是否有解决方案来获取给定存储过程的参数的默认值？
我现在使用INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARAMETERS来获取有关存储过程参数的信息。我需要知道参数的默认值。是否有解决方案来获取给定存储过程的参数的默认值？
4 个答案:
答案 0 :(得分：4)
如果你是通过SQL命令来解析SQL代码......
信息未存储在系统表中。从sys.parameters（你期望它），has_default_value和default_value列，我们被告知解析SQL：
SQL Server仅在此目录视图中维护CLR对象的默认值;因此，对于Transact-SQL对象，此列的值为0。要查看Transact-SQL对象中参数的默认值，请查询sys.sql_modules目录视图的definition列，或使用OBJECT_DEFINITION系统函数。
如果has_default_value为1，则此列的值为参数的默认值;否则，为NULL。
要证明：
CREATE PROC dbo.Paramtest (@foo int = 42)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
GO
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(object_id), has_default_value, default_value
FROM sys.parameters
WHERE name = '@foo' AND object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Paramtest')
-- gives Paramtest, 0, NULL
答案 1 :(得分：2)
Declare @pSProcName NVARCHAR(MAX)='ProcedureName'
DECLARE @SQLTEXT NVARCHAR(MAX),@start int ,@end int,@SearchCode NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @SQLTEXT =OBJECT_DEFINITION(OBJECT_ID(@pSProcName))
SELECT @start=CHARINDEX('@',@SQLTEXT,1)
SELECT @end =min(val) FROM (
SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(10)+'AS'+CHAR(10)+'%',@SQLTEXT ) AS val
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(10)+'AS'+CHAR(13)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(13)+'AS'+CHAR(10)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(13)+'AS'+CHAR(13)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(10)+'AS'+CHAR(32)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(32)+'AS'+CHAR(10)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(32)+'AS'+CHAR(32)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(13)+'AS'+CHAR(32)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
UNION ALL SELECT PATINDEX('%'+CHAR(32)+'AS'+CHAR(13)+'%',@SQLTEXT )
) S
Where s.val <> 0
SELECT @SearchCode=SUBSTRING(@sqltext,@start,@end - @start)
SELECT S2.parameter_id,S2.ParameterName,S2.DataType,S1.Default_Value FROM
(
SELECT CASE WHEN Data like '%=%' then RIGHT(Data,len(Data)-CHARINDEX('=',Data,1)) ELSE '' END as Default_Value,
CASE WHEN Data like '%=%' then 1 ELSE 0 END as Has_default_Value
,Data FROM(
SELECT LTRIM(RTRIM(Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)'))) AS Data
FROM
(
SELECT CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(@SearchCode, ',', '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data
) AS A CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a))s
)S1
INNER JOIN
(
Select p.parameter_id,p.name as ParameterName,UPPER(t.name) AS DataType from sys.all_parameters p
Inner JOIN sys.types t
on t.user_type_id = p.user_type_id
where Object_name(OBJECT_ID) = @pSProcName
) S2
ON S1.Data LIKE '%'+S2.ParameterName+'%'+S2.DataType+'%'
答案 2 :(得分：0)
@ N.Dinesh.Reddy有一个了不起的答案。我做了一些修改，以提供对参数定义之间的换行的支持，并支持其默认值带有XML字符（例如@Parameter1 NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'<'）的参数。
DECLARE @ProcedureName NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'dbo.TestProcedure';
DECLARE @ObjectId INT = OBJECT_ID(@ProcedureName);
DECLARE @DefinitionText NVARCHAR(MAX) = REPLACE(REPLACE(OBJECT_DEFINITION(@ObjectId), CHAR(10), N' '), CHAR(13), N' ');
DECLARE @FirstParameterIndex INT = CHARINDEX('@',@DefinitionText, 1);
-- Pull out only the parameters, and xml-encode them.
SET @DefinitionText = (SELECT SUBSTRING(@DefinitionText, @FirstParameterIndex, PATINDEX(N'% AS %', @DefinitionText) - @FirstParameterIndex) FOR XML PATH(N''));
-- Find the parameter names.
SELECT b.parameter_id, b.name, b.system_type_id, b.user_type_id, b.max_length, b.is_output, a.has_default_value FROM (
SELECT LEFT(ParameterDefinition, CHARINDEX(N' ', ParameterDefinition, 1)) parameter_name, CAST(CASE WHEN EqualSignIndex = 0 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END AS BIT) has_default_value FROM (
SELECT ParameterDefinition, CHARINDEX(N'=', ParameterDefinition, 1) EqualSignIndex FROM (
SELECT LTRIM(RTRIM(Split.ParameterDefinition.value(N'.', N'NVARCHAR(100)'))) ParameterDefinition FROM (
SELECT CAST(CONCAT('<a>', REPLACE(@DefinitionText, ',', '</a><a>'), '</a>') AS XML) Xml
) a CROSS APPLY Xml.nodes('/a') AS Split(ParameterDefinition)
) a
) a
) a
FULL JOIN sys.all_parameters b ON a.parameter_name = b.name
WHERE b.object_id = @ObjectId;
答案 3 :(得分：0)
我仔细研究了 SQL Server Management Studio 的反汇编，以了解 Microsoft 自己是如何做到的，因为我想确保我的方法完全正确。
正如其他发帖人所推测的那样，令我惊讶的是（阅读：震惊）SSMS 针对 sys.sql_modules.definition 运行 RegEx 以提取 {{1} 中不可用的参数信息}}。
从 SQL Server Management Studio 18 开始，此操作的逻辑在 sys.parameters 中，特别是类 Microsoft.SqlServer.SqlEnum.dll。您还会在其中找到其他有用的正则表达式。
这是模式：
如果您的过程是用 Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PostProcessParam 保存的，则使用此模式：
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER如果您的过程未用 new Regex( "(/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)|(--[^\n]*)|(\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\")|(//[^\n]*)|(?<delim>\\b((AS)|(RETURNS))\\b)|(?:(?<param>@[\\w_][\\w\\d_$$@#]*)((\\s)|((--[^\n]*))|((/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)))*(AS){0,1})|(?<val>(((\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\"))|((N{0,1}'(('')|[^'])*)')|((0x[0-9a-f]+))|(((\\+|\\-){0,1}((\\d+\\.\\d*)|(\\d*\\.\\d+)|(\\d+))(e((\\+)|(\\-))\\d+){0,1}))|((\\[((\\]\\])|[^\\]])*\\]))|(([\\w_][\\w;\\d_]*))))|(?<comma>,)|(?<eq>=)|(\\([\\d, ]*\\))", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);
保存，则使用此模式：
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER要获取每个参数的默认值，请针对您的 new Regex( "(/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)|(--[^\n]*)|(//[^\n]*)|(?<delim>\\b((AS)|(RETURNS))\\b)|(?:(?<param>@[\\w_][\\w\\d_$$@#]*)((\\s)|((--[^\n]*))|((/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)))*(AS){0,1})|(?<val>(((\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\"))|((N{0,1}'(('')|[^'])*)')|((0x[0-9a-f]+))|(((\\+|\\-){0,1}((\\d+\\.\\d*)|(\\d*\\.\\d+)|(\\d+))(e((\\+)|(\\-))\\d+){0,1}))|((\\[((\\]\\])|[^\\]])*\\]))|(([\\w_][\\w;\\d_]*))))|(?<comma>,)|(?<eq>=)|(\\([\\d, ]*\\))", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);
运行适当的正则表达式并注意 sql.sql_modules_definition 组。
TL;DR：
以下是使其工作所需的完整说明：
- 要求：
- 本地 SQL Server（使用 SQL Server 2014、2016 和 207 测试）。这不适用于 Azure SQL，因为 Azure SQL 不支持 SQL-CLR。
- 您不需要 Visual Studio - 只需通过命令行访问
val，这样您就可以自己编译 SQL-CLR 程序集。
- 复制并粘贴下面描述的
csc.exe文件。 - 在终端/命令提示符中运行此命令以将
GetParameterDefaults.cs编译为 SQL-CLR 程序集GetParameterDefaults.cs：ProcParamDefs.dll - 找到您在第 2 步中创建的
csc.exe /noconfig /nowarn:1701,1702,2008 /fullpaths /nostdlib+ /errorreport:prompt /warn:4 /define:DEBUG;TRACE /errorendlocation /preferreduilang:en-US /highentropyva+ /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.8\mscorlib.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.8\System.Data.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.8\System.dll" /reference:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.8\System.Xml.dll" /debug+ /debug:full /optimize- /out:ProcParamDefs.dll /subsystemversion:6.00 /target:library /warnaserror- /utf8output /langversion:7.3 GetParameterDefaults.cs并将其转换为十六进制二进制字符串（基数为 16）。- 有些网站可以免费执行此操作，或使用此 PowerShell 命令：
ProcParamDefs.dll
- 有些网站可以免费执行此操作，或使用此 PowerShell 命令：
- 将
( Get-Content ".\ProcParamDefs.dll" | Format-Hex | Select-Object -Expand Bytes | ForEach-Object { '{0:x2}' -f $_ }) -join ''文件（在本文末尾）复制并粘贴到 SSMS 会话中。 - 用第 3 步中的 Base16/hex 替换
Install.sql。注意前导<PASTE BASE-16 (HEX) DLL HERE KEEP THE LEADING 0x PREFIX>需要存在，尾随0x也是如此，所以它应该看起来像这样：< /li>
;运行它，您应该可以使用 UDF
CREATE ASSEMBLY [ProcParamDefs] AUTHORIZATION [dbo] FROM 0x0x4D5A90000300000004000000FFFF0000B800etc ;、dbo.GetParameterDefaults和dbo.[GetParameterDefaultsByProcedureObjectId。例如，看这个截图：
请注意，它仅列出具有默认值的参数。它不会列出没有任何默认定义的参数。
dbo.ParseParameterDefaultValues
GetParameterDefaults.csusing System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
/// <summary>
/// This SQL-CLR table-valued UDF will parse and expose the default-values for SQL Server stored procedures as this information is not normally available through INFORMATION_SCHEMA nor sys.parameters.<br />
/// By Dai Rees on StackOverflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6992561/is-there-a-solution-for-getting-the-default-value-of-the-parameters-of-a-given-s<br />
/// This also may find its way onto my GitHub eventually too.<br />
/// The crucial regular-expressions inside this UDF were copied from Microsoft's SqlEnum.dll (they're *the exact same* regexes that SSMS uses to show parameter information) btw.<br />
/// I guess the regexes are Microsoft's copyright, but SSMS is given-away for free and Microsoft made no attempt to obscure/hide them, so I guess this is fair-use? If so, then consider my code as MIT licensed, so happy forking!
/// </summary>
public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
private static readonly Regex _paramRegexQI = new Regex("(/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)|(--[^\n]*)|(\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\")|(//[^\n]*)|(?<delim>\\b((AS)|(RETURNS))\\b)|(?:(?<param>@[\\w_][\\w\\d_$$@#]*)((\\s)|((--[^\n]*))|((/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)))*(AS){0,1})|(?<val>(((\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\"))|((N{0,1}'(('')|[^'])*)')|((0x[0-9a-f]+))|(((\\+|\\-){0,1}((\\d+\\.\\d*)|(\\d*\\.\\d+)|(\\d+))(e((\\+)|(\\-))\\d+){0,1}))|((\\[((\\]\\])|[^\\]])*\\]))|(([\\w_][\\w;\\d_]*))))|(?<comma>,)|(?<eq>=)|(\\([\\d, ]*\\))", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture | RegexOptions.Compiled );
private static readonly Regex _paramRegex = new Regex("(/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)|(--[^\n]*)|(//[^\n]*)|(?<delim>\\b((AS)|(RETURNS))\\b)|(?:(?<param>@[\\w_][\\w\\d_$$@#]*)((\\s)|((--[^\n]*))|((/\\*(([^/\\*])|(\\*(?=[^/]))|(/(?=[^\\*])))*|(/\\*(?>/\\*(?<DEPTH>)|\\*/(?<-DEPTH>)|(.|[\n])?)*(?(DEPTH)(?!))\\*/)\\*/)))*(AS){0,1})|(?<val>(((\"((\"\")|[^\"])*\"))|((N{0,1}'(('')|[^'])*)')|((0x[0-9a-f]+))|(((\\+|\\-){0,1}((\\d+\\.\\d*)|(\\d*\\.\\d+)|(\\d+))(e((\\+)|(\\-))\\d+){0,1}))|((\\[((\\]\\])|[^\\]])*\\]))|(([\\w_][\\w;\\d_]*))))|(?<comma>,)|(?<eq>=)|(\\([\\d, ]*\\))", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture | RegexOptions.Compiled );
private const String _tableDefinition = @"ParameterName nvarchar(100), DefaultValueExpr nvarchar(4000)";
[SqlFunction(
DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
FillRowMethodName = nameof(FillRow),
IsDeterministic = false,
Name = nameof(GetParameterDefaults),
SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.Read,
TableDefinition = _tableDefinition
)]
public static IEnumerable/*<(String parameterName, String defaultValueExpr)>*/ GetParameterDefaults( String procedureName )
{
// Despite the fact the function returns an IEnumerable and the SQLCLR docs saying how great streaming is, it's actually very difficult to use `yield return`:
// See here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/591191/sqlfunction-fails-to-open-context-connection-despite-dataaccesskind-read-present
// SQLCLR will handle ArgumentExceptions just fine:
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlprogrammability/server-side-error-handling-part-2-errors-and-error-messages
// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlprogrammability/exception-handling-in-sqlclr
if( procedureName is null ) throw new ArgumentNullException( paramName: nameof(procedureName) );
if( String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( procedureName ) ) throw new ArgumentException( message: "Value cannot be empty nor whitespace.", paramName: nameof(procedureName) );
//
( Boolean ok, String definition, Boolean isQuotedId ) = TryGetProcedureDefinitionFromName( procedureName );
if( !ok )
{
throw new ArgumentException( message: "Could not find the definition of a procedure with the name \"" + procedureName + "\".", paramName: nameof(procedureName) );
}
// We can't do this, boo:
// foreach( var t in ParseParams( definition, quotedId ? _paramRegexQI : _paramRegex ) ) yield return t;
return ParseParameterDefaultValues( definition, isQuotedId );
}
[SqlFunction(
DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
FillRowMethodName = nameof(FillRow),
IsDeterministic = false,
Name = nameof(GetParameterDefaultsByProcedureObjectId),
SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.Read,
TableDefinition = _tableDefinition
)]
public static IEnumerable/*<(String parameterName, String defaultValueExpr)>*/ GetParameterDefaultsByProcedureObjectId( Int32 procedureObjectId )
{
( Boolean ok, String definition, Boolean isQuotedId ) = TryGetProcedureDefinitionFromId( procedureObjectId );
if( !ok )
{
throw new ArgumentException( message: "Could not find the definition of a procedure with OBJECT_ID = " + procedureObjectId.ToString(), paramName: nameof(procedureObjectId) );
}
// We can't do this, boo:
// foreach( var t in ParseParams( definition, quotedId ? _paramRegexQI : _paramRegex ) ) yield return t;
return ParseParameterDefaultValues( definition, isQuotedId );
}
[SqlFunction(
DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
FillRowMethodName = nameof(FillRow),
IsDeterministic = false,
Name = nameof(ParseParameterDefaultValues),
SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.Read,
TableDefinition = _tableDefinition
)]
public static IEnumerable/*<(String parameterName, String defaultValueExpr)>*/ ParseParameterDefaultValues( String procedureDefinition, Boolean isQuotedId )
{
List<(String parameterName, String defaultValueExpr)> list = new List<(String parameterName, String defaultValueExpr)>();
foreach( (String name, String value) t in ParseParams( procedureDefinition, isQuotedId ? _paramRegexQI : _paramRegex ) )
{
list.Add( t );
}
return list;
}
private static ( Boolean ok, String definition, Boolean quotedId ) TryGetProcedureDefinitionFromName( String procedureName )
{
using( SqlConnection c = new SqlConnection( "context connection=true" ) )
{
c.Open();
using( SqlCommand cmd = c.CreateCommand() )
{
cmd.CommandText = @"
SELECT
c.[definition],
CONVERT( bit, OBJECTPROPERTY( c.object_id, N'ExecIsQuotedIdentOn' ) ) AS IsQuotedId
FROM
sys.sql_modules AS c
WHERE
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID( @procedureName );";
_ = cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter( "@procedureName", SqlDbType.NVarChar ) { Value = procedureName } );
using( SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader() )
{
if( rdr.Read() )
{
String definition = rdr.GetString(0);
Boolean quotedId = rdr.GetBoolean(1);
return ( ok: true, definition, quotedId );
}
else
{
// Validate the object-name:
return ( ok: false, definition: null, quotedId: default );
}
}
}
/*
using( SqlCommand cmdPostMortem = c.CreateCommand() )
{
cmdPostMortem.CommandText = @"
SELECT OBJECT_ID( @procedureName ) AS oid";
_ = cmdPostMortem.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter( "@procedureName", SqlDbType.NVarChar ) { Value = procedureName } );
Object objectId = cmdPostMortem.ExecuteScalar();
if( objectId is null || objectId == DBNull.Value )
{
}
}
*/
}
}
private static ( Boolean ok, String definition, Boolean quotedId ) TryGetProcedureDefinitionFromId( Int32 procedureObjectId )
{
using( SqlConnection c = new SqlConnection( "context connection=true" ) )
{
c.Open();
using( SqlCommand cmd = c.CreateCommand() )
{
cmd.CommandText = @"
SELECT
c.[definition],
CONVERT( bit, OBJECTPROPERTY( c.object_id, N'ExecIsQuotedIdentOn' ) ) AS IsQuotedId
FROM
sys.sql_modules AS c
WHERE
c.object_id = @objId;";
_ = cmd.Parameters.Add( new SqlParameter( "@objId", SqlDbType.Int ) { Value = procedureObjectId } ); // `OBJECT_ID` returns `int` values btw.
using( SqlDataReader rdr = cmd.ExecuteReader() )
{
if( rdr.Read() )
{
String definition = rdr.GetString(0);
Boolean quotedId = rdr.GetBoolean(1);
return ( ok: true, definition, quotedId );
}
else
{
return ( ok: false, definition: null, quotedId: default );
}
}
}
}
}
private static IEnumerable<(String name, String value)> ParseParams( String definition, Regex r )
{
Boolean inParam = false;
String currentParameterName = null;
Match m = r.Match( definition );
while( m.Success && !m.Groups["delim"].Success )
{
if( m.Groups["eq"].Success )
{
inParam = true;
}
if( m.Groups["comma"].Success )
{
inParam = false;
currentParameterName = null;
}
if( inParam && currentParameterName != null && m.Groups["val"].Success )
{
String defaultValue = m.Groups["val"].Value;
inParam = false;
yield return ( currentParameterName, defaultValue );
}
if( m.Groups["param"].Success )
{
currentParameterName = m.Groups["param"].Value;
}
m = m.NextMatch();
}
}
public static void FillRow( Object tupleObj, out SqlString parameterName, out SqlString defaultValueExpr )
{
if( tupleObj is ValueTuple<String,String> vt )
{
parameterName = vt.Item1;
defaultValueExpr = vt.Item2;
}
else if( tupleObj is null )
{
throw new ArgumentNullException( paramName: nameof(tupleObj) );
}
else
{
throw new ArgumentException( message: "Expected first argument to be of type ValueTuple<String,String> but encountered " + tupleObj.GetType().FullName, paramName: nameof(tupleObj) );
}
}
}
Install.sql
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