Question

我有一个非常简单的C代码，用于构建如下所示的单链接列表，其中我使用malloc动态地为每个节点分配内存。在代码结束时，我想为每个分配的节点释放内存，想知道如何去做 - 如果我首先从头节点开始并释放它，那么指向后续节点的指针就会丢失并发生内存泄漏。

其他方式是从头节点开始并将节点指针保存在单独的指针或其他数组中，在存储节点指针时遍历列表直到尾指针，并且一旦到达尾节点，也将其存储到其他指针数组并从该数组索引开始向后释放，直到头节点空闲为止。

这是实现我想要做的唯一方法吗？

如果我不想使用第二个缓冲区，我该怎么做呢。

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"

struct lnk_lst 
{
   int val;
   struct lnk_lst * next;
};

typedef struct lnk_lst item;


main()
{
   item * curr, * head;
   int i,desired_value;

   head = NULL;

   for(i=1;i<=10;i++) 
   {
      curr = (item *)malloc(sizeof(item));
      curr->val = i;
      curr->next  = head;
      head = curr;
   }

   curr = head;


   while(curr) {
      printf("%d\n", curr->val);
      curr = curr->next;
   }

  //How to free the memory for the nodes in this list?
   for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
   {
       free()//?? What logic here
   }


}

Answer 1

通常的方法是（伪代码优先）：

node = head              # start at the head.
while node != null:      # traverse entire list.
    temp = node          # save node pointer.
    node = node.next     # advance to next.
    free temp            # free the saved one.
head = null              # finally, mark as empty list.

基本思想是记住要在单独变量中释放的节点，然后在释放它之前前进到下一个变量。

您只需要一次记住一个节点，而不是您提出的整个列表。

就您需要添加到代码中的内容而言，您可以在删除期间使用head作为持续更新列表头（就像它的意图一样）和curr来存储项目你当前正在删除：

while ((curr = head) != NULL) { // set curr to head, stop if list empty.
    head = head->next;          // advance head to next element.
    free (curr);                // delete saved pointer.
}

这比上面的伪代码短一点，因为它可以利用C“速记”进行某些操作。

Answer 2

我使用这样的东西：

for (p = curr; NULL != p; p = next) {
    next = p->next;
    free(p);
}

Answer 3

您的免费代码应如下所示：

lnk_lst temp = null;
while(head) 
{
  temp = head->next;
  free(head);
  head = temp;
}

另外我想在你的malloc之后添加你可能想要检查mem是否已成功分配..类似

if(curr)

Answer 4

使用与上面相同的逻辑遍历列表。你将cure-＆gt;下一个指针保存在某处，释放curr结构并用保存的curr->下一个指针分配curr

Answer 5

Garbage Collector.h的内容

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define Stack struct _stack
#define _MALLOC_S(type,num) (type *)_GC_malloc(sizeof(type)*num)
#pragma pack(1)

//Structure for adressing alocated memory into.

Stack {

    int *adress_i;
    char *adress_c;
    float *adress_f;
    double *adress_d;
    Stack *next;
};

//Safe malloc

void *_GC_malloc(size_t size)
{
    void* ptr = malloc(size);
    if(ptr == NULL)
        return _GC_malloc(size);
    else
        return ptr;
}

//Push new element on Stack after every malloc

void Add_New(int *i, float *f , double *d , char *c , Stack *p)
{
    Stack *q =  _MALLOC_S(Stack,1);

        q->adress_i = i;
        q->adress_f = f;
        q->adress_c = c;
        q->adress_d = d;

        q->next = p->next;
        p->next = q;
        q = NULL;
}

//before ending program remove adresses that was allocated in memory, and pop entire Stack

void Free_All(Stack *p)
{
    //free head (dummy element)
    Stack *Temp = p->next;
    Stack *_free = p;
    free(_free);

    void *oslobodi;

    while(Temp != NULL)
    {
        _free = Temp;
        Temp = _free->next;

        if(_free->adress_i != NULL){
            oslobodi = _free->adress_i;
            free((int *)oslobodi);
        }
        else if(_free->adress_c != NULL){
            oslobodi = _free->adress_c;
            free((char *)oslobodi);
        }
        else if(_free->adress_f != NULL){
            oslobodi = _free->adress_f;
            free((float *)oslobodi);
        }
        else{
            oslobodi = _free->adress_d;
            free((double *)oslobodi);
        }

        free(_free);
    }

    _free = p = Temp;
}

/*  
    declare variable (var) and dinamicly alocate memory with simple macro, 
    and add to stack of linked list
*/

#define obj_int(var)        int *var = _MALLOC_S(int,1);        *var = 0;   Add_New(var, NULL, NULL, NULL, Head); 
#define obj_char(var)       char *var = _MALLOC_S(char,1);  *var = 0;   Add_New(NULL, NULL, NULL, var, Head);
#define obj_float(var)      float *var = _MALLOC_S(float,1);    *var = 0;   Add_New(NULL, var, NULL, NULL, Head);
#define obj_double(var)     double *var = _MALLOC_S(double,1);  *var = 0;   Add_New(NULL, NULL, var, NULL, Head);
#define obj_struct(_type,_name) struct _type _*name = (struct _type *)malloc(sizeof(struct _type));

#define _INIT_ROW(var,num)  for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) var[i] = 0;

/*
    same, but for row!

*/

#define row_int(var, num)   int *var =  _MALLOC_S(int,num);     _INIT_ROW(var,num)  Add_New(var, NULL, NULL, NULL, Head); 
#define row_char(var, num)  char *var =  _MALLOC_S(char,num);       _INIT_ROW(var,num)  Add_New(NULL, NULL, NULL, var, Head);
#define row_float(var, num) float *var =  _MALLOC_S(float,num);     _INIT_ROW(var,num)  Add_New(NULL, var, NULL, NULL, Head);
#define row_double(var, num)    double *var =  _MALLOC_S(double,num);   _INIT_ROW(var,num)  Add_New(NULL, NULL, var, NULL, Head);
#define string(var, value)  row_char(var, (strlen(value)+1)) strcpy(var, value);

/* with this you create a Stack and allocate dummy element */

#define Main(_type) _type main(void) { Stack *Head = _MALLOC_S(Stack,1); Head->next = NULL; Stack *_q_struct;

/* with this macro you call function for dealocate memory (garbage collecting)*/

#define End         Free_All(Head); }

/*same thing for the other functions*/

#define Function(name_function, _type, ...) _type name_function(##__VA_ARGS__) { Stack *Head = _MALLOC_S(Stack,1); Head->next = NULL;
#define End_Ret(ret_var)            Free_All(Head); return (ret_var); }
#define Call(name_function, ...)        name_function(##__VA_ARGS__)

#define Define_Function(name_function, _type, ...) _type name_function(##__VA_ARGS__);

some_program.c的示例附： header systemIO是上面这样的更多标题组！：）


Main(void)          

     int num_elements = 10;

     row_int(row_elements, num_elements); //alocating row_elements object

     for(int i = 0; i < num_elements; i++)
          row_elements[i] = i; //initializing row_elements

End //Garbage delete row_elements and end of program

// row_int[0] = 0, row_int[1] = 1 ....

LinkedList - 如何释放使用malloc分配的内存

5 个答案: