我正在使用新的Python Requests库来发出http请求。我从服务器获取cookie作为文本。如何将其转换为包含Cookie的CookieJar
?
答案 0 :(得分:46)
我对这个问题感到困惑。请求库会将cookie放入jar中。
import requests
import cookielib
URL = '...whatever...'
jar = cookielib.CookieJar()
r = requests.get(URL, cookies=jar)
r = requests.get(URL, cookies=jar)
对URL的第一个请求将填充jar。第二个请求将cookie发送回服务器。标准库的urllib模块cookielib也是如此。 (doc目前可用于2.x版本)
答案 1 :(得分:23)
请求Session
也会收到并发送Cookie。
s = requests.Session()
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789')
r = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
print(r.text)
# '{"cookies": {"sessioncookie": "123456789"}}'
(上述代码来自http://www.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#session-objects)
如果您希望在代码运行之间将cookie保留在磁盘上,您可以直接使用cookie jar并保存/加载它们。更麻烦,但仍然很容易:
import requests
import cookielib
cookie_file = '/tmp/cookies'
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar(cookie_file)
# Load existing cookies (file might not yet exist)
try:
cj.load()
except:
pass
s = requests.Session()
s.cookies = cj
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789')
r = s.get("http://httpbin.org/cookies")
# Save cookies to disk, even session cookies
cj.save(ignore_discard=True)
然后查看文件:
$ cat /tmp/cookies
#LWP-Cookies-2.0
Set-Cookie3: sessioncookie=123456789; path="/"; domain="httpbin.org"; path_spec; discard; version=0
答案 2 :(得分:4)
为了帮助你,我写了一个完整的模块。我尝试使用我的个人网页和谷歌的cookie,所以我认为它有效。
我从How to add cookie to existing cookielib CookieJar instance in Python?获得了帮助
我在这里有很多untythonic代码,包括半kludge,所以你的里程可能会有所不同。根据需要调整它,特别是对于假定的项目(例如端口80),下面的“request”作为参数类型为requests.request,我意识到“method”参数必须是所有大写字母。希望我能帮忙!
注意:我没有时间添加注释以便澄清,因此您必须使用源代码。
import Cookie,cookielib,requests,datetime,time #had this out but realized later I needed it when I continued testing
def time_to_tuple(time_string):
wday = {'Mon':0,'Tue':1,'Wed':2,'Thu':3,'Fri':4,'Sat':5,'Sun':6}
mon = {'Jan':1,'Feb':2,'Mar':3,'Apr':4,'May':5,'Jun':6,'Jul':7,'Aug':8,'Sep':9,'Oct':10,'Nov':11,'Dec':12}
info = time_string.split(' ')
info = [i.strip() for i in info if type(i)==str]
month = None
for i in info:
if '-' in i:
tmp = i.split('-')
for m in tmp:
try:
tmp2 = int(m)
if tmp2<31:
mday = tmp2
elif tmp2 > 2000:
year = tmp2
except:
for key in mon:
if m.lower() in key.lower():
month = mon[key]
elif ':' in i:
tmp = i.split(':')
if len(tmp)==2:
hour = int(tmp[0])
minute = int(tmp[1])
if len(tmp)==3:
hour = int(tmp[0])
minute = int(tmp[1])
second = int(tmp[2])
else:
for item in wday:
if ((i.lower() in item.lower()) or (item.lower() in i.lower())):
day = wday[item]
if month is None:
for item in mon:
if ((i.lower() in item.lower()) or (item.lower() in i.lower())):
month = mon[item]
return year,month,mday,hour,minute,second
def timefrom(year,month,mday,hour,minute,second):
time_now = time.gmtime()
datetime_now = datetime.datetime(time_now.tm_year,time_now.tm_mon,
time_now.tm_mday,time_now.tm_hour,
time_now.tm_min,time_now.tm_sec)
then = datetime.datetime(year,month,mday,hour,minute,second)
return (datetime_now-then).total_seconds()
def timeto(year,month,mday,hour,minute,second):
return -1*timefrom(year,month,mday,hour,minute,second)
##['comment', 'domain', 'secure', 'expires', 'max-age', 'version', 'path', 'httponly']
def parse_request(request):
headers = request.headers
cookieinfo = headers['set-cookie'].split(';')
name = 'Undefined'
port=80
port_specified=True
c = Cookie.SmartCookie(headers['set-cookie'])
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
for m in c.values():
value = m.coded_value
domain = m['domain']
expires = m['expires']
if type(expires) == str:
tmp = time_to_tuple(expires)
expires = timeto(tmp[0],tmp[1],tmp[2],tmp[3],tmp[4],tmp[5])
max_age=m['max-age']
version = m['version']
if version == '':
version = 0
path = m['path']
httponly = m['httponly']
if httponly == '':
if 'httponly' in headers['set-cookie'].lower():
httponly = True
else:
httponly = False
secure = m['secure']
comment=m['comment']
port = 80
port_specified=False
domain_specified=True
domain_initial_dot = domain.startswith('.')
path_specified=True
discard = True
comment_url=None
rest={'HttpOnly':httponly}
rfc2109=False
ck = cookielib.Cookie(version,name,value,port,port_specified,domain,
domain_specified,domain_initial_dot,path,path_specified,
secure,expires,discard,comment,comment_url,rest,rfc2109)
cj.set_cookie(ck)
return cj
答案 3 :(得分:3)
well cookielib.LWPCookieJar上有加载和保存方法。查看格式并查看它是否与本机cookie格式匹配,您可以使用StringIO将cookie直接加载到cookie jar中。或者,如果请求在引擎盖下使用urllib2,你不能在默认的开启者中添加一个cookie处理程序吗?
答案 4 :(得分:3)
我认为很多这些答案都没有提到。有时,其他图书馆并未使用引擎下的请求。或者不会暴露它使用的cookiejar。有时我们所有是cookie字符串。在我的情况下,我试图从pyVmomi借用auth cookie。
import requests
import http.cookies
raw_cookie_line = 'foo="a secret value"; Path=/; HttpOnly; Secure; '
simple_cookie = http.cookies.SimpleCookie(raw_cookie_line)
cookie_jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
cookie_jar.update(simple_cookie)
这为我们提供了以下cookie_jar
:
In [5]: cookie_jar
Out[5]: <RequestsCookieJar[Cookie(version=0, name='foo', value='a secret value', port=None, port_specified=False, domain='', domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path='/', path_specified=True, secure=True, expires=None, discard=False, comment='', comment_url=False, rest={'HttpOnly': True}, rfc2109=False)]>
我们可以正常使用:
requests.get(..., cookies=cookie_jar)
答案 5 :(得分:2)
我正在尝试做同样的事情。这是我到目前为止,由于某种原因,它不是在标题中发送cookie。它可能会帮助你解决问题。
import requests
import cookielib
import logging
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def auth(auth_url, cookies):
cj = cookielib.CookieJar()
for x in cookies:
if len(cookies[x]) > 0:
ck = cookielib.Cookie(version=1, name=x, value=cookies[x],
port=None, port_specified=False, domain='.example.com',
domain_specified=True,
domain_initial_dot=True, path='/',
path_specified=True, secure=False,
expires=None, discard=True,
comment=None, comment_url=None,
rest=None, rfc2109=True)
log.info(ck)
cj.set_cookie(ck)
log.info("cookies = %s " % cj)
response = requests.get(auth_url, cookies=cj)
log.info("response %s \n" % response)
log.info("response.headers %s \n" % response.headers)
log.info("response.content %s \n" % response.content)
答案 6 :(得分:2)
假设您已请求url
并获得headers
作为回复。类型类型url
是字符串。类型类型headers
是列表。
import urllib2
import cookielib
class dummyResponse:
def __init__(self,headers):
self.headers=headers
def info(self):
return dummyInfo(self.headers)
class dummyInfo:
def __init__(self,headers):
self.headers=headers
def getheaders(self,key):
#Headers are in the form: 'Set-Cookie: key=val\r\n'. We want 'key=val'
newMatches=[]
for header in self.headers:
if header.lower().startswith(key.lower()):
clearHeader=header[len(key)+1:].strip()
newMatches.append(clearHeader)
return newMatches
req=urllib2.Request(url)
resp=dummyResponse(headers)
jar=cookielib.CookieJar()
jar.extract_cookies(resp, req)
答案 7 :(得分:1)
试试这个网站:Voidspace article
多年来,我发现空隙对于做这种事情非常有用。希望我帮助过,虽然我很笨。该代码位于Voidspace Recipes 作为源代码.py虽然下载文件是&#34; .py - &#34;文件。
答案 8 :(得分:1)
作为dstanek answered,请求会自动将响应cookie放入cookie罐中
但是,如果您手动指定Cookie
标头条目,请求将不会将这些Cookie放入jar中。这意味着任何后续请求都将缺少您的初始cookie集,但将会有任何新的cookie。
如果您确实需要为请求手动创建Cookie jar,请使用requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar
。如果他们的示例代码发生了变化:
jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')
jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)
请注意,如果您提供Cookie jar 和 Cookie
标头,则标头优先,但仍会保留Cookie jar以供将来请求使用。
答案 9 :(得分:1)
关于如何获取cookiejar并将cookie保留在Python3中的思考的简化版本:
import requests
s = requests.Session()
r1 = s.get('https://stackoverflow.com')
print("r1",r1.cookies) #Have cookie
print("s",s.cookies) #Have cookie(jar)
r2 = s.get('https://stackoverflow.com') #The cookie from r1 is resend
print("r2",r2.cookies) #No cookie (could be a new one)
print("s",s.cookies) #Keep the cookie(jar) from r1
要在会话之间保留cookie,您必须保存并重用Session中的cookiejar( s 变量)。 如果在其他站点的r1 / r2 / s之间得到不同的答案,请检查是否存在重定向。例如,r1 / r2将不会获得https://www.stackoverflow.com的cookie,因为它将被重定向到没有www的站点。