在NSArray中搜索最近的数字

时间:2011-08-25 18:01:37

标签: objective-c search nsarray

是否有一种简单的方法可以搜索NSArray个数字,以找到与用户输入数字匹配的最近(或确切存在)?

假设我有一个这样的数组:7, 23, 4, 11, 18, 2,用户输入5

程序按接近度的降序返回三个最接近的值:4, 7, 2最重要的给出三个对象的NSArray索引:2, 0, 5

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

更新:请参阅下面的解决方案,以获得比我的第一个更好的解决方案。

这是一个解决方案,使用NSDictionary包装器为每个数字及其索引,并使用比较器块进行排序。它可能不会很好地扩展,但它可以完成工作。

static NSString *const kValueKey = @"value";
static NSString *const kIndexKey = @"index";

+ (void)searchArray:(NSArray *)array forClosestValuesTo:(int)value resultValues:(NSArray **)values resultIndexes:(NSArray **)indexes
{
    NSMutableArray *searchObjs = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:[array count]];

    [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
        [searchObjs addObject:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:obj, kValueKey, [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:idx], kIndexKey, nil]];
    }];

    [searchObjs sortUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {
        NSUInteger d1 = ABS([[obj1 objectForKey:kValueKey] intValue] - value);
        NSUInteger d2 = ABS([[obj2 objectForKey:kValueKey] intValue] - value);
        if (d1 == d2) { return NSOrderedSame; }
        if (d1 <  d2) { return NSOrderedAscending; }
        return NSOrderedDescending;
    }];

    NSArray *results = [searchObjs subarrayWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 3)];

    if (values) {
        *values = [results valueForKey:kValueKey];
    }

    if (indexes) {
        *indexes = [results valueForKey:kIndexKey];
    }
}

更新:这是一个更新的解决方案,可以对C数组索引进行排序,从而无需使用NSDictionary包装器

static NSString *const kValueKey = @"value";
static NSString *const kArrayKey = @"array";

int
CSCompareIndexes(void *data, const void *value1, const void *value2)
{
    NSDictionary *dict = (NSDictionary *)data;

    NSArray *array = [dict objectForKey:kArrayKey];
    int valueToFind = [[dict objectForKey:kValueKey] intValue];

    int index1 = *(int *)value1;
    int index2 = *(int *)value2;

    NSNumber *num1 = [array objectAtIndex:index1];
    NSNumber *num2 = [array objectAtIndex:index2];

    return ABS([num1 intValue] - valueToFind) - ABS([num2 intValue] - valueToFind);
}

void
CSSearchNumberArray(NSArray *array, int valueToFind, NSArray **resultValues, NSArray **resultIndexes)
{
    NSInteger numValues = [array count];

    NSUInteger *indexes = malloc(sizeof(NSUInteger) * numValues);
    assert(indexes);

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < numValues; i++) {
        indexes[i] = i;
    }

    NSDictionary *data = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:array, kArrayKey, [NSNumber numberWithInt:valueToFind], kValueKey, nil];
    qsort_r(indexes, numValues, sizeof(NSUInteger), (void *)data, CSCompareIndexes);

    NSMutableArray *tmpValues  = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:3],
                   *tmpIndexes = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:3];

    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        [tmpValues addObject:[array objectAtIndex:indexes[i]]];
        [tmpIndexes addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:indexes[i]]];
    }

    if (resultValues) {
        *resultValues = [NSArray arrayWithArray:tmpValues];
    }

    if (resultIndexes) {
        *resultIndexes = [NSArray arrayWithArray:tmpIndexes];
    }

    free(indexes);
}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [NSAutoreleasePool new];

    NSMutableArray *test = [NSMutableArray array];

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        [test addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:(arc4random() % 100)]];
    }

    NSLog(@"Searching: %@", test);

    NSArray *values, *indexes;
    CSSearchNumberArray(test, 50, &values, &indexes);

    NSLog(@"Values: %@", values);
    NSLog(@"Indexes: %@", indexes);

    [pool drain];
    return 0;
}

答案 1 :(得分:2)

使用索引数组“间接”对现有值数组进行排序,并按搜索值的“距离”进行排序。排序后的前三项是“最近”的值。

示例:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface NearestSearcher : NSObject { }
+ (NSArray *) searchNearestValuesOf: (int) value inArray: (NSArray *) values;
@end

@implementation NearestSearcher

+ (NSArray *) searchNearestValuesOf: (int) value inArray: (NSArray *) values
{
    // set up values for indexes array
    NSMutableArray *indexes = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: values.count];
    for (int i = 0; i < values.count; i++)
        [indexes addObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: i]];

    // sort indexes 
    [indexes sortUsingComparator: ^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) 
     {
         int num1 = abs([[values objectAtIndex: [obj1 intValue]] intValue] - value);
         int num2 = abs([[values objectAtIndex: [obj2 intValue]] intValue] - value);

         return (num1 < num2) ? NSOrderedAscending : 
                (num1 > num2) ? NSOrderedDescending : 
                                NSOrderedSame;
     }];

    return [indexes subarrayWithRange: NSMakeRange(0, 3)];
}
@end


// DEMO

#define NUM_VALUES 20

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
{

    NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

    // DEMO SETUP

    // set up values array with random values
    NSMutableArray *values = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity: NUM_VALUES];
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VALUES; i++)
        [values addObject: [NSNumber numberWithInt: arc4random() % 200]];

    // display values array
    for (int i = 0; i < values.count; i++)
        NSLog(@"%2d: %4d", i, [[values objectAtIndex: i] intValue]);

    // get a random value for x
    int x = arc4random() % 200;

    // METHOD INVOCATION

    NSArray *results = [NearestSearcher searchNearestValuesOf: x inArray: values];

    // SHOW RESULTS

    NSLog(@"------------------------");

    NSLog(@"x: %d", x);
    for (NSNumber *num in results)
        NSLog(@"%@: %@", num, [values objectAtIndex: [num intValue]]);

    [pool drain];
    return 0;
}

答案 2 :(得分:1)

天真的方法是在源数组中搜索5,增加找到的计数并存储相应的信息(如果找到),然后搜索46等。< / p>

第二种方法是保留源数组的排序副本: 2, 4, 7, 11, 18, 23

然后使用-indexOfObjectPassingTest:查找该数组中大于5的第一个数字,然后将该数字与其左邻居进行比较,以查看哪个数字更接近5

(7-5) < (5-4) ? storeinfo(7) : storeinfo(4)

如果左邻居获胜,则存储其信息,然后将左邻居与原来的大于五的数字进行比较:

(7-5) < (5-2) ? storeinfo(7) : storeinfo(2)

但如果右侧获胜,则将其右邻居与失败者进行比较:

(11-5) < (5-2) ? storeinfo(11) : storeinfo(2)

在这种情况下,您只需要进行三次比较,然后您需要决定是否要使用<<=。你的第二个数组只是n * ptr大小,所以它不是一个巨大的空间增长。

答案 3 :(得分:0)

这是一个功课问题吗?使用apis对此进行编码的一种简单方法是生成一个名为distances的数组,其中包含与每个原始数字的距离,创建一个名为sorted的数组的排序版本,然后搜索distances对于sorted中最低的三个数字,可以获取索引,从中可以查找原始数字。

答案 4 :(得分:0)

经过测试的代码:100%正常工作

NSMutableArray *arrayWithNumbers=[[NSMutableArray alloc]initWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:7],[NSNumber numberWithInt:23],[NSNumber numberWithInt:4],[NSNumber numberWithInt:11],[NSNumber numberWithInt:18],[NSNumber numberWithInt:2],nil];

NSLog(@"arrayWithNumbers : %@ \n\n",arrayWithNumbers);





NSMutableArray *ResultArray = [ [ NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSMutableArray *lowestArray = [ [ NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSMutableArray *tempArray = [ [ NSMutableArray alloc] init];

NSMutableArray *indexArray = [ [ NSMutableArray alloc] init];


NSNumber *numberToFind=[NSNumber numberWithInt:5];

int limitToFilter = 3;


    for (NSNumber *number in arrayWithNumbers) {

        int a=[number intValue]-[numberToFind intValue];

        [lowestArray addObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:abs(a)]];


    }

tempArray=[lowestArray mutableCopy];

NSSortDescriptor *LowestTohighest = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"self" ascending:YES];

[lowestArray sortUsingDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObject:LowestTohighest]];

int upto = limitToFilter-[ResultArray count];

for (int i = 0; i < upto; i++) {


    [lowestArray objectAtIndex:i];

    if ([tempArray containsObject:[lowestArray objectAtIndex:i]]) {


        NSUInteger index=[tempArray indexOfObject:[lowestArray objectAtIndex:i]];



        [ResultArray addObject:[arrayWithNumbers objectAtIndex:index]];


        [indexArray addObject:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:index]];



    }

}

NSLog(@"ResultArray is : %@ \n\n",ResultArray);

NSLog(@"indexArray is : %@ \n\n",indexArray);


    //here release all 4 arrays if u dont need them

<强>输出:

arrayWithNumbers :(                     7,                     23,                     4,                     11,                     18,                     2                     )

ResultArray是:(                   4,                   7,                   2                   )

indexArray是:(

    "<NSIndexSet: 0x4e06620>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (2)]",

    "<NSIndexSet: 0x4e04030>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (0)]",

    "<NSIndexSet: 0x4e06280>[number of indexes: 1 (in 1 ranges), indexes: (5)]"

        )