Question

我的程序抛出一个错误，它无法通过catch(Exception e)块处理，然后崩溃：

访问违规已损坏的状态例外。

这是奇怪的事情，因为据我所知，从非托管代码中抛出了损坏的状态异常，而在这里我在调用StringBuilder方法时遇到了这个异常。

代码在后台线程中运行并且不时崩溃，这是不容易再现的。所以我将WinDbg附加到进程并拥有以下异常堆栈：

000000001dabd8c8 000007feea129a1d [HelperMethodFrame: 000000001dabd8c8]
000000001dabda00 000007fee90cfce8 System.Text.StringBuilder.ExpandByABlock(Int32)
000000001dabda40 000007fee90cfba4 System.Text.StringBuilder.Append(Char*, Int32)
000000001dabdaa0 000007fee9102955 System.Text.StringBuilder.Append(System.String, Int32, Int32)
000000001dabdaf0 000007ff00bf5ce3 MineUtils.Common.Strings.Strings.Replace(System.String, System.String, System.String, Boolean, Boolean)
000000001dabdb90 000007ff00bf5a59 MineUtils.Common.Strings.Strings.RemoveSubstrings(System.String, System.String, System.String, Boolean) [D:\Programs\Visual Studio 2005 Projects\MineUtils.Common\Strings\Strings.Common-Main.cs @ 1481

WinDbg显示发生此异常：

EXCEPTION_RECORD:  ffffffffffffffff -- (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)
ExceptionAddress: 000007feea129a1d (clr!WKS::gc_heap::find_first_object+0x0000000000000092)
   ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)
  ExceptionFlags: 00000000
NumberParameters: 2
   Parameter[0]: 0000000000000000
   Parameter[1]: 0000000000003d80
Attempt to read from address 0000000000003d80

我读过这样的异常可以使用方法属性[HandleProcessCorruptedStateExceptions]来处理，但是如果我只使用StringBuilder，为什么会发生这种异常？

这是之前的WinDbg分析（StringBuilder.ToString()导致异常）：

*******************************************************************************
*                                                                             *
*                        Exception Analysis                                   *
*                                                                             *
*******************************************************************************

FAULTING_IP:
clr!WKS::gc_heap::find_first_object+92
000007fe`ea129a1d f70100000080    test    dword ptr [rcx],80000000h

EXCEPTION_RECORD:  ffffffffffffffff -- (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)
ExceptionAddress: 000007feea129a1d (clr!WKS::gc_heap::find_first_object+0x0000000000000092)
   ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)
  ExceptionFlags: 00000001
NumberParameters: 2
   Parameter[0]: 0000000000000000
   Parameter[1]: 0000000000001c98
Attempt to read from address 0000000000001c98

ERROR_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000005 - The instruction at 0x%08lx referenced memory at 0x%08lx. The memory could not be %s.

EXCEPTION_CODE: (NTSTATUS) 0xc0000005 - The instruction at 0x%08lx referenced memory at 0x%08lx. The memory could not be %s.

EXCEPTION_PARAMETER1:  0000000000000000

EXCEPTION_PARAMETER2:  0000000000001c98

READ_ADDRESS:  0000000000001c98

FOLLOWUP_IP:
clr!WKS::gc_heap::find_first_object+92
000007fe`ea129a1d f70100000080    test    dword ptr [rcx],80000000h

MOD_LIST: <ANALYSIS/>

NTGLOBALFLAG:  0

APPLICATION_VERIFIER_FLAGS:  0

MANAGED_STACK:
(TransitionMU)
000000001AB7DFC0 000007FEE90CFE07 mscorlib_ni!System.Text.StringBuilder.ToString()+0x27
000000001AB7E010 000007FF00C750A9 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.Entity.ScanToken(System.Text.StringBuilder, System.String, Boolean)+0x169
000000001AB7E080 000007FF00C760E6 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseParameterEntity(System.String)+0xc6
000000001AB7E0F0 000007FF00C76FD8 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseModel(Char, Sgml.ContentModel)+0x298
000000001AB7E160 000007FF00C7701C SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseModel(Char, Sgml.ContentModel)+0x2dc
000000001AB7E1D0 000007FF00C7701C SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseModel(Char, Sgml.ContentModel)+0x2dc
000000001AB7E240 000007FF00C76BA5 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseContentModel(Char)+0x65
000000001AB7E290 000007FF00C763D7 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseElementDecl()+0xe7
000000001AB7E320 000007FF00C747A1 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.Parse()+0xc1
000000001AB7E370 000007FF00C73EF5 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlDtd.Parse(System.Uri, System.String, System.IO.TextReader, System.String, System.String, System.Xml.XmlNameTable)+0x175
000000001AB7E410 000007FF00C73B33 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlReader.LazyLoadDtd(System.Uri)+0x163
000000001AB7E480 000007FF00C737B9 SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlReader.OpenInput()+0x19
000000001AB7E4E0 000007FF00C7334C SgmlReaderDll!Sgml.SgmlReader.Read()+0x1c
000000001AB7E530 000007FEE5983C4C System_Xml_ni!System.Xml.XmlLoader.Load(System.Xml.XmlDocument, System.Xml.XmlReader, Boolean)+0xac
000000001AB7E590 000007FEE5983730 System_Xml_ni!System.Xml.XmlDocument.Load(System.Xml.XmlReader)+0x90
...
000000001AB7F0A0 000007FEE97ED792 mscorlib_ni!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Execute()+0x82
000000001AB7F100 000007FEE90A181C mscorlib_ni!System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object, Boolean)+0xdc
000000001AB7F160 000007FEE97E7F95 mscorlib_ni!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(System.Threading.Tasks.Task ByRef)+0x1b5
000000001AB7F1E0 000007FEE97E7D90 mscorlib_ni!System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntry(Boolean)+0xb0
000000001AB7F220 000007FEE90EBA83 mscorlib_ni!System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch()+0x193
000000001AB7F2C0 000007FEE90EB8D5 mscorlib_ni!System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback()+0x35
(TransitionUM)

EXCEPTION_OBJECT: !pe 2a61228
Exception object: 0000000002a61228
Exception type:   System.ExecutionEngineException
Message:          <none>
InnerException:   <none>
StackTrace (generated):
<none>
StackTraceString: <none>
HResult: 80131506

MANAGED_OBJECT_NAME:  System.ExecutionEngineException

MANAGED_STACK_COMMAND:  _EFN_StackTrace

LAST_CONTROL_TRANSFER:  from 000007feea12bce4 to 000007feea129a1d

ADDITIONAL_DEBUG_TEXT:  Followup set based on attribute [Is_ChosenCrashFollowupThread] from Frame:[0] on thread:[PSEUDO_THREAD]

FAULTING_THREAD:  ffffffffffffffff

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID:  INVALID_POINTER_READ_CALL

PRIMARY_PROBLEM_CLASS:  INVALID_POINTER_READ_CALL

BUGCHECK_STR:  APPLICATION_FAULT_INVALID_POINTER_READ_WRONG_SYMBOLS_CALL__SYSTEM.EXECUTIONENGINEEXCEPTION

再次更新

启用paged heap后，这是异常的WinDbg堆栈：

 (1480.e84): Access violation - code c0000005 (first chance)
ntdll!ZwTerminateProcess+0xa:
00000000`77c415da c3              ret
0:023> !clrstack
OS Thread Id: 0xe84 (23)
Child SP         IP               Call Site
0000000037ded848 0000000077c415da [HelperMethodFrame: 0000000037ded848]
0000000037dedab0 000007fee9effd17 System.Text.StringBuilder.ToString()*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_64\mscorlib\8f7f691aa155c11216387cf3420d9d1b\mscorlib.ni.dll

0000000037dedb00 000007ff00cceae9 Sgml.Entity.ScanToken(System.Text.StringBuilder, System.String, Boolean)

0000000037dedb70 000007ff00cd19b2 Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseAttDefault(Char, Sgml.AttDef)
0000000037dedbc0 000007ff00cd120b Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseAttDef(Char)
0000000037dedc00 000007ff00cd1057 Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseAttList(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2<System.String,Sgml.AttDef>, Char)
0000000037dedc50 000007ff00cd10cd Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseAttList(System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2<System.String,Sgml.AttDef>, Char)
0000000037dedca0 000007ff00cd0e9a Sgml.SgmlDtd.ParseAttList()
0000000037dedd10 000007ff00cce1f1 Sgml.SgmlDtd.Parse()
0000000037dedd60 000007ff00ccd945 Sgml.SgmlDtd.Parse(System.Uri, System.String, System.IO.TextReader, System.String, System.String, System.Xml.XmlNameTable)
0000000037dede00 000007ff00ccd582 Sgml.SgmlReader.LazyLoadDtd(System.Uri)
0000000037dede70 000007ff00ccd1f9 Sgml.SgmlReader.OpenInput()
0000000037deded0 000007ff00cccd8c Sgml.SgmlReader.Read()
0000000037dedf20 000007fee67b3bfc System.Xml.XmlLoader.Load(System.Xml.XmlDocument, System.Xml.XmlReader, Boolean)*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_64\System.Xml\8e4323f5bfb90be4621456033d8b404b\System.Xml.ni.dll
*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for C:\Windows\assembly\NativeImages_v4.0.30319_64\System.Xml\8e4323f5bfb90be4621456033d8b404b\System.Xml.ni.dll

0000000037dedf80 000007fee67b36e0 System.Xml.XmlDocument.Load(System.Xml.XmlReader)
[deleted]
0000000037deea90 000007feea61d432 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Execute()
0000000037deeaf0 000007fee9ed17ec System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object, Boolean)
0000000037deeb50 000007feea617c35 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(System.Threading.Tasks.Task ByRef)
0000000037deebd0 000007feea617a30 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntry(Boolean)
0000000037deec10 000007fee9f1b953 System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch()
0000000037deecb0 000007fee9f1b7a5 System.Threading._ThreadPoolWaitCallback.PerformWaitCallback()
0000000037def310 000007feeae4dc54 [DebuggerU2MCatchHandlerFrame: 0000000037def310]
0:023> !verifyheap
-verify will only produce output if there are errors in the heap
The garbage collector data structures are not in a valid state for traversal.
It is either in the "plan phase," where objects are being moved around, or
we are at the initialization or shutdown of the gc heap. Commands related to
displaying, finding or traversing objects as well as gc heap segments may not
work properly. !dumpheap and !verifyheap may incorrectly complain of heap
consistency errors.
object 000000000e34caf8: bad member 000000001024b9a0 at 000000000e34cb08
curr_object:      000000000e34caf8
Last good object: 000000000e34cab0
----------------
0:023> !analyze
Last event: 1480.e84: Exit process 0:1480, code 80131506
  debugger time: Sun Sep 18 14:22:42.592 2011 (UTC + 1:00)
0:023> !analyze -v
Last event: 1480.e84: Exit process 0:1480, code 80131506
  debugger time: Sun Sep 18 14:22:42.592 2011 (UTC + 1:00)
0:023> .do e34cab0
          ^ Syntax error in '.do e34cab0'
0:023> !do e34cab0
Name:        System.String
MethodTable: 000007feea026870
EEClass:     000007fee9baed58
Size:        72(0x48) bytes
File:        C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_64\mscorlib\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\mscorlib.dll
String:      appliedFiltersContainer
Fields:
              MT    Field   Offset                 Type VT     Attr            Value Name
000007feea02c758  4000103        8         System.Int32  1 instance               23 m_stringLength
000007feea02b298  4000104        c          System.Char  1 instance               61 m_firstChar
000007feea026870  4000105       10        System.String  0   shared           static Empty
                                 >> Domain:Value  00000000021343a0:000000000db21420 <<
0:023> !do e34caf8
<Note: this object has an invalid CLASS field>
Name:        System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly
MethodTable: 000007feea02a128
EEClass:     000007fee9baf968
Size:        48(0x30) bytes
File:        C:\Windows\Microsoft.Net\assembly\GAC_64\mscorlib\v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089\mscorlib.dll
Fields:
              MT    Field   Offset                 Type VT     Attr            Value Name
000007feea9ef7f0  4000e14        8 ...solveEventHandler  0 instance 0000000000000000 _ModuleResolve
000007feea036338  4000e15       10 ...che.InternalCache  0 instance 000000001024b9a0 m_cachedData
000007feea0259c8  4000e16       18        System.Object  0 instance 000000000e3abd18 m_syncRoot
000007feea033450  4000e17       20        System.IntPtr  1 instance         37a95f10 m_assembly

它有什么用？

Answer 1

您有托管堆损坏。找到托管堆损坏问题的根本原因并不容易，因为问题通常在堆损坏后很久就会自我证明。在您的情况下，StringBuilder是一个红鲱鱼。腐败发生在之前的某个时间。

我将做的是以下内容：

检查您是否有任何不安全的C＃代码。如果你有，请仔细检查那里的逻辑。
为您的应用启用paged heap。使用分页堆运行它将有助于发现非托管代码的问题 - 以防非托管代码破坏托管堆。
在不同的地方运行!VerifyHeap。这样，您就可以在代码中本地化发生损坏的位置。
如果您为应用程序启用了服务器类型的垃圾收集，请暂时将其更改为工作站垃圾收集 - 您将以这种方式获得更可预测的行为。
阅读Tesses的博文 .NET Crash: Managed Heap Corruption calling unmanaged code 。它演示了托管堆损坏的一些示例。

请注意，当您在WinDbg下运行代码时，偶尔会遇到偶然的机会AV。进入中心是安全的，只需在将WinDbg附加到进程后键入sxd av，并仅调查第二次机会AV。

如何调试托管堆中的损坏

2 个答案: