Question

我有一个这种格式的HTML文档：

<tr><td colspan="4"><span class="fullName">Bill Gussio</span></td></tr>
    <tr>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Contact</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Phone</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Home</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Work</td>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
        <td class="sectionContent"><span>Screen Name:</span> <span>bhjiggy</span><br><span>Email 1:</span> <span>wmgussio@erols.com</span></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"><span>Mobile: </span><span>2404173223</span></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"><span>NY</span><br><span>New York</span><br><span>78642</span></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"><span>MD</span><br><span>Owings Mills</span><br><span>21093</span></td>
    </tr>

    <tr><td colspan="4"><hr class="contactSeparator"></td></tr>

    <tr><td colspan="4"><span class="fullName">Eddie Osefo</span></td></tr>
    <tr>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Contact</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Phone</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Home</td>
        <td class="sectionHeader">Work</td>
    </tr>
    <tr valign="top">
        <td class="sectionContent"><span>Screen Name:</span> <span>eddieOS</span><br><span>Email 1:</span> <span>osefo@wam.umd.edu</span></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"><span></span></td>
        <td class="sectionContent"><span></span></td>
    </tr>

    <tr><td colspan="4"><hr class="contactSeparator"></td></tr>

所以它交替显示 - 联系信息块然后是“联系人分隔符”。我想获取联系信息，所以我的第一个障碍是抓住联系人分隔符之间的块。我已经使用rubular找出了正则表达式。它是：

/<tr><td colspan="4"><span class="fullName">((.|\s)*?)<hr class="contactSeparator">/

您可以检查rubular以验证这是否隔离了块。

然而，我的大问题是我遇到了ruby代码问题。我使用内置的匹配功能并进行打印，但是没有得到我期望的结果。这是代码：

page = agent.get uri.to_s    
chunks = page.body.match(/<tr><td colspan="4"><span class="fullName">((.|\s)*?)<hr class="contactSeparator">/).captures

chunks.each do |chunk|
   puts "new chunk: " + chunk.inspect
end

请注意，page.body只是Mechanize抓取的html文档的正文。 html文档要大得多，但有这种格式。因此，意外的输出如下：

new chunk: "Bill Gussio</span></td></tr>\r\n\t<tr>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionHeader\">Contact</td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionHeader\">Phone</td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionHeader\">Home</td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionHeader\">Work</td>\r\n\t</tr>\r\n\t<tr valign=\"top\">\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionContent\"><span>Screen Name:</span> <span>bhjiggy</span><br><span>Email 1:</span> <span>wmgussio@erols.com</span></td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionContent\"><span>Mobile: </span><span>2404173223</span></td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionContent\"><span>NY</span><br><span>New York</span><br><span>78642</span></td>\r\n\t\t<td class=\"sectionContent\"><span>MD</span><br><span>Owings Mills</span><br><span>21093</span></td>\r\n\t</tr>\r\n\t\r\n\t<tr><td colspan=\"4\">"
new chunk: ">"

这里有2个惊喜：

1）没有2个匹配包含联系人信息的块，即使在rubular上我已经确认应该提取这些块。

2）所有\ r \ n \ t（换行符，制表符等）都显示在匹配项中。

有人能在这看到这个问题吗？

或者，如果有人知道一个好的免费AOL联系人进口商，那就太好了。我一直在使用黑皮书，但它一直在AOL失败，我试图解决它。不幸的是，AOL还没有联系人API。

谢谢！

Answer 1

参见Can you provide some examples of why it is hard to parse XML and HTML with a regex? 为什么这是一个坏主意。请改用HTML parser。

Answer 2

如果您只是从XML中提取信息，那么使用正则表达式之外的其他内容可能会更容易。 XPath是从XML中提取信息的好工具。我相信有一些可用于Ruby的库支持XPath，也许可以试试REXML：

Answer 3

使用HTML解析器（如hpricot）可以避免很多麻烦：）

sudo gem install hpricot

它主要用C语言编写，所以它也很快

以下是如何使用它：

http://wiki.github.com/why/hpricot/hpricot-basics

Answer 4

这是解析HTML的代码。随意提出更好的建议：

contacts = []
    email, mobile = "",""

    names = page.search("//span[@class='fullName']")

    # Every contact has a fullName node, so for each fullName node, we grab the chunk of contact info
    names.each do |n|

      # next_sibling.next_sibling skips:
      # <tr>
      #   <td class=\"sectionHeader\">Contact</td>
      #   <td class=\"sectionHeader\">Phone</td>
      #   <td class=\"sectionHeader\">Home</td>
      #   <td class=\"sectionHeader\">Work</td>
      # </tr>
      # to give us the actual chunk of contact information
      # then taking the children of that chunk gives us rows of contact info
      contact_info_rows = n.parent.parent.next_sibling.next_sibling.children

      # Iterate through the rows of contact info
      contact_info_rows.each do |row|

        # Iterate through the contact info in each row
        row.children.each do |info|
          # Get Email. There are two ".next_siblings" because space after "Email 1" element is processed as a sibling
          if info.content.strip == "Email 1:" then email = info.next_sibling.next_sibling.content.strip end

          # If the contact info has a screen name but no email, use screenname@aol.com
          if (info.content.strip == "Screen Name:" && email == "") then email = info.next_sibling.next_sibling.content.strip + "@aol.com" end

          # Get Mobile #'s
          if info.content.strip == "Mobile:" then mobile = info.next_sibling.content.strip end

          # Maybe we can try and get zips later.  Right now the zip field can look like the street address field
          # so we can not tell the difference.  There is no label node
          #zip_match = /\A\D*(\d{5})-?\d{4}\D*\z/i.match(info.content.strip) 
          #zip_match = /\A\D*(\d{5})[^\d-]*\z/i.match(info.content.strip)     
        end  

      end

      contacts << { :name => n.content, :email => email, :mobile => mobile }

      # clear variables
      email, mobile = "", ""
    end

Ruby正则表达式帮助使用匹配来提取html doc的片段

4 个答案: