如何在特定提交时获取工作目录内容

时间:2011-08-02 15:07:08

标签: git git-checkout

我有一个git存储库,其中包含一些提交。我想重现完全状态的工作目录,因为它是在特定提交之后(这里我假设我已经提交了所有更改)。

我尝试使用git checkout,但此命令不会删除工作目录中的现有文件(在所需的提交后添加)。

简单的例子来说明我的问题。我使用以下命令准备了存储库

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/git/.git/

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ echo 'ffff' > first.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git add first.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git commit -m "Important file was added"
[master (root-commit) fb05f7e] Important file was added
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 first.file

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ echo 'Second line' >> first.file 
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git commit -m "Important data was added" -a
[master df93d04] Important data was added
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ echo 'ssss' > second.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git add second.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git commit -m "Second important file was added"
[master b6c106a] Second important file was added
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 second.file

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ echo 'tttt' > third.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git add third.file
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git commit -m "Third important file was added"
[master 33fce06] Third important file was added
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 third.file

现在目录看起来像这样

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ ls
first.file  second.file  third.file

first.file有以下内容

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ cat first.file 
ffff
Second line

现在我想要在首次提交(fb05f7e

之后立即恢复工作目录
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ git checkout fb05f7e .
u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ cat first.file 
ffff

second.filethird.file仍在目录

u@u-desktop:/tmp/git$ ls
first.file  second.file  third.file

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

只是做:

git checkout fb05f7e

...即没有指定当前目录(.)作为结帐路径。您会发现second.filethird.file已按预期删除。

原因是git checkout有两种截然不同的操作模式,具体取决于您是否提供路径。如果你确实提供了一个路径,它根本不会改变HEAD,只是

  

...从索引文件或命名的< tree-ish>更新工作树中的命名路径。 (通常是提交)

(那是来自git checkout documentation)。这只会更新其他提交中实际存在的路径。

答案 1 :(得分:3)

删除.中的git checkout。手册页中的选择:

   git checkout [<branch>], git checkout -b|-B <new_branch> [<start
     point>], git checkout [--detach] [<commit>]
       This form switches branches by updating the index, working tree,
       and HEAD to reflect the specified branch or commit.

       (...)

   git checkout [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
       When <paths> or --patch are given, git checkout does not switch
       branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from the
       index file or from a named <tree-ish> (most often a commit).

如果您想删除索引中选中的文件,请使用git clean(阅读手册页,您将拥有“反oops”选项传递命令行使其工作)。