多列的SQL MAX?

时间:2008-09-16 10:27:02

标签: sql sql-server tsql

如何在每行最多几列中返回1个值:

表名

[Number, Date1, Date2, Date3, Cost]

我需要返回这样的内容:

[Number, Most_Recent_Date, Cost]

查询?

24 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:771)

这是使用T-SQL和SQL Server的Max功能的另一个很好的解决方案

SELECT [Other Fields],
  (SELECT Max(v) 
   FROM (VALUES (date1), (date2), (date3),...) AS value(v)) as [MaxDate]
FROM [YourTableName]

答案 1 :(得分:149)

好吧,您可以使用CASE语句:

SELECT
    CASE
        WHEN Date1 >= Date2 AND Date1 >= Date3 THEN Date1
        WHEN Date2 >= Date1 AND Date2 >= Date3 THEN Date2
        WHEN Date3 >= Date1 AND Date3 >= Date2 THEN Date3
        ELSE                                        Date1
    END AS MostRecentDate

[对于Microsoft SQL Server 2008 及以上,您可以考虑下面的Sven更简单的答案。]

答案 2 :(得分:118)

如果您使用的是MySQL,则可以使用

SELECT GREATEST(col1, col2 ...) FROM table

答案 3 :(得分:59)

还有3种方法,其中UNPIVOT(1)是迄今为止最快的,其次是Simulated Unpivot(3),它慢于(1)但仍然快于(2)

CREATE TABLE dates
    (
      number INT PRIMARY KEY ,
      date1 DATETIME ,
      date2 DATETIME ,
      date3 DATETIME ,
      cost INT
    )

INSERT  INTO dates
VALUES  ( 1, '1/1/2008', '2/4/2008', '3/1/2008', 10 )
INSERT  INTO dates
VALUES  ( 2, '1/2/2008', '2/3/2008', '3/3/2008', 20 )
INSERT  INTO dates
VALUES  ( 3, '1/3/2008', '2/2/2008', '3/2/2008', 30 )
INSERT  INTO dates
VALUES  ( 4, '1/4/2008', '2/1/2008', '3/4/2008', 40 )
GO

解决方案1(UNPIVOT

SELECT  number ,
        MAX(dDate) maxDate ,
        cost
FROM    dates UNPIVOT ( dDate FOR nDate IN ( Date1, Date2,
                                            Date3 ) ) as u
GROUP BY number ,
        cost 
GO

解决方案2(每行子查询)

SELECT  number ,
        ( SELECT    MAX(dDate) maxDate
          FROM      ( SELECT    d.date1 AS dDate
                      UNION
                      SELECT    d.date2
                      UNION
                      SELECT    d.date3
                    ) a
        ) MaxDate ,
        Cost
FROM    dates d
GO

解决方案3(模拟UNPIVOT

;WITH    maxD
          AS ( SELECT   number ,
                        MAX(CASE rn
                              WHEN 1 THEN Date1
                              WHEN 2 THEN date2
                              ELSE date3
                            END) AS maxDate
               FROM     dates a
                        CROSS JOIN ( SELECT 1 AS rn
                                     UNION
                                     SELECT 2
                                     UNION
                                     SELECT 3
                                   ) b
               GROUP BY Number
             )
    SELECT  dates.number ,
            maxD.maxDate ,
            dates.cost
    FROM    dates
            INNER JOIN MaxD ON dates.number = maxD.number
GO

DROP TABLE dates
GO

答案 4 :(得分:16)

以下两个样本中的任何一个都可以使用:

SELECT  MAX(date_columns) AS max_date
FROM    ( (SELECT   date1 AS date_columns
           FROM     data_table         )
          UNION
          ( SELECT  date2 AS date_columns
            FROM    data_table
          )
          UNION
          ( SELECT  date3 AS date_columns
            FROM    data_table
          )
        ) AS date_query

第二个是lassevk's答案的附加组件。

SELECT  MAX(MostRecentDate)
FROM    ( SELECT    CASE WHEN date1 >= date2
                              AND date1 >= date3 THEN date1
                         WHEN date2 >= date1
                              AND date2 >= date3 THEN date2
                         WHEN date3 >= date1
                              AND date3 >= date2 THEN date3
                         ELSE date1
                    END AS MostRecentDate
          FROM      data_table
        ) AS date_query 

答案 5 :(得分:9)

标量函数会导致各种性能问题,因此如果可能,最好将逻辑包装到内联表值函数中。这是我用来替换一些用户定义函数的函数,这些函数从最多十个日期的列表中选择最小/最大日期。在我的100万行数据集上测试时,标量函数花了15分钟才杀死查询,内联TVF花了1分钟,这与将结果集选择到临时表中的时间相同。要使用它,请从SELECT或CROSS APPLY中的子查询调用该函数。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Get_Min_Max_Date
(
    @Date1  datetime,
    @Date2  datetime,
    @Date3  datetime,
    @Date4  datetime,
    @Date5  datetime,
    @Date6  datetime,
    @Date7  datetime,
    @Date8  datetime,
    @Date9  datetime,
    @Date10 datetime
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
(
    SELECT      Max(DateValue)  Max_Date,
                Min(DateValue)  Min_Date
    FROM        (
                    VALUES  (@Date1),
                            (@Date2),
                            (@Date3),
                            (@Date4),
                            (@Date5),
                            (@Date6),
                            (@Date7),
                            (@Date8),
                            (@Date9),
                            (@Date10)
                )   AS Dates(DateValue)
)

答案 6 :(得分:8)

对于T-SQL(MSSQL 2008 +)

SELECT
  (SELECT
     MAX(MyMaxName) 
   FROM ( VALUES 
            (MAX(Field1)), 
            (MAX(Field2)) 
        ) MyAlias(MyMaxName)
  ) 
FROM MyTable1

答案 7 :(得分:8)

DECLARE @TableName TABLE (Number INT, Date1 DATETIME, Date2 DATETIME, Date3 DATETIME, Cost MONEY)

INSERT INTO @TableName 
SELECT 1, '20000101', '20010101','20020101',100 UNION ALL
SELECT 2, '20000101', '19900101','19980101',99 

SELECT Number,
       Cost  ,
       (SELECT MAX([Date])
       FROM    (SELECT Date1 AS [Date]
               UNION ALL
               SELECT Date2
               UNION ALL
               SELECT Date3
               )
               D
       )
       [Most Recent Date]
FROM   @TableName

答案 8 :(得分:5)

SELECT 
    CASE 
        WHEN Date1 >= Date2 AND Date1 >= Date3 THEN Date1 
        WHEN Date2 >= Date3 THEN Date2 
        ELSE Date3
    END AS MostRecentDate 

由于案例陈述按顺序进行评估,因此写出并略过评估步骤会稍微容易一些。

答案 9 :(得分:4)

问题:选择给予实体的最低费率值 要求:代理商费率可以为空

[MinRateValue] = 
CASE 
   WHEN ISNULL(FitchRating.RatingValue, 100) < = ISNULL(MoodyRating.RatingValue, 99) 
   AND  ISNULL(FitchRating.RatingValue, 100) < = ISNULL(StandardPoorsRating.RatingValue, 99) 
   THEN FitchgAgency.RatingAgencyName

   WHEN ISNULL(MoodyRating.RatingValue, 100) < = ISNULL(StandardPoorsRating.RatingValue , 99)
   THEN MoodyAgency.RatingAgencyName

   ELSE ISNULL(StandardPoorsRating.RatingValue, 'N/A') 
END 

灵感来自this answer

Nat

答案 10 :(得分:4)

不幸的是Lasse's answer虽然看似显而易见,却有一个至关重要的缺陷。它无法处理NULL值。任何单个NULL值都会导致返回Date1。不幸的是,任何修复该问题的尝试都会变得非常混乱,并且不能很好地扩展到4个或更多值。

databyss's first answer看起来很好。但是,目前尚不清楚答案是否可以从多表连接中轻易推断为3个值,而不是从单个表中推导出更简单的3个值。我想避免将这样的查询转换成子查询只是为了得到最多3列,我也很确定databyss的优​​点可以清理一下。

所以不用多说,这是我的解决方案(源于数据表的想法) 它使用交叉连接选择常量来模拟多表连接的效果。需要注意的重要一点是,所有必需的别名都能正确执行(并非总是如此),这样可以使模式非常简单,并且可以通过其他列进行相当大的扩展。

DECLARE @v1 INT ,
        @v2 INT ,
        @v3 INT
--SET @v1 = 1 --Comment out SET statements to experiment with 
              --various combinations of NULL values
SET @v2 = 2
SET @v3 = 3

SELECT  ( SELECT    MAX(Vals)
          FROM      ( SELECT    v1 AS Vals
                      UNION
                      SELECT    v2
                      UNION
                      SELECT    v3
                    ) tmp
          WHERE     Vals IS NOT NULL -- This eliminates NULL warning

        ) AS MaxVal
FROM    ( SELECT    @v1 AS v1
        ) t1
        CROSS JOIN ( SELECT @v2 AS v2
                   ) t2
        CROSS JOIN ( SELECT @v3 AS v3
                   ) t3

答案 11 :(得分:3)

使用CROSS APPLY(2005年以上)....

SELECT MostRecentDate 
FROM SourceTable
    CROSS APPLY (SELECT MAX(d) MostRecentDate FROM (VALUES (Date1), (Date2), (Date3)) AS a(d)) md

答案 12 :(得分:3)

从SQL Server 2012开始,我们可以使用IIF

 DECLARE @Date1 DATE='2014-07-03';
 DECLARE @Date2 DATE='2014-07-04';
 DECLARE @Date3 DATE='2014-07-05';

 SELECT IIF(@Date1>@Date2,
        IIF(@Date1>@Date3,@Date1,@Date3),
        IIF(@Date2>@Date3,@Date2,@Date3)) AS MostRecentDate

答案 13 :(得分:3)

如果您使用的是SQL Server 2005,则可以使用UNPIVOT功能。这是一个完整的例子:

create table dates 
(
  number int,
  date1 datetime,
  date2 datetime,
  date3 datetime 
)

insert into dates values (1, '1/1/2008', '2/4/2008', '3/1/2008')
insert into dates values (1, '1/2/2008', '2/3/2008', '3/3/2008')
insert into dates values (1, '1/3/2008', '2/2/2008', '3/2/2008')
insert into dates values (1, '1/4/2008', '2/1/2008', '3/4/2008')

select max(dateMaxes)
from (
  select 
    (select max(date1) from dates) date1max, 
    (select max(date2) from dates) date2max,
    (select max(date3) from dates) date3max
) myTable
unpivot (dateMaxes For fieldName In (date1max, date2max, date3max)) as tblPivot

drop table dates

答案 14 :(得分:1)

请尝试使用UNPIVOT

SELECT MAX(MaxDt) MaxDt
   FROM tbl 
UNPIVOT
   (MaxDt FOR E IN 
      (Date1, Date2, Date3)
)AS unpvt;

答案 15 :(得分:1)

我更喜欢基于案例的解决方案,当时我的假设是,与具有交叉应用,values(),自定义函数等的其他解决方案相比,它对可能的性能下降的影响最小。

在这种情况下,大多数情况下都会处理空值:

[X, Y] = np.meshgrid(x, y)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
sc = ax.scatter(x, y)
ax.set_aspect("equal")
ax.set_xlim(0, 80)
ax.set_ylim(0, 80)

结果是:

SELECT
    CASE 
        WHEN Date1 > coalesce(Date2,'0001-01-01') AND Date1 > coalesce(Date3,'0001-01-01') THEN Date1 
        WHEN Date2 > coalesce(Date3,'0001-01-01') THEN Date2 
        ELSE Date3
    END AS MostRecentDate
    , *
from 
(values
     (  1, cast('2001-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date))
    ,(  2, cast('2001-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date))
    ,(  3, cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2001-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date))
    ,(  4, cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2001-01-01' as Date))
    ,(  5, cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2001-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date))
    ,(  6, cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2001-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 11, cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 12, cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 13, cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 14, cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 15, cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date))
    ,( 16, cast('2002-01-01' as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date))
    ,( 21, cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date), cast(NULL         as Date))
    ,( 22, cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date), cast(NULL         as Date))
    ,( 23, cast(NULL         as Date), cast(NULL         as Date), cast('2003-01-01' as Date))
    ,( 31, cast(NULL         as Date), cast(NULL         as Date), cast(NULL         as Date))

) as demoValues(id, Date1,Date2,Date3)
order by id
;

答案 16 :(得分:0)

基于来自ScottPletcherhttp://www.experts-exchange.com/Microsoft/Development/MS-SQL-Server/Q_24204894.html解决方案 我创建了一组函数(例如GetMaxOfDates3,GetMaxOfDates13),使用UNION ALL查找最多13个Date值。 见T-SQL function to Get Maximum of values from the same row 但是,在编写这些函数时我没有考虑过UNPIVOT解决方案

答案 17 :(得分:0)

您可以创建一个函数来传递日期,然后将函数添加到select语句中,如下所示。 选择数字,dbo.fxMost_Recent_Date(Date1,Date2,Date3),成本

create FUNCTION  fxMost_Recent_Date 

(     @ Date1 smalldatetime,     @ Date2 smalldatetime,     @ Date3 smalldatetime ) 返回smalldatetime 如 开始     DECLARE @Result smalldatetime

declare @MostRecent smalldatetime

set @MostRecent='1/1/1900'

if @Date1>@MostRecent begin set @MostRecent=@Date1 end
if @Date2>@MostRecent begin set @MostRecent=@Date2 end
if @Date3>@MostRecent begin set @MostRecent=@Date3 end
RETURN @MostRecent

END

答案 18 :(得分:0)

使用 CASE WHEN

的另一种方法
SELECT CASE true 
       WHEN max(row1) >= max(row2) THEN CASE true WHEN max(row1) >= max(row3) THEN max(row1) ELSE max(row3) end ELSE
       CASE true WHEN max(row2) >= max(row3) THEN max(row2) ELSE max(row3) END END
FROM yourTable

答案 19 :(得分:0)

如果我想获取最大的ID,则有一个名为TblItem的表。我使用以下代码。

select MAX(Id) from TblItem

答案 20 :(得分:0)

我的解决方案也可以处理空值比较。可以通过编写单个查询来简化它,但为了解释,我使用的是 CTE。思路是将比较从步骤1中的3个数字减少到2个数字,然后在步骤2中从2个数字减少到1个数字。

with x1 as
(
  select 1 as N1, null as N2, 3 as N3
  union
  select 1 as N1, null as N2, null as N3
  union
  select null as N1, null as N2, null as N3
)
,x2 as
(
select 
N1,N2,N3,
IIF(Isnull(N1,0)>=Isnull(N2,0),N1,N2) as max1,
IIF(Isnull(N2,0)>=Isnull(N3,0),N2,N3) as max2
from x1
)
,x3 as
(
 select N1,N2,N3,max1,max2,
 IIF(IsNull(max1,0)>=IsNull(max2,0),max1,max2) as MaxNo
 from x2
)
select * from x3

输出:

enter image description here

答案 21 :(得分:-2)

我不知道它是否在SQL上等...在M $ ACCESS帮助中有一个名为MAXA(Value1;Value2;...)的函数应该这样做。

希望可以帮助别人。

P.D。:值可以是列或计算值等。

答案 22 :(得分:-3)

这是一个很好的解决方案:

CREATE function [dbo].[inLineMax] (@v1 float,@v2 float,@v3 float,@v4 float)
returns float
as
begin
declare @val float
set @val = 0 
declare @TableVal table
(value float )
insert into @TableVal select @v1
insert into @TableVal select @v2
insert into @TableVal select @v3
insert into @TableVal select @v4

select @val= max(value) from @TableVal

return @val
end 

答案 23 :(得分:-3)

enter image description here上表是一个以薪金1,薪金2,薪金3,薪金4为列的员工薪水表。下面的查询将返回四列中的最大值

select  
 (select Max(salval) from( values (max(salary1)),(max(salary2)),(max(salary3)),(max(Salary4)))alias(salval)) as largest_val
 from EmployeeSalary

在上面的查询中运行时,输出将为largest_val(10001)

上述查询的逻辑如下:

select Max(salvalue) from(values (10001),(5098),(6070),(7500))alias(salvalue)

输出将为10001