Question

我是Scala和Akka的新手，请原谅我，如果这是一个新问题，但我无法在其他任何地方找到答案......

对于记录我使用Scala 2.9.0-1和Akka 1.1.3并且还包括我的SBT 0.10.1设置。

我在Akka上编写了此消息后面的代码作为实验;它是用户数据库和注册设施的玩具版本。基本的想法是有一个UserPool的ActorPool，每个actor都有一个MemoryUserDatabase的实例，它使用STM与用户的电子邮件地址键入的用户地图进行交互 - 非常简单，对吧？

可以通过编译文件并在两个单独的控制台中运行以下内容来重现该问题：

控制台＃1：

import toy.service.user._; ServiceRunner.run

控制台＃2：

import toy.service.user._; ClientRunner.run

这是服务器控制台（＃1）的输出

Aug 31, 2011 5:21:29 PM org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance <clinit>
INFO: Initializing GlobalStmInstance using factoryMethod 'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm.createFast'.
Aug 31, 2011 5:21:29 PM org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm <init>
INFO: Created a new AlphaStm instance
Aug 31, 2011 5:21:29 PM org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance <clinit>
INFO: Successfully initialized GlobalStmInstance using factoryMethod 'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm.createFast'.
[ERROR]   [8/31/11 5:21 PM] [akka:event-driven:dispatcher:global-3] [LocalActorRef] Availability(foo)
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase$
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase$$anonfun$getUser$1.apply(Registration.scala:96)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase$$anonfun$getUser$1.apply(Registration.scala:96)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase$$anonfun$getUser$2.apply(Registration.scala:96)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase$$anonfun$getUser$2.apply(Registration.scala:96)
    at akka.stm.Stm$$anon$1.call(Stm.scala:51)
    at org.multiverse.templates.TransactionBoilerplate.executeWithTransaction(TransactionBoilerplate.java:279)
    at org.multiverse.templates.TransactionBoilerplate.executeChecked(TransactionBoilerplate.java:218)
    at org.multiverse.templates.TransactionBoilerplate.execute(TransactionBoilerplate.java:169)
    at akka.stm.Stm$class.atomic(Stm.scala:50)
    at akka.stm.package$.atomic(package.scala:10)
    at akka.stm.Stm$class.atomic(Stm.scala:47)
    at akka.stm.package$.atomic(package.scala:10)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase.getUser(Registration.scala:95)
    at toy.service.user.UserDatabase$class.available(Registration.scala:88)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase.available(Registration.scala:92)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer$$anonfun$receive$1.apply(Registration.scala:77)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer$$anonfun$receive$1.apply(Registration.scala:76)
    at akka.actor.Actor$class.apply(Actor.scala:478)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer.apply(Registration.scala:74)
    at akka.actor.LocalActorRef.invoke(ActorRef.scala:860)
    at akka.dispatch.MessageInvocation.invoke(MessageHandling.scala:26)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutableMailbox$class.processMailbox(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:214)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher$$anon$4.processMailbox(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:120)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutableMailbox$class.run(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:186)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher$$anon$4.run(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:120)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680)
    at akka.dispatch.MonitorableThread.run(ThreadPoolBuilder.scala:181)

使用Scala 2.9.1.final：

时，错误会更有趣

Aug 31, 2011 5:38:35 PM org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance <clinit>
INFO: Initializing GlobalStmInstance using factoryMethod 'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm.createFast'.
Aug 31, 2011 5:38:35 PM org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance getMethod
INFO: Failed to initialize GlobalStmInstance through System property 'org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance.factoryMethod' with value 'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm'.'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm.createFast' is not an existing class (it can't be found using the Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader).
[ERROR]   [8/31/11 5:38 PM] [akka:event-driven:dispatcher:global-3] [LocalActorRef] Availability(foo)
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at akka.stm.TransactionFactory.<init>(TransactionFactory.scala:172)
    at akka.stm.TransactionFactory$.apply(TransactionFactory.scala:122)
    at akka.stm.Stm$class.$init$(Stm.scala:44)
    at akka.stm.package$.<init>(package.scala:10)
    at akka.stm.package$.<clinit>(package.scala)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase.getUser(Registration.scala:95)
    at toy.service.user.UserDatabase$class.available(Registration.scala:88)
    at toy.service.user.memory.MemoryUserDatabase.available(Registration.scala:92)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer$$anonfun$receive$1.apply(Registration.scala:77)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer$$anonfun$receive$1.apply(Registration.scala:76)
    at akka.actor.Actor$class.apply(Actor.scala:478)
    at toy.service.user.UserServer.apply(Registration.scala:74)
    at akka.actor.LocalActorRef.invoke(ActorRef.scala:860)
    at akka.dispatch.MessageInvocation.invoke(MessageHandling.scala:26)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutableMailbox$class.processMailbox(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:214)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher$$anon$4.processMailbox(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:120)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutableMailbox$class.run(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:186)
    at akka.dispatch.ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher$$anon$4.run(ExecutorBasedEventDrivenDispatcher.scala:120)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:680)
    at akka.dispatch.MonitorableThread.run(ThreadPoolBuilder.scala:181)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to initialize GlobalStmInstance through System property 'org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance.factoryMethod' with value 'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm'.'org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm.createFast' is not an existing class (it can't be found using the Thread.currentThread.getContextClassLoader).
    at org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance.getMethod(GlobalStmInstance.java:82)
    at org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance.<clinit>(GlobalStmInstance.java:38)
    ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.multiverse.stms.alpha.AlphaStm
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
    at org.multiverse.api.GlobalStmInstance.getMethod(GlobalStmInstance.java:76)
    ... 23 more

代码的执行部分是：

class MemoryUserDatabase extends UserDatabase {
  import MemoryUserDatabase._

  def getUser(email: String) = atomic {
    users.get.get(email)
  }
  def register(user: User) = atomic {
    getUser(user.email) match {
      case None =>
        users alter (_ + (user.email -> user))
        true
      case Some(found) => false
    }
  }
}
object MemoryUserDatabase {
  import scala.collection.mutable.{ Map => MutMap }
  private val users = Ref(MutMap[String, User]())
}

我不明白为什么Companion对象无法初始化。最奇怪的部分是你可以做同样的事情，但如果在服务器控制台（＃1）中你首先访问Companion对象：

MemoryUserDatabase

在运行ServerRunner之前，它初始化得很好，其他一切都只是花花公子。

任何人都可以解释为什么会这样吗？

谢谢！伊詹

PS。这是我的第一个Scala代码，所以尽量不要笑得太厉害......任何其他建议（风格，哲学，神学，......）都是受欢迎的。

package toy.service.user

import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap

import akka.actor.{ Actor, ActorRef }
import akka.config.Supervision.{ OneForOneStrategy, Permanent }
import Actor._
import akka.routing._
import akka.stm._
import akka.actor.TypedActor
import akka.event.EventHandler

class User(var email: String,
           var password: String) extends Serializable

/** Registration message types.
 */
sealed trait RegistrationMessage
case class Availability(email: String) extends RegistrationMessage
case class GetUser(email: String) extends RegistrationMessage
case class Register(user: User) extends RegistrationMessage

// Client ---------------------------------------
class UserClient(defaultTimeout: Int = 1000) {
  val userService = Actor.remote.actorFor(UserService.USER_SERVICE_ID, "localhost", UserService.USER_SERVICE_PORT)
  EventHandler.info(this, "remote UserService: id(" + userService.id + "), uuid(" + userService.uuid + ")")

  def getUser(email: String, timeout: Int = defaultTimeout): Option[User] = (userService !! (GetUser(email), timeout)).as[User]

  def available(email: String, timeout: Int = defaultTimeout): Boolean =
    (userService !! (Availability(email), timeout)).as[Boolean].getOrElse(throw new RuntimeException("Oi!"))

  def register(user: User, timeout: Int = defaultTimeout): Boolean =
    (userService !! (Register(user), timeout)).as[Boolean].getOrElse(throw new RuntimeException("Got bogus (None) response from " + UserService.USER_SERVICE_ID))
}

// Service Pool ---------------------------------
object UserService {
  val USER_SERVICE_ID = "user:service"
  val USER_SERVICE_PORT = 2662
  val host = "localhost"
}

class UserService extends Actor
  with DefaultActorPool
  with BoundedCapacityStrategy
  with MailboxPressureCapacitor
  with SmallestMailboxSelector
  with BasicFilter {

  import toy.service.user.memory._

  def receive = _route // DefaultActorPool's receive
  def lowerBound = 1
  def upperBound = 5
  def pressureThreshold = 1
  def partialFill = true // never send duplicate messages to same actor (only meaningful if selectionCount > 1)
  def selectionCount = 1 // How many in pool should receive each message
  def rampupRate = 0.1 // increase by 10% capacity (# num actors)
  def backoffRate = 0.50 // halve capacity once backoffThreshold is reached
  def backoffThreshold = 0.50
  def instance = actorOf(new UserServer(new MemoryUserDatabase))

  override def preStart() {
    import UserService.{ host, USER_SERVICE_ID, USER_SERVICE_PORT }

    remote.start(host, UserService.USER_SERVICE_PORT);
    remote.register(UserService.USER_SERVICE_ID, self) //Register the actorPool with the specified service id
    EventHandler.info(this, "Prestart: Started UserService(" + self.uuid + ") on %s:%s".format(host, UserService.USER_SERVICE_PORT.toString()))
  }
}

// Service --------------------------------------
class UserServer(db: UserDatabase) extends Actor {

  def receive = {
    case Availability(email) => self.reply(db.available(email))
    case GetUser(email)      => self.reply(db.getUser(email))
    case Register(user)      => self.reply(db.register(user))
  }
}

// Database -------------------------------------
trait UserDatabase {
  def getUser(email: String): Option[User]
  def register(user: User): Boolean

  def available(email: String): Boolean = getUser(email) == None
}

package memory {
  class MemoryUserDatabase extends UserDatabase {
    import MemoryUserDatabase._

    def getUser(email: String) = atomic {
      users.get.get(email)
    }

    def register(user: User) = atomic {
      getUser(user.email) match {
        case None =>
          users alter (_ + (user.email -> user))
          true
        case Some(found) => false
      }
    }
  }

  object MemoryUserDatabase {
    import scala.collection.mutable.{ Map => MutMap }

    private val users = Ref(MutMap[String, User]())
  }
}

object ServerRunner {
  def run() {
    actorOf[UserService].start()
  }
}

object ClientRunner {
  def run {
    val client = new UserClient
    EventHandler.info(this, client.available("foo"))
  }
}

Answer 1

当我在启动应用程序期间创建的对象的构造函数中初始化TMap时，我遇到了类似的问题。不知何故，我的对象是在STM静态初始化程序运行之前创建的。我使对象的字段变得懒惰并解决了问题。

......实际上它只是将问题推迟到程序的后期。 GRRRR。

Answer 2

我遇到了同样的问题。添加依赖项'org.multiverse.multiverse-alpha-unborn'为我解决了这个问题。

为什么Scala无法实例化Companion对象？

2 个答案: