: C{Font}
@type scale_factor: C{float}
"""
# Skip drawing cells that don't correspond to a date in this month
if not day:
return
margin = Size(font.size * 0.5, font.size * 1.3)
# Draw the cell border
canvas.rect(rect.x, rect.y - rect.height, rect.width, rect.height)
day = str(day)
ordinal_str = ORDINALS.get(int(day), ORDINALS[None])
# Draw the number
text_x = rect.x + margin.width
text_y = rect.y - margin.height
canvas.drawString(text_x, text_y, day)
# Draw the lifted ordinal number suffix
number_width = canvas.stringWidth(day, font.name, font.size)
canvas.drawString(text_x + number_width,
text_y + (margin.height * 0.1),
ordinal_str)
def generate_pdf(datetime_obj, outfile, size, first_weekday=calendar.SUNDAY):
"""Helper to apply add_calendar_page to save a ready-to-print file to disk.
@param datetime_obj: A Python C{datetime} object specifying the month
the calendar should represent.
@param outfile: The path to which to write the PDF file.
@param size: A (width, height) tuple (specified in points) representing
the target page size.
"""
size = Size(*size)
canvas = Canvas(outfile, size)
# margins
wmar, hmar = size.width / 50, size.height / 50
size = Size(size.width - (2 * wmar), size.height - (2 * hmar))
add_calendar_page(canvas,
Geom(wmar, hmar, size.width, size.height),
datetime_obj, draw_cell, first_weekday).save()
if __name__ == "__main__":
generate_pdf(datetime.datetime.now(), 'calendar.pdf',
pagesizes.landscape(pagesizes.letter))
重构代码具有以下优点：
答案 2 :(得分：1)
我曾经有类似的roblem - 我使用了优秀的pcal实用程序。它不是python，但即使作为python bigot，我发现从python获得可靠的可打印PDF的严重限制 - 我的LaTeX不够好
http://www.itmanagerscookbook.com/Workstation/power-user/calendar.html