Question

这个功能有什么问题？这似乎是一个范围错误（虽然我认为我通过将每个callable放在列表中而不是直接使用它来修复它）。错误是达到最大递归深度（调用comp（inv，dbl，inc）时）...

注意：问题是：为什么它甚至会递归，而不是为什么它会达到最大深度......

def comp(*funcs):
    if len(funcs) in (0,1):
        raise ValueError('need at least two functions to compose')
    # get most inner function
    composed = []
    print("appending func 1")
    composed.append(funcs[-1])
    # pop last and reverse
    funcs = funcs[:-1][::-1]
    i = 1
    for func in funcs:
        i += 1
        print("appending func %s" % i)
        composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))
    return composed[-1]

def inc(x):
    print("inc called with %s" % x)
    return x+1
def dbl(x):
    print("dbl called with %s" % x)
    return x*2
def inv(x):
    print("inv called with %s" % x)
    return x*(-1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    comp(inv,dbl,inc)(2)

回溯（如果有帮助）：

appending func 1
appending func 2
appending func 3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "comp.py", line 31, in <module>
    comp(inv,dbl,inc)(2)
  File "comp.py", line 17, in <lambda>
    composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))
  File "comp.py", line 17, in <lambda>
    composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))
  File "comp.py", line 17, in <lambda>
    composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))
  (...)
  File "comp.py", line 17, in <lambda>
    composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))
RuntimeError: maximum recursion depth exceeded while calling a Python object

Answer 1

您创建的lambda函数会在composed变量上构建一个闭包：

composed.append(lambda *args, **kwargs: func(composed[-1](*args,**kwargs)))

这意味着当您创建 lambda函数时，时，composed[-1]不会被评估。结果是，composed[-1]将一次又一次地递归调用自己。

您可以使用辅助函数（具有自己的作用域）来创建lambda函数来解决此问题：

def comp2(f1, f2):
    return lambda *args, **kwargs: f1(f2(*args, **kwargs))

...
for func in funcs:
     composed.append(comp2(func, composed[-1]))

Answer 2

我不知道为什么你开始生成许多功能。您的代码有一个简单版本：

def compose(*funcs):
    if len(funcs) in (0,1):
        raise ValueError('need at least two functions to compose')

    # accepting *args, **kwargs in a composed function doesn't quite work
    # because you can only pass them to the first function.
    def composed(arg):
        for func in reversed(funcs):
            arg = func(arg)
        return arg

    return composed

# what's with the lambdas? These are functions already ...
def inc(x):
    print("inc called with %s" % x)
    return x+1
def dbl(x):
    print("dbl called with %s" % x)
    return x*2
def inv(x):
    print("inv called with %s" % x)
    return -x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    f = compose(inv,dbl,inc)
    print f(2)
    print f(3)

Python函数组合（最大递归深度错误，范围？）

2 个答案: