Question

运行 rpm run start 后，打印错误：语法错误：无法在模块外使用导入语句。注意：我将它与 GCP Cloud Run 一起使用。

package.json

import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

const App = () => {
  const [matchs, setMatchs] = useState(window.matchMedia("(min-width: 768px)").matches)

  useEffect(() => {
    const handler = (e) => setMatchs( e.matches );
    window.matchMedia("(min-width: 768px)").addListener(handler);
  }, []);

  return (
    <div >
      {matchs && (<h1>Big Screen</h1>)}
      {!matchs && (<h3>Small Screen</h3>)}
    </div>
  );
}

export default App;

然后我有一个名为 src 的文件夹，其中包含 index.ts 中的导入语句的文件（请参阅文件结构的屏幕截图）。

这是导入语句代码：

 {
  "name": "auth-api-public",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "main": "src/index.ts",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node src/index.ts",
    "lint": "eslint src/**.ts",
    "fix": "eslint --fix *.ts"
  },
  "author": "Jacob Miller",
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=12.0.0"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/secret-manager": "^3.9.0",
    "express": "^4.17.1",
    "firebase-admin": "^9.11.0",
    "stytch": "^3.0.2"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^3.9.1",
    "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^3.8.0",
    "eslint": "^7.30.0",
    "eslint-config-google": "^0.14.0",
    "eslint-config-prettier": "8.3.0",
    "eslint-plugin-import": "^2.23.4",
    "eslint-plugin-node": "11.1.0",
    "eslint-plugin-promise": "5.1.0"
  }
}

这是 tsconfig.json：

import * as express from "express";
import * as stytch from "stytch";
import * as admin from "firebase-admin";

“编译器选项”：{ "目标": "es5", "module": "commonjs", “声明”：真实， "outDir": "./dist", “严格”：真实， "esModuleInterop": 真, "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": 真 } }

然后是运行 npm run start 后的错误信息截图：

Answer 1

我希望 Typescript 是全局安装的 (npm i -g typescript)。除了安装 JavaScript npm，你还应该安装 Typescript 版本。下面是一个例子，如何做到这一点，
npm install express @types/express
对存在 Typescript 版本的所有 npm 模块执行此操作。在这里分享 tsconfig.json 的配置。确保你在那里使用 commonjs。

检查以下配置是否适合您。

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json to read more about this file */

    /* Basic Options */
    // "incremental": true,                   /* Enable incremental compilation */
    "target": "es5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */
    // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
    // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
    // "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
    "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
    // "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
    "outDir": "./dist",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
    // "rootDir": "./",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
    // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
    // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
    // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
    // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
    // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
    // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
    // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */

    /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
    "strict": true,                           /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
    // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
    // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
    // "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
    // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
    // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */

    /* Additional Checks */
    // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
    // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
    // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
    // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */

    /* Module Resolution Options */
    // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
    // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
    // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
    // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
    // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
    // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
    // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
    "esModuleInterop": true,                  /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
    // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
    // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,          /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */

    /* Source Map Options */
    // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
    // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
    // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
    // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */

    /* Experimental Options */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */

    /* Advanced Options */
    "skipLibCheck": true,                     /* Skip type checking of declaration files. */
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true  /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
  }
}                                                                                                                 ```

Answer 2

您可以查看 Stackoverflow Questions 1 和 2，其中 OP 也遇到过类似的错误。

在上述两种情况下，问题都已通过在 package.json 文件中的 Type 字段中添加值“module”得到解决。

语法：

            {
               “Type” : “module”
           
            }

请检查是否正确添加了类型值，并确保您正在使用 Nodejs 的最新版本，如果版本在 13 之前，那么您还必须在 package.json 文件中添加一个标志以及以上变化。

语法：

         node --experimental-modules program.js

Typescript 和 Node.js 错误“语法错误：无法在模块外使用导入语句”

2 个答案: