Tkinter - 制作第二个画布显示另一个画布的内容

时间:2011-08-27 10:51:00

标签: python tkinter

我正在寻找一种方法来让一个画布显示另一个画布的内容而不会复制其中绘制的对象。第二个画布需要只是一个显示器,它将第一个画布上的内容作为输入。

我知道.postscript方法将内容写入文件或变量中,但我不知道如何(如果可能的话)让另一个画布将其显示为图像。

编辑:我忘了提,我的操作系统是windows。如果有人能告诉我一个跨平台的解决方案,那就太好了。

Edit2:我不想通过复制对象来实现它的原因是因为它们正在移动,并且在某些时间间隔中它们中的一些被销毁并且创建了新的对象。它也是一个实时系统,用它们的行为复制对象可能会减慢速度。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

没有内置方法可以做到这一点。画布不支持任何类型的对等或复制。但是,如果您没有任何嵌入式小部件,则保留第二个画布中所有对象的副本非常简单快捷。

执行此操作的一种简单方法是对canvas小部件进行子类化,然后创建draw_line,draw_oval,coords等的新实现以在对等画布上绘制。以下示例显示如何以这种方式协调三个画布,其中1000个对象以不同的速率向下移动:

import Tkinter as tk
import random

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.canvas1 = PeeredCanvas(self, width=300, height=300, border=1, relief="sunken")
        self.canvas2 = PeeredCanvas(self, width=300, height=300, border=1, relief="sunken")
        self.canvas3 = PeeredCanvas(self, width=300, height=300, border=1, relief="sunken")
        self.canvas1.add_peer(self.canvas2)
        self.canvas1.add_peer(self.canvas3)
        toolbar = tk.Frame(self)
        clear_button = tk.Button(self, text="Refresh", command=self.refresh)
        clear_button.pack(in_=toolbar, side="left")
        toolbar.pack(side="top", fill="x")
        self.canvas1.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
        self.canvas2.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
        self.canvas3.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
        self.animate(10)

    def animate(self, delay):
        '''Move all items down at a random rate'''
        for item in self.canvas1.find_all():
            delta_x = 0
            delta_y = random.randrange(1, 4)
            self.canvas1.move(item, delta_x, delta_y)
        self.after(delay, self.animate, delay)

    def refresh(self, count=100):
        '''Redraw 'count' random circles'''
        self.canvas1.delete("all")
        width=self.canvas1.winfo_width()
        height=self.canvas1.winfo_height()
        for i in range(count):
            if i%2 == 0:
                tags = ("even",)
            else:
                tags = ("odd",)
            x = random.randrange(10, width-10)
            y = random.randrange(10, height-10)
            radius = random.randrange(10,100, 10)/2
            self.canvas1.create_oval([x,y, x+radius, y+radius], tags=tags)
        self.canvas1.itemconfigure("even", fill="red", outline="white")
        self.canvas1.itemconfigure("odd", fill="white", outline="red")

class PeeredCanvas(tk.Canvas):
    '''A class that duplicates all objects on one or more peer canvases'''
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.peers = []
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def add_peer(self, peer):
        if self.peers is None:
            self.peers = []
        self.peers.append(peer)

    def move(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Canvas.move(self, *args, **kwargs)
        for peer in self.peers:
            peer.move(*args, **kwargs)

    def itemconfigure(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Canvas.itemconfigure(self, *args, **kwargs)
        for peer in self.peers:
            peer.itemconfigure(*args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Canvas.delete(self, *args)
        for peer in self.peers:
            peer.delete(*args)

    def create_oval(self, *args, **kwargs):
        tk.Canvas.create_oval(self, *args, **kwargs)
        for peer in self.peers:
            peer.create_oval(*args, **kwargs)


app = SampleApp()
app.mainloop()