任何人都知道在Java中生成整数列表的随机排列的快速/最快方法。例如,如果我想要一个长度为5的随机排列,则答案为1 5 4 2 3
,其中每个5!
可能性同样可能。
我对如何解决这个问题的想法是运行一种方法,该方法在所需长度的数组中生成随机实数,然后对它们进行排序,返回索引,即0.712 0.314 0.42 0.69 0.1
将返回5 2 3 4 1
的排列。我认为可以在O(n^2)
中运行,目前我的代码大约运行O(n^3)
,并且目前我的程序运行时间占很大比例。从理论上讲,这似乎没问题但我在实践中并不确定。
答案 0 :(得分:8)
您是否尝试过以下操作?
Collections.shuffle(list)
这遍历每个元素,用随机的剩余元素交换该元素。这具有O(n)时间复杂度。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
如果目的只是生成随机排列,我真的不明白排序的必要性。就我所知,以下代码以线性时间运行
public static int[] getRandomPermutation (int length){
// initialize array and fill it with {0,1,2...}
int[] array = new int[length];
for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
array[i] = i;
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++){
// randomly chosen position in array whose element
// will be swapped with the element in position i
// note that when i = 0, any position can chosen (0 thru length-1)
// when i = 1, only positions 1 through length -1
// NOTE: r is an instance of java.util.Random
int ran = i + r.nextInt (length-i);
// perform swap
int temp = array[i];
array[i] = array[ran];
array[ran] = temp;
}
return array;
}
以下是一些测试它的代码:
public static void testGetRandomPermutation () {
int length =4; // length of arrays to construct
// This code tests the DISTRIBUTIONAL PROPERTIES
ArrayList<Integer> counts = new ArrayList <Integer> (); // filled with Integer
ArrayList<int[]> arrays = new ArrayList <int[]> (); // filled with int[]
int T = 1000000; // number of trials
for (int t = 0; t < T; t++) {
int[] perm = getRandomPermutation(length);
// System.out.println (getString (perm));
boolean matchFound = false;
for(int j = 0; j < arrays.size(); j++) {
if(equals(perm,arrays.get(j))) {
//System.out.println ("match found!");
matchFound = true;
// increment value of count in corresponding position of count list
counts.set(j, Integer.valueOf(counts.get(j).intValue()+1));
break;
}
}
if (!matchFound) {
arrays.add(perm);
counts.add(Integer.valueOf(1));
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < arrays.size(); i++){
System.out.println (getString (arrays.get (i)));
System.out.println ("frequency: " + counts.get (i).intValue ());
}
// Now let's test the speed
T = 500000; // trials per array length n
// n will the the length of the arrays
double[] times = new double[97];
for(int n = 3; n < 100; n++){
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int t = 0; t < T; t++){
int[] perm = getRandomPermutation(n);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
times[n-3] = (double)(endTime-beginTime);
System.out.println("time to make "+T+" random permutations of length "+n+" : "+ (endTime-beginTime));
}
// Plotter.plot(new double[][]{times});
}
答案 2 :(得分:2)
有一种易于实现的O(n)Shuffle方法。
答案 3 :(得分:1)
只需在0
和n! - 1
之间生成随机数并使用
the algorithm I provided elsewhere (to generate permutation by its rank)